{"lots":[{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111282/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good d.s. by both ferdinand v ('yo el rey') and isabella i ('yo la reyna') individually, at the foot, one page, oblong 8vo, n.p., 22nd july 1493, in spanish. the boldly penned manuscript document authorises juan de ribera to act as their agent and states, in full, 'we beseech don juan de ribera, our captain general in the frontier of navarre and of our council, that he may speak to you of our transaction which we place at your disposal and we request that you fully vouch for and guarantee to the effect that such deed be executed' countersigned at the foot by fernando alvarez, secretary to the monarchs, beneath a holograph statement ('por mandato del rey y de la reyna'), mandating the document. with some extremely light, very minor age wear, otherwise a clean and handsome document, vgferdinand ii and isabella i were bestowed the title of rex catholicissimus ('catholic monarchs') by pope alexander vi in 1494, the year after signing the present document, in recognition of their defence of the catholic faith within their realms.the marriage of the catholic monarchs became the basis for the political unification of spain under their grandson, holy roman emperor charles v, and ferdinand and isabella are also recognised for completing the reconquista, as well as ordering conversion or exile of their muslim and jewish subjects in the spanish inquisition.however, their place in history is more commonly associated with the support and finance they granted with their sponsorship of christopher columbus for his first voyage of 1492 which led to the opening of the new world and to the establishment of spain as the first global power which dominated europe and much of the world for more than a century.the present document is dated between the first voyage of columbus, which concluded on 15th march 1493, and the commencement of his second voyage on 24th september 1493."},"estimateMax":3500,"lotNumber":"1","title":{"es":"ferdinand & isabella: ferdinand ii (1452-1516) king of aragon 1479-1516 and, as ferdinand v, king of castile jure uxoris 1474-1504 & isabella i (1451-1504) queen of castile 1474-1504."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111282/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2500,"soldPrice":4000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.384Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,500 - £3,500","currency":"GBP","id":111282,"estimateMin":2500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111283/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., yo el rey, one page, folio, burgos, 16th july 1524, to the councillor of the royal house, in old castilian. writing in his capacity as king of spain, king charles i states `i hereby instruct you to register in the royal house books and apply the corresponding food rations to juan de quirós, as the newly appointed young server in charge of the whippets.´ further adding that de quiros will replace 'our master martin from mallorca, after his death, who was long since in charge of our whippets, and this with his same salaries, robes and food rations....for two whippets.´ some very light, extremely minor age wear, vgin 1524, in the same year as the present letter was signed, the peasants revolt broke out in germany, and was to last for a further two years. at the end of april 1524 emperor charles v and king henry viii formed a new league to support the duke of bourbon in a fresh attack on france and in july 1524 the emperor prohibited the holding of the proposed german synod at spires.grandson of the catholic kings, ferdinand & isabella, charles v was ruler of both the holy roman empire (for 37 years) and the spanish empire ( for 40 years). through inheritance he brought together such extensive territories in western, central and southern europe, and the spanish colonies in america and asia. so large were his domains that they were described as 'the empire on which the sun never sets'"},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"2","title":{"es":"charles v: (1500-1558) holy roman emperor 1519-56, and king charles i of spain 1516-56."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111283/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.385Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111283,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111284/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine d.s., henry r, (a good, bold example) as king, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, westminster, 30th october 1533. the manuscript warrant is addressed to baron windsor, keeper of the great wardrobe, and orders him to deliver clothing to john berwick, richard bolton, william hammond and thomas maxson, the 'children of our lease' [leash], each to receive 'oon dublet of chamlet\u2026any dublet\u2026.lyned with fustyan and canvas\u2026.three shyrthendy shyrte\u2026.made with draught worke\u2026.a gowne of fowre brode yardes of woollen cloth\u2026.to bee finred with yrisshe lambe\u2026.thre peyre of hosen\u2026.fowre peyre of doble soled shoes (or eight peyres of single-soled)\u2026oon hatte\u2026five brace of colers, fowre cheynes of the best\u2026[and]\u2026thre leases'. with a blind embossed paper signet seal at the foot. a very small printed identification slip is neatly affixed at the base. some extremely minor overall creasing and very light dust staining and two very slight traces of former mounting to the verso, otherwise a clean and attractive document overall, about vgandrews windsor (1467-1543) english nobleman, keeper of the great wardrobe from 1504 until his death.king henry viii's household was the home for many animals and pets (he kept ferrets, his first wife catherine of aragon owned a monkey; canaries and nightingales could be found in ornamental birdcages hanging in the windows at hampton court) however it was his dogs, particularly beagles, spaniels and greyhounds, that the king considered his favourites. as illustrated by the present document, the monarch's dogs were adorned with decorative collars of velvet (permitted only to royal dogs) and the royal leash boys were equally handsomely attired. king henry viii regularly sent dogs (all garnished with a good iron collar) as gifts to foreign leaders. it has been recorded that some sixty-five dog leashes were found in the king's closet upon his death.henry viii was the second monarch of the tudor dynasty and has been described as 'one of the most charismatic rulers to sit on the english throne'. the monarch notably initiated the english reformation, thereby greatly expanding royal power, and the scale and complexities of his legacy are such that, in their work henry viii in history (2012) betteridge and freeman state 'throughout the centuries [since his death] henry has been praised and reviled, but he has never been ignored'.provenance: formerly part of the enys collection of autographs and manuscripts."},"estimateMax":15000,"lotNumber":"3","title":{"es":"henry viii: (1491-1547) king of england 1509-47."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111284/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":10000,"soldPrice":14000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.387Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£10,000 - £15,000","currency":"GBP","id":111284,"estimateMin":10000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111285/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good, rare d.s., edward, as king, at the head, one page (vellum), oblong folio, manor of st. james's, 24th may 1547. the manuscript document is a warrant addressed to richard bonnye (or bunny), receiver of the royal rents and revenues in the counties of northumberland, cumberland, westmorland, lancashire, the bishopric of durham and the archdeaconry of richmond, commanding him to annually deliver to sir thomas grey, treasurer of the town of berwick, the sum of £3000 for payment of the fees and wages of the officers and soldiers of the town. countersigned at the foot by edward seymour, 1st duke of somerset ('e: somerset'; c.1500-1552, lord protector of england 1547-49 during the minority of his nephew, king edward vi) and five other members of the privy council comprising john russell, 1st earl of bedford ('j russell'; c.1485-1554/55, lord privy seal 1542-55 and lord high steward, for the coronation of king edward vi, 1547) sir thomas cheney ('t cheyne'; c.1485-1558, english administrator & diplomat, lord warden of the cinque ports in south east england 1536-58), sir anthony denny ('a d\u2026.' a large part of the signature worn away, 1501-1549, groom of the stool, a confidant of king henry viii who attended the monarch on his death bed), henry fitzalan, 19th earl of arundel ('h. arundell', 1512-1580, english nobleman, lord chamberlain) and sir ralph sadler ('r. sadleyr', 1507-1587, english statesman, secretary of state 1540-43, master of the great wardrobe 1543-53). with a large portion of the blind embossed paper seal of the privy council affixed. a small diamond shaped spindle hole appears in the upper left margin, not affecting the text or signatures, some light overall creasing and minor dust staining and with a few very small holes to the lower edge and the upper edge a little frayed. a small area of text to the right side of the document is a little rubbed and a few words are partially illegible, ga rare document signed by the nine-year old king edward vi in the first year of his reign, four months after the death of king henry viii, and countersigned by his uncle, edward seymour, leader of the regency council.sir thomas grey (c.1509-1570), the beneficiary of the present warrant, served as justice of the peace for northumberland 1547-54 and as treasurer for berwick-upon-tweed 1547-50. the fall of edward seymour as protector in 1550 cost grey the treasurership of berwick, which was transferred to richard bunny (c.1513-1584) to whom the present warrant is addressed.provenance: the present document was formerly contained in the collection of sir thomas phillipps (1792-1872) english antiquary and book collector who amassed the largest collection of manuscripts in the 19th century. the document was sold by sotheby's on 27th june 1977 (lot 4865, ms 25912) and most likely derived from the collection formed by the antiquary john wilson of broomhead (1719-1783) which included a volume of bunny's paper as receiver of the northern revenues.the third of the tudor monarchs, king edward vi's reign was marked by economic problems and social unrest that culminated in riot and rebellion in 1549. the transformation of the church into a recognisably protestant body also occurred under edward, the architect of the reforms being thomas cranmer, archbishop of canterbury, whose book of common prayer is still used. king edward vi fell ill in february 1553 and died at the young age of 15."},"estimateMax":20000,"lotNumber":"4","title":{"es":"edward vi: (1537-1553) king of england & ireland 1547-53. son of king henry viii and jane seymour and england's first monarch to be raised as a protestant."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111285/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":15000,"soldPrice":17000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.388Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£15,000 - £20,000","currency":"GBP","id":111285,"estimateMin":15000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111286/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111286/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine document issued in the names of philip and mary, one page (vellum), slim oblong folio, 1st march 1555, being an exemplification of a fine, boldly penned in latin in an accomplished scribal hand (two letters with attractive strapwork) and confirming the sale from john lindsell to richard weston of listed parcels of land (bradlese [i.e. bradley's] mead and wood etc.) in roxwell, in the parish of writtle, essex. with the seal of the court of common pleas affixed at the foot, the seal tag bearing a notarial mark. the brown wax seal (with a diameter of 5\") is largely intact, although somewhat rubbed, and depicts queen mary seated on a throne and with two coats of arms to the recto and the queen riding on horseback to the verso. some staining, just affecting a few words of text, and some light age wear, otherwise a clean and attractive document. about vgrichard weston (c.1510-1572) english judge and politician, solicitor general 1557-59 and justice of common pleas 1559-72. in january 1555 weston purchased, for the sum of £280, the manor of skreens in the hamlet of roxwell, which he made his principal residence; the purchase in the present document presumably being contingent upon this. weston is buried in writtle church. his grandson and namesake, the 1st earl of portland (1577-1634/35) served as chancellor of the exchequer and later lord treasurer under both king james i and king charles i, and was one of the most influential figures in the early years of charles i's personal rule.the other party to the transaction, john lindsell (d.1558) was a local clerk of assize.an act for the marriage of queen mary to philip of spain was passed by the english parliament in april 1554 and, in reality, served as a business contract between england and spain, specifying what spain could effect from the union, while at the same time giving assurances that england would not become a satellite of spain. under the terms of the marriage treaty, philip was to enjoy his wife's titles and honours as king of england and ireland for as long as their marriage should last. all official documents were to be dated with both their names (with philip's preceding mary's, as deemed proper for husband and wife, evident in the present example).mary i, the only child of king henry viii and his first wife catherine of aragon to survive to adulthood, ascended to the throne in 1553 upon the death of her younger half-brother king edward vi who had succeeded their father in 1547. the fourth crowned monarch of the tudor dynasty, mary is remembered for her restoration of roman catholicism. in the five years of her reign over 280 religious dissenters were burned at the stake, the executions of the protestants leading to her posthumous sobriquet 'bloody mary'."},"estimateMax":5000,"lotNumber":"5","title":{"es":"[philip & mary]: [philip ii] (1527-1598) king of spain 1556-98, king of portugal 1581-98 & king of england and ireland jure uxoris 1554-58 & [mary i] (1516-1558) queen of england 1553-58 & queen consort of spain 1556-58."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111286/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":4000,"soldPrice":4000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.390Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£4,000 - £5,000","currency":"GBP","id":111286,"estimateMin":4000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111287/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"rare l.s., ita est u[go], one page, 4to, rome, n.d. (c.1576-77), to [fantino petrignani] the prefect of the sacred palaces, in latin. the letter, written in a small clerical hand, refers to some administrative proceedings. bearing the countersignature of an unidentified papal official. some very light, minor age wear and a few very small areas of paper loss to the edges, not affecting the text or signatures, otherwise vgfantino petrignani (1539-1600) italian archbishop. in 1576 pope gregory xiii appointed petrignani to be prefect of the sacred palaces and later promoted him to archbishop of cosenza. in 1580 he was appointed apostolic nuncio in the kingdom of naples and spain and also held positions under two other popes.in 1572 cardinal boncompagni, on becoming pope, assumed the name of gregory xiii in hommage to the great reformimg pope gregory i. unlike most of his predecessors, gregory xiii lived a faultless personal life, and was a model for his simplicity of life. he built the magnificent gregorian chapel in the basilica of st. peter, however pope gregory xiii is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally accepted civil calendar to this day."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"6","title":{"es":"gregory xiii: (1502-1585) pope of the roman catholic church 1572-85."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111287/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.391Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111287,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111288/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111288/8/8.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine d.s., le card de richelieu, one page (vellum), slim oblong folio, garonne(?), 2nd april 1636, in old french. the attractively penned manuscript document appoints baron d´allemagne to be chief commander of the squadron of provence, naval army of the west, and states, in part, `his majesty having instructed to put at our disposal his very powerful naval army, including numerous war vessels and those of his subjects to fight against his enemies, we have judged that it was most important in order to serve his majesty that the appointment of the head commander of the provence squadron would be granted to an individual with long experience and whose proven capacity and bravery would be known to us.....we have therefore, by his majesty orders and power, granted instructions to bestow upon you the honour, authority and privileges for such duty, instructing, ordering and signing the present document with the seal of our coat of arms...´ signed at the foot by cardinal richelieu in his capacity as naval superintendent of the navigation and commerce of france. with richelieu's (largely intact) red wax seal affixed by the original pendent strip. the seal, as mentioned, bears richelieu's coat of arms and features a good impression of the three chevrons de gueules. a small area to the lower left corner of the document has been neatly clipped, not affecting the text or signatures, otherwise vgbaron jean louis d´allemagne had previously served as a general under the duke of savoy and returned to provence and to the french royal court in 1635 at which time cardinal de richelieu appointed him naval commander of the fleet, created specifically for the lerins islands conflict.richelieu was consecrated as a bishop in 1607 and appointed foreign secretary in 1616, soon rising in both the catholic church and french government, becoming a cardinal in 1622. he served as king louis xiii's chief minister from 1624, remaining in office until his death in 1642. ricelieu's tenure oversaw a crucial period of reform for france and his policies of consolidating royal power, crushing domestic factions and restraining the power of the nobility led to the transformation of france into a strong, centralised state. notable for his authoritarian measures employed to maintain power, richelieu censored the press, established a large network of internal spies and forbade the discussion of political matters in public assemblies; those who dared to conspire against him were prosecuted and executed. his legacy is also important for the world at large; his ideas of a strong nation-state and aggressive foreign policy helped create the modern system of international politics. the notions of national sovereignty and international law can be traced, at least in part, to richelieu's policies and theories. the cardinal is one of the leading characters in alexandre dumas' masterpiece the three musketeers, in which he is portrayed as a self-serving and ruthless de facto ruler of france."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"7","title":{"es":"richelieu cardinal de: (1585-1642) armand jean du plessis. french clergyman and statesman, chief minister of king louis xiii 1624-42."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111288/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.392Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111288,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111289/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111289/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., henriette marie, one page, small 4to, n.p., n.d., to henry rich, lord holland ('mon cousin'), in french. the queen consort writes 'i am extremely distressed that my letter should have to begin on such a sad note as the need to commiserate with you on your loss. i take an interest in everything which affects you as you are someone i hold in the greatest esteem. i will not write more but will tell you more [later] and also hear news of your meeting'. written in her distinctive hand, henrietta maria has struck through several words of text and made other alterations. with integral address leaf addressed in her hand, 'a mon cousin, le comte de holand', and bearing two small red wax seals and pink coloured threads. small areas of identical paper loss to the right edge of each page, just affecting a few words of text, and possibly caused when the letter was originally opened. a few small areas of light staining, otherwise about vghenry rich (1590-1649) 1st earl of holland. english courtier, peer and soldier. in 1623, as baron kensington, rich had been involved in the negotiations with the french which concluded with the marriage of king charles i to henrietta maria. he is recorded as having displayed 'a penchant for political dealings with women'. he was one of the many lovers of marie de rohan, the veteran of french court intrigue. serving as her high steward, rich's relationship with henrietta maria as queen consort of england blossomed in the 1630s, from which time the present letter most likely dates.the fifteen-year-old henrietta maria married king charles i by proxy on 11th may 1625, shortly after his accession to the throne. her roman catholicism made her unpopular in england and she never had a coronation. the queen consort immersed herself in national affairs as civil war loomed, and was compelled to seek refuge in france in 1644. the execution of king charles in 1649 left her impoverished. the mother of his two immediate successors, king charles ii and king james ii, henrietta maria returned to england after the restoration although returned again to paris in 1665, where she died four years later."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"8","title":{"es":"henrietta maria of france: (1609-1669) queen consort of england, scotland & ireland 1625-49. wife of king charles i."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111289/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":750,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.394Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,000","currency":"GBP","id":111289,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111290/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"portion of a d.s., oliver p, as protector, at the base, one page (vellum), 8vo, n.p. (london), n.d. (1657), to [the commissioners]. the portion is the left half of a manuscript warrant instructing the commissioners to make a payment out of the first moneys received 'by vertue of a certaine act made in the parliament\u2026 past in the year one thousand six hundred fiftie & si[x]\u2026 in and about the suburbs of london and within tenn mil[es thereof\u2026to our]\u2026 welbeloved sr. john wollaston knight and alderman ... fyve thousand pounds to our ... generalls at sea' and 'foure thousand pounds to william smithyer'. lacking the seal and the right half of each line of text. some overall staining and age wear, largely to the left edge and only slightly affecting a few words of text, cromwell's signature largely unaffected and perfectly legible. about gthe parliamentary act (passed on 26th june 1657) referred to in the present document was created in order to prevent the multiplicity of buildings in and about the suburbs of london and within ten miles of the same, and commenced 'whereas the great and excessive number of houses, edifices, out-houses and cotages erected and new built in and about the suburbs of the city of london, and the parts thereunto adjoyning, is found to be very mischievous and inconvenient, and a great annoyance and nusance to the common-wealth', it was in effect a barely concealed device to raise money. a commission was to collect, starting with one half on 29th september 1657, one year's rent of the 'full improved value' of all properties of less than four acres built since 1620, with many interesting exceptions, such as for the hospitals and for the developments in covent garden and lincoln's inn fields.sir john wollaston (d. 1658) english merchant, lord mayor of london 1643. he was elected alderman for bridge without ward in 1657.provenance: the present partial document is accompanied by an 8vo page removed from an album, featuring an image of cromwell and with a manuscript annotation in the hand of a collector stating, in part, 'this parchment document was sent to me by rev. hy thos scott m.d. oxford, england. he obtained it from the famous collection of john walker, london. vide certificate [no longer present] j b westley.'oliver cromwell entered the english civil war (1642-51) on the side of the 'roundheads' and quickly rose through the ranks to become one of the principal commanders of the new model army, playing an important role in the defeat of the royalist forces, is one of the most controversial figures in the history of the british isles, considered by some a regicidal dictator (he was one of the signatories of king charles i's death warrant in 1649), thought of as a military dictator by winston churchill, but a hero of liberty by john milton and thomas carlyle, and a class revolutionary by leon trotsky. cromwell was selected as one of the ten greatest britons of all time in a 2002 bbc poll."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"9","title":{"es":"cromwell oliver: (1599-1658) lord protector of the commonwealth of england, scotland & ireland 1653-58."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111290/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":3300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.395Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111290,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111291/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine d.s., rupert, one page, 8vo, n.p., 3rd november 1679. the manuscript document is a receipt in which the prince acknowledges that he has 'received of thomas bennett esqe. the sum of fifteene hundred pounds: being in full for my two pencons due at mich[aelma]s last\u2026.'. boldly signed at the foot. with blank integral leaf. some very light, extremely minor age wear, otherwise a clean and attractive document. vgprince rupert had a varied career, becoming a soldier at a young age who, at 23 years, was appointed commander of the royalist cavalry during the english civil war and thus becoming the archetypal cavalier and ultimately the senior royalist general. following the restoration, prince rupert returned to england and, having retired from his military and naval career, pursued his interest in scientific research. the prince was the third founding member of the royal society, being referred to by his contemporaries as a 'philosophic warrior', and many of his inventions were of a military nature. rupert is credited with developing a form of gunpowder which, when demonstrated to the royal society in 1663, had a force of over ten times that of regular powder."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"10","title":{"es":"rupert of the rhine: (1619-1682) german prince, a noted soldier, admiral, scientist, sportsman & colonial governor. nephew of king charles i of england."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111291/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.397Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111291,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111292/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111292/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., james r, as king, at the head, one page, folio, court at whitehall, london, 11th april 1685. the manuscript warrant is addressed to francis, lord guilford, keeper of the great seal, and states, in part, 'whereas our most deare brother the late king deceased did by his letters patents bearing date the 12th day of january last past grant the deanary and church of bristoll with all its rights and priviledges unto richard thompson ... who was instituted thereunto, but the mandate for his instalment becoming voyd by the demise of our said most deare brother, the said dr thompson hath humbly besought us to direct a new mandate', further requesting lord guilford to direct 'the canons of the said church to install the said deane ... in pursuance of our said most deare brothers royall intention\u2026' so as 'the same might have been done & compleated if the demise ... had not hapned ...' countersigned ('sunderland') at the foot robert spencer (1641-1702) 2nd earl of sunderland. english nobleman and statesman, secretary of state for the southern department 1682-88. with blind embossed seal at the head. with blank integral leaf. an attractive, clean document. vga fine, early document signed by king james just two months into his reign.francis north (1637-1685) 1st baron guilford. british lawyer, lord keeper of the great seal 1682-85, succeeding lord nottingham.richard thompson, english vicar of st. mary redcliffe in bristol. king charles ii had presented him to the deanery of bristol on 12th may 1684, and again on 7th january 1685 owing to a clerical error. he was instituted on 2nd february (that is, to the temporalities of his post) but king charles died on the 6th february 1685, just four days later. thompson was re-instituted by the present document, and installed by the cathedral chapter on 24th may 1685, but himself died the following 29th november 1685.james ii and vii was the last roman catholic monarch to reign over the kingdoms of england, scotland and ireland. king james is remembered for his struggles with the english parliament and his attempts to create religious liberty for english roman catholics and protestant nonconformists, against the wishes of the anglican establishment. parliament, opposed to the growth of absolutism that was occurring in other european countries, as well as to the loss of legal supremacy of the church of england, saw their opposition as a way to preserve what they regarded as traditional english liberties. this tension made king james's four-year reign a struggle for supremacy between the english parliament and the crown, resulting in his deposition in the glorious revolution of 1688, and the passage of the bill of rights (1689)."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"11","title":{"es":"james ii & vii: (1633-1701) king of england & ireland and king of scotland (as james vii) 1685-88."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111292/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":2200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.392Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111292,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111293/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111293/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an attractive d.s., chr. wren, (twice), two pages, large folio, chelsea, 15th october & 12th november 1700. the neatly and boldly penned document is a page (numbered 161 and 162 at the head of each side) removed from the official ledger of the royal hospital in chelsea and is an 'abstract of the expense of provisions' for the two months in which wren, in his capacity as a commissioner of the hospital, and two other commissioners, viscount ranelagh (paymaster of the forces) and sir stephen fox (commissioner of the treasury) authorise ralph cooke, treasurer of the hospital, to pay various sums to listed individuals in payment for their provisions, the total payable for september being £510.14s.6¾d and for october £459.14s.1¾d. each of the tradespeople have individually signed the document as confirmation of having been paid, and include charles hudson, butcher (£159.12s.8d), thomas marston, baker (£63.19s.8d), john england, brewer (£72.18s.11d), robert madock, cheesemonger (£80.10s.7¼d), john gill, whitster (£74.14s.3½d; a whitster supplying bleach for whitening clothes), elizabeth hastings, tallow-chandler (£6.14s.9¼d; a tallow-chandler supplying candles made from animal fats), barthalina fells, lamps (£6.16s.9d) and henry powell, steward (£45.6s.10d). individually signed by wren, ranelagh and fox to either side of the document. an interesting and very handsome document. some extremely light, very minor age wear to the extreme edges, not affecting the text or signature, vgrichard jones (1641-1712) 1st earl of ranelagh. irish peer & politician. paymaster of the forces 1685-1702. ranelagh was expelled from the house of commons in 1703 when discrepancies were found in his accounts as paymaster, and he was discovered to have appropriated more than £900,000 of public funds.sir stephen fox (1627-1716) english politician. paymaster of the forces 1661-76 and 1679-80. fox founded the royal hospital chelsea, from where the present document originates, to which he contributed £13,000. unlike some other statesman of his day, fox grew rich in the service of the nation without being suspected of corruption or forfeiting the esteem of his contemporaries.the royal hospital at chelsea was founded by king charles ii in 1682 as a retreat for veterans and opened its doors to the chelsea pensioners a decade later (mismanagement by ranelagh, a signatory to the present document had caused the delay). wren was responsible for designing the hospital and the hospital's chapel is a fine and rare example of the architect's pure ecclesiastical work.sir christopher wren is one of the most highly acclaimed english architects in history, responsible for rebuilding many churches in the city of london following the great fire in 1666, including his masterpiece, st. paul's cathedral, completed in 1710. wren was also a noted astronomer, mathematician and physicist whose work was highly regarded by isaac newton. a founder of the royal society, wren served as its president from 1680-82."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"12","title":{"es":"wren christopher: (1632-1723) english architect."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111293/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.394Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111293,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111294/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., marlborough, one page, folio, office of ordnance [london], 1st february 1702/3. the manuscript document is addressed to the right honourable john granville, lieutenant general of her majesties ordnance and is a warrant of approval for alexander fort jnr. to be employed as a joiner at the ordnance. countersigned at the foot by james craggs (1657-1721) secretary to the master-general of the ordnance. with blind embossed paper seal affixed. some light overall discoloration and age wear, creasing and some small tears, only slightly affecting the text, but not the signature. with a portion of the lower right corner of the document neatly excised. accompanied by a small selection of unsigned printed ephemera and vintage postcards relating to marlborough. about g, 7alexander fort jnr. son of alexander fort who held high office as master joiner in the late 17th century and was one of the most noted of sir christopher wren's group.at the time of the present document marlborough was master-general of the ordnance, responsible for all british artillery, engineers, fortifications, military supplies, transport and field hospitals.marlborough's career spanned the reigns of five monarchs, reaching the zenith of his powers and securing his fame and fortune upon the accession of queen anne in 1702, the present document being signed in the first year of her reign. through his sheer force of personality marlborough raised the standing of british arms to a level not known since the middle ages, his victories allowing britain to rise from a minor to a major power, ensuring the country's growing prosperity throughout the 18th century."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"13","title":{"es":"marlborough duke of: (1650-1722) john churchill. english soldier and statesman. commander-in-chief of the forces 1690-91, 1702-08."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111294/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.395Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111294,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111295/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111295/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine l.s., yo el rey, with three lines of holograph text at the conclusion, two pages, folio, el buen retiro palace, madrid, 25th april 1705, to marquis jacques de puységur, in spanish. king philip v states `i have received your letter reporting the positive news regarding the location of most of the enemy´s troops, and that they were ready to start military operations close to badajoz. because the marquis was without enough troops to resist or defend an invasion, i decided to send an extraordinary envoy to maréchal de tessé, instructing him, notwithstanding the king, my grandfather, orders for him to march straight to extremadura where, according to these days reports, their presence is more necessary´ further adding `i specifically order that as soon as you receive this letter, you march to extremadura with all the french troops located in the old-castile\u2026.and you will only leave to defend castile all the infantry and cavalry spanish troops.´ he concludes `i expect your zeal, and knowing that you are dealing with an affair which the king and i consider of the utmost interest, you will not delay a single instant in the prompt accomplishment of all orders instructed, and that you will report back on all you achieved´. beneath his signature the king has added a further, severe instruction in his own hand, `the situation is too much under pressure, it´s not the time for you to have fun playing roles: therefore i want that you obey me absolutely and with no delay´. a letter of good content. with integral address leaf, bearing the remnants of a seal. vgjacques françois de chastenet de puységur (1656-1743) marquis de puységur. french lieutenant général and military tutor of king louis xv. appointed marshal of france in 1734.rené mans iv de froullay (1681-1746) marquis of lavardin and tessé, grandee of spain. appointed marshal in 1707.louis xiv (1638-1715) king of france 1643-1715. the longest reigning monarch in european history. grandfather of king philip v.the spanish city of badajoz, in extremadura, was besieged in october 1705 during the war of the spanish succession 1701-15. triggered by the death of the childless king charles ii of spain, the major european conflict was to determine who should be the next king of spain and whether a bourbon or a habsburg would take control of spain's very extensive possessions. it was well known that the union of france and spain under one monarch would upset the balance of power in europe, such that other european powers would take steps to prevent it. the war concluded with the treaty of utrecht which forbade any future possibility of unifying the french and spanish thrones.philip v, duke of anjou, was born at the palace of versailles and was the heir apparent to the throne of france. the grandson of king louis xiv, philip was the first member of the house of bourbon to rule as king of spain. the sum of his two reigns is the longest in modern spanish history."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"14","title":{"es":"philip v: (1683-1746) king of spain 1700-24 & 1724-46."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111295/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.397Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111295,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111296/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., elisavet, as tsesarevna, in cyrillic, one page, folio, st. petersburg, 14th november 1737, in cyrillic. the boldly penned manuscript document is a decree stating 'on this date there has been transferred from our patrimonial office to our room the sum of 200 roubles: of which you are to take account'. annotated at the foot in another hand with instructions to record the transaction and to 'inform the expenditure department of her highness' decree'. some extremely minor, very light age wear at the edges of the document, vgthe daughter of peter the great, empress elizabeth led her country into the two major european conflicts of her reign, the war of austrian succession (1740-48) and the seven years' war (1756-63) but is also recognised for the exorbitant sums of money she spent on the grandiose baroque projects of her favourite architect, bartolomeo rastrelli, particularly in peterhof and tsarskoye selo, and the winter palace and the smolny cathedral in saint petersburg are among the chief monuments of her reign. elizabeth remains one of the most popular russian monarchs due to her strong opposition to prussian policies and her decision not to execute a single person during her reign."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"15","title":{"es":"elizabeth petrovna: (1709-1762) empress of russia 1741-62."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111296/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":3000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.399Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111296,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111297/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an interesting autograph manuscript, unsigned, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (c.1746), in french. the page of manuscript, with a couple of alterations in rousseau's hand, is from his unpublished work relating to the history of women which he prepared between 1746-51 for his benefactress louise marie madeleine dupin. rousseau writes his text in the right column of the page, the left reserved for additional notes, the present manuscript annotated in his hand 'ordonn[ance]: des r[ois] de fr[ance]\u2026p.205'. in his text rousseau writes regarding king philippe le long of 1317, stating '\u2026by letters given to the abbess\u2026of cusset, who previously had given to the king half of the justice and duties that they had and received in their village during the fairs\u2026granting them that the abbess will in future decide on her own behalf of belongings and not him nor any successor king will be able to remove such right.´ vgphilip v (c.1292/1293-1322) king of france and navarre 1316-22, known as 'philippe le long'.cusset is situated in the department of allier, auvergne, close to vichy, in the central region of france. the abbess rousseau refers to was the superior of a female community of nuns from the order of st. benoit.rousseau's political philosophy influenced the enlightenment in france and across europe. his sentimental novel julie, or the new heloise (1761) was of importance to the development of romanticism in fiction and his discourse of inequality (1754) and the social contract (1762) are cornerstones in modern political and social thought. during the period of the french revolution rousseau was the most popular of the philosophes among members of the jacobin club. rousseau was interred as a national hero in the pantheon in paris in 1794, sixteen years after his death."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"16","title":{"es":"rousseau jean-jacques: (1712-1778) french writer and philosopher."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111297/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":500,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.400Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£500 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111297,"estimateMin":500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111298/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., friedrich, one page, 4to, berlin, 18th february 1741, to his minister of state [samuel von] marschall, in german. the king writes to von marschall in regard to his report of the 16th februray 'relating to the two known portraits' and confirms that 'i have given the order to the treasury council to pay the expenditure of 13660 taler from our budget.´ with blank integral leaf. about exsamuel von marschall (1683-1749) prussian finance minister who served under both frederick i and frederick ii. marschall was one of the most important political figures of his time.frederick the great's most significant accomplishments during his 46 year reign (the longest of any hohenzollern king) include his military victories, his reorganization of prussian armies, his patronage of the arts and the enlightenment in prussia, as well as his final success in the seven years' war, against great odds."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"17","title":{"es":"frederick ii: (1712-1786) king of prussia 1740-86, known as frederick the great."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111298/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.402Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111298,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111299/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"rare a.l.s., with his initial `v´, one page, 8vo, les délices, 23rd november n.y. (1755-60 during which time voltaire lived at les délices, his residence in geneva), to an unidentified correspondent, evidently another writer, in french. voltaire begins his letter by referring to his correspondent's novel ('vous aviez sans doute commencé le roman par la queue') and further writes `people say that the 24 thousand soldiers will march and that the russians are already wading in the prussian snows. if this is true, send a message\u2026´. voltaire concludes by asking his correspondent to forward his letter to some colleagues in their own country, and sends his regards ('je vous embrasse de mon hermitage'). with blank integral leaf. some light creasing and two extremely small holes in the left margin, not affecting the text or signature, vgvoltaire's reference to the large number of soldiers is in relation to the seven years' war (1754-63) which was being fought at the time. it involved every european great power of the time except the ottoman empire, spanning five continents, and affected europe, the americas, west africa, india, and the philippines. the conflict split europe into two coalitions, led by the kingdom of great britain on one side and the kingdom of france on the other. for the first time, aiming to curtail britain and prussia's ever-growing might, france formed a grand coalition of its own, which ended with failure as great britain rose as the world's predominant power, altering the european balance of power.voltaire, the french enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher was famous for his wit, his attacks on the established catholic church, and his advocacy of freedom of religion, freedom of speech and the separation of church and state. a versatile writer, he produced works in almost every literary form."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"18","title":{"es":"voltaire: (1694-1778) françois-marie arouet. french enlightenment writer and philosopher."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111299/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.403Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111299,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111300/1/1.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent a.l.s., catherine, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (december 1765), to count von münnich, in french. the empress states 'i am very satisfied learning that the horrors of the tradesman\u2026.and his fellows of iniquity have been uncovered. continue with this affair in the same way you have been doing since the beginning. ´ she continues `here it is not as cold as it was the first days\u2026. but the path between town and here could harm someone convalescent. i am getting better and will return soon', further concluding `you might say that the empire will not suffer because of my stay here´ with blank integral leaf. lightly mounted and matted in light beige, and framed and glazed in a decorative frame to an overall size of 14 x 16. vgcount burkhard christoph von münnich (1683-1767) german soldier and engineer, a field marshal of the russian empire. münnich was the major russian army reformer and founder of several elite military formations and also became involved in the politics of the russian empire. as a statesman, he is regarded as the founder of russian philhellenism, and served under peter the great, catherine i, peter ii, anna of russia, peter iii and catherine ii.catherine the great, the most renowned and the longest-ruling female leader of russia, came to power following a coup d´état when her husband, peter iii, was assassinated. russia was revitalised during her reign, growing larger and stronger than ever and becoming recognised as one of the great powers of europe. as a patron of the arts she presided over the age of the russian enlightenment and the catherinian era is often considered the golden age of the russian empire."},"estimateMax":4000,"lotNumber":"19","title":{"es":"catherine ii: (1729-1796) empress of russia 1762-96, known as catherine the great."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111300/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":4600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.405Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - £4,000","currency":"GBP","id":111300,"estimateMin":3000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111301/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111301/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"rare a.n., unsigned, two pages, 8vo, n.p., n.d. (1771), in french. de sade's note appears at the foot of a brief set of accounts (also in his hand) relating to paulet [thomas paulet, mayor of the village of lacoste and a trusted friend of de sade] and totalling 400 florins. the list of expenses includes payments for wood, jars of oil and for the builders of a park. de sade's note states, in part, 'as you can see, it wasn´t worth making this unnecessary action for the poor man of the chapel, that is a mocking on people just for the pleasure of mocking, and this is a discredit\u2026.', further remarking `if he would have been someone who could afford to pay\u2026you wouldn´t have proceeded this way, am i right?' some very light, extremely minor age wear, vgthe present note was written by sade and given to jean antoine fage, a french lawyer who served as de sade's financial administrator. in 1774 fage was dismissed for connivance with mme de montreuil, de sade's mother-in-law, in organising the police raid of 6th january at the lacoste castle.de sade, the french aristocrat, revolutionary politician, philosopher and writer, remains infamous for his libertine sexuality and is best known for his erotic works depicting sexual fantasies with an emphasis on violence and blasphemy against the catholic church. incarcerated in various prisons and an insane asylum for over 30 years of his life, many of de sade's works were written in prison. the words sadism and sadist are derived from his name."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"20","title":{"es":"sade marquis de : (1740-1814) donatien alphonse françois de sade. french writer and philosopher."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111301/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.406Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111301,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111302/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111302/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., georguis r, with holograph subscription ('maj:tis v:ro bonus frater, consanguineus et amicus', in latin), one page, folio, st. james's, 30th june 1772, to king ferdinand i of the two sicilies, in latin. king george iii acknowledges the receipt of his correspondent's communication announcing the news of the birth of a princess whom the queen, his spouse, with the help of divine providence, has brought into the world and continues to send his good wishes for the happiness of the newly born princess and for the prosperity of the king's entire family. countersigned at the foot by william nassau de zuylestein (1717-1781) 4th earl of rochford. british courtier, diplomat and statesman, secretary of state for the southern department 1770-75. with integral address leaf with a blind embossed paper seal affixed (small area of paper loss at the base of the page, caused by the original breaking of the seal). an attractive letter featuring an elegant example of king george iii's signature. vgferdinand i (1751-1825) king of the two sicilies 1816-25, previously king ferdinand iv of the kingdom of naples 1759-99, 1799-1806 & 1815-16 and king ferdinand iii of the kingdom of sicily 1759-1816.maria theresa of naples and sicily (1772-1807) eldest daughter of king ferdinand i of the two sicilies and his wife, marie caroline of austria (1752-1814). the princess was born on 6th june 1772 and later served as the last holy roman empress (1792-1806) and the first empress of austria (1804-07).king george iii's reign, longer than that of any british monarch before him, was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdoms. great britain defeated france in the seven years' war, becoming the dominant european power in north america and india. however, many of britain's american colonies were soon lost in the american war of independence. further wars against revolutionary and napoleonic france from 1793 concluded in the defeat of napoleon bonaparte at the battle of waterloo in 1815."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"21","title":{"es":"george iii: (1738-1820) king of the united kingdom 1760-1820."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111302/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.817Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111302,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111303/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., c. j. fox, one page, folio, st. james's, 29th march 1782, to sir william hamilton, marked 'no.1' to the upper left corner. fox informs his correspondent that, following the resignation of viscount stormont, king george iii has 'been pleased to appoint me to be one of his majesty's principal secretaries of state' and, as such, 'make a new arrangement in the departments by conferring that for domestick affairs and the colonies on the earl of shelburne, and entrusting me with the sole direction of the department for foreign affairs'. fox adds that in the future hamilton should address his letters to him, and that 'i shall not fail to lay regularly before the king' those letters 'and to transmit to you such orders and instructions as his majesty shall think proper to give for your guidance and direction'. with blank integral leaf. some very light, extremely minor dust staining and age wear, vgsir william hamilton (1730-1803) scottish diplomat who served as british ambassador to the kingdom of naples from 1764-1800. hamilton's second wife was emma hamilton, the mistress of horatio nelson.as the present letter confirms, fox was appointed as secretary of state for foreign affairs two days earlier on 27th march 1782. he served in the post until 5th july of the same year and was later reappointed from april-december 1783 and february-september 1806.great britain's prime minister, lord north, resigned in march 1782 as a result of the strains of office and the disastrous american war, and was replaced by the new ministry of the marquess of rockingham, under whose administration fox was first appointed as secretary of state for foreign affairs. rockingham died unexpectedly on 1st july 1782 and fox refused to serve in the successor administration of the earl of shelburne. the ensuing political turmoil culminated in the fox-north coalition which came to power on 2nd april 1783, representing the first occasion when king george iii had been allowed no role in determining who should hold government office.charles james fox, the arch-rival of william pitt the younger, rose to prominence in the house of commons as a forceful and eloquent speaker with a notorious and colourful private life. in a parliamentary career spanning almost forty years fox's opinions evolved into some of the most radical ever to be aired in the parliament of his era."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"22","title":{"es":"fox charles james: (1749-1806) british statesman."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111303/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.818Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111303,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111304/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111304/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., casanova, two pages (written on the first and third sides of the conjugate leaves), 4to, prague, 18th may 1788, to count antonio collalto ('your excellency, my beloved lord') in vienna, in italian. casanova announces `this modern evil called grippe, after travelling through the austrian capital, did not forgive the bohemian capital and caught me, obliging me to attend v[ostra] e[ccellenza] with such an ungrateful appearance; but thank god, v e is free of it, not me, i am in bed´ further remarking `i have here with me your precious letters dated 10th and 13th, but with my headache i am unable to remember if i have already answered to the first or not, so in order not to fail, i´ll answer to both of them.´ casanova continues to refer to some books sent to his correspondent and also to some other individuals, `i understand, according to your letter, that you have received the box with the books, and i read also and appreciate the news regarding the call from the french ambassador´s to venice, and as a consequence the imbroglio with naples, an affair on which i fully ignore the cause. according to your second letter i understand that with your usual excess of goodness, v.e. went personally to deliver to countess clari-ligne the volumes, and that you refused to accept the nine guilders. v.e. acted wisely, nevertheless i will write today to the prince of liechtenstein who knows me, and i hope that all will be taken care of in a noble way.´ he further writes `my brother wrote to me and he praised your kindness in sending the thirty volumes, and promised he will send the money to you as soon as he will receive it from the associates\u2026 count waldstein has the first 72 copies\u2026and my brother promises he will get 24 more associates....´ casanova concludes his letter `additionally to all mentioned, i beg you to send me on the 27th of the present month the money you may have for me as i have to pay a bill of exchange before the end of the month. the third volume was welcomed here with applause and allowed me to get eight more associates. the king´s speech on page 261 pleased a lot.´ an attractive, boldly penned letter. a few very minor, insignificant holes to some words of text, evidently caused by the ink burning the paper, otherwise vgcount antonio collalto - italian nobleman and military officer.aloys i (1759-1805) prince of liechtenstein. he expanded the liechtenstein library through the purchase of complete collections of books.joseph karl emanuel waldstein (1755-1814) count waldstein. casanova spent the last years of his life in bohemia as a librarian in count waldstein's household, where he also wrote the story of his life.casanova's autobiography, histoire de ma vie, is regarded as one of the most authentic sources of the customs and norms of european social life during the 18th century. casanova is remembered today for his often elaborate and complicated affairs with women and his name is synonymous with 'womanisers'. he associated himself with european royalty, popes and cardinals as well as luminaries including voltaire, goethe and mozart."},"estimateMax":15000,"lotNumber":"23","title":{"es":"casanova giacomo: (1725-1798) italian author and adventurer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111304/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":10000,"soldPrice":10000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.820Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£10,000 - £15,000","currency":"GBP","id":111304,"estimateMin":10000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111305/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111305/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., louis, as king, at the conclusion, two pages (vellum), folio, versailles, may 1786, in french. the document is a letters patent addressed to the bishop of st. brieuc, authorising him to purchase, according to the king´s derogation, some properties which were pending the decisions of the court, and which the bishop claims he requires, stating '..the bishop of st. brieuc has explained in his request of 26th march 1785 that he has begun to re-build his epicospal palace which is in ruins, that he would need to have enough space to create a courtyard and a second lower courtyard with a sufficient extension because at the present date he does not have the sufficient space....and that he will not be able to obtain it unless he can acquire two houses..´ further explaining `according to all said, and having seen the sale contracts, the council has approved and permits, and we sign the present document, authorising the bishop of st. brieuc to exercise the feudal revocation and to purchase the aforementioned properties.' with several countersignatures at the conclusion of the document, including those of louis charles auguste le tonnelier de breteuil and armand thomas hue de miromesnil. some overall age wear and dust staining and some small areas of paper loss (just affecting a few words of text) to the right edge and a neat, irregular tear to the lower left corner, not affecting the text or signatures, about ghugues-françois de regnauld de bellescize (1732-1796) french clergyman, bishop of the catholic church of st. brieuc from 1774.louis charles auguste le tonnelier de breteuil (1730-1807) french aristocrat, diplomat, statesman & politician. he was the last prime minister of the bourbon monarchy, appointed by king louis xvi just one hundred hours before the storming of the bastille.armand thomas hue de miromesnil (1723-1796) french minister, keeper of the seals under king louis xvi.king louis xvi, the husband of marie antoinette, daughter of the emperor and empress of austria, succeeded his grandfather, louis xv, as king of france in 1774. french support of the colonists in the american war of independence had brought the country to the verge of bankruptcy and the king initially supported attempts by his ministers to relieve france's financial problems. meanwhile, accusations of frivolity, extravagance and scandalous behaviour against the queen, marie antoinette, further discredited the monarchy. in 1789, to avert the deepening crisis, louis agreed to summon the 'estates-general' (a form of parliament, but without real power) in order to try and raise taxes. this was the first time the body had met since 1614. angered by louis' refusal to allow the three estates - the first (clergy), second (nobles) and third (commons) - to meet simultaneously, the third estate proclaimed itself a national assembly, declaring that only it had the right to represent the nation. rumours that the king intended to suppress the assembly provoked the popular storming of the bastille prison, a symbol of repressive royal power, on 14 july 1789. in october, louis and his family were forced by the mob to return to paris from their palace at versailles. in june 1791, they attempted to escape, which was considered proof of louis' treasonable dealings with foreign powers. he was forced to accept a new constitution, thereby establishing a constitutional monarchy. nonetheless, against a background of military defeat by austria and prussia, the revolutionary leadership was becoming increasingly radicalised. in september 1792, the new national convention abolished the monarchy and declared france a republic. louis was found guilty of treason and executed at the guillotine on 21 january 1793, bringing to an end more than a thousand years of continuous french monarchy. marie antoinette was executed nine months later."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"24","title":{"es":"louis xvi: (1754-1793) king of france and navarre 1774-1791, king of the french 1791-92. the only king of france to have been executed."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111305/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.821Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111305,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111306/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111306/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare and exceptional l.s., robespierre, (and also by four other members of the committee of public safety), two pages, 4to, paris, 16th june 1794, to [pierre-rene] choudieu and [joseph-etienne] richard, on the printed stationery of the committee of public safety, war department, in french. the letter states `we expect, dear colleagues and representatives of the citizenship, that the city of ypres will have capitulated when this letter will reach you. if however the enemy would persist in defending the city and you would have to negotiate the conditions of their surrender, you are free to fix them in the best way you will consider and find convenient according to the national dignity, accelerating this way the important victory we must not let escape.´ further specifying `the decree which states that we will not take english nor hanovrien prisoners does not affect the hesse people, you must take them prisoners and exchange the others against the same number of our soldiers and sailors. regarding the emigrants there is no way or option of pardon..´ robespierre and the members of the committee further order `inmediately after ypres´ surrender you must do the same with nieuport and besiege ostende.´ and instruct `do not forget to take hostages among the important persons devoted to the imperial party...take the bruges warehouses, and bring the terror to ghent', further concluding `you will soon become the absolute masters of the maritime flanders.' countersigned at the conclusion by lazare carnot ('carnot'), georges couthon ('couthon'), jean-marie collot d'herbois ('collot d'herbois') and jacques nicolas billaud-varenne ('billaud varenne'). with blank integral leaf. a letter of excellent historical content signed by the four instrumental figures of the reign of terror. some light overall foxing and signs of age wear, the central vertical fold strengthened in places with clear tape and some small areas of paper loss and minor tears at the edges, most of which have been professionally repaired. none of the faults affect the signatures. gthe present letter was signed by robespierre and couthon just over a month before their executions, by guillotine, at the young ages of 36 and 38 respectively.pierre-rene choudieu (1761-1838) french politician, a member of the convention and a deputy to the legislative assembly. he voted for the death of the king and contributed to the fall of the girondins. choudieu was accussed of complicity in the insurrection of 1st april 1795 and imprisoned.joseph-etienne richard (1761-1834) french politician, a member of the convention and the legislative assembly.lazare carnot (1753-1823) french politician, engineer, freemason and mathematician. the 'organiser of victory' in the french revolutionary wars. president of the national convention may - june 1794 and a member of the committee of public safety 1793-94.georges couthon (1755-1794) french politician and lawyer, known for his service as a deputy on the legislative assembly during the french revolution. president of the national convention 1793-94 and a member of the committee of public safety 1793-94.jean-marie collot d´herbois (1749-1796) french actor, dramatist and revolutionary. president of the national convention june 1793 and a member of the committee of public safety 1793-94. although he saved madame tussaud from the guillotine, d'herbois administered the execution of more than 2,000 people in the city of lyon during the reign of terror.jacques nicolas billaud-varenne (1756-1819) french revolutionary, an instrumental figure during the reign of terror. president of the national convention september 1793 and president of the committee of public safety july - september 1794.the committee of public safety was created in april 1793 by the national convention and then restructured in july 1793, and formed the de facto executive government in france during the reign of terror. a forceful unit during the french revolution, the committee reached the height of its powers between august 1793 and july 1794 (during which time the present document was signed) under the leadership of robespierre, who had established a virtual dictatorship. following the execution of robespierre the committee's influence diminished and it was disestablished in 1795.robespierre is one of the best known and most influential figures of the french revolution, particularly remembered for his defence of the republic and his role in the reign of terror. robespierre's personal responsibility for the excesses of the terror remains the subject of intense debate among historians of the french revolution, however his name is continually associated with the radical purification of politics through the killing of enemies."},"estimateMax":6000,"lotNumber":"25","title":{"es":"robespierre maximilien: (1758-1794) french lawyer and politician. one of the most influential figures of the french revolution. guillotined."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111306/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":4000,"soldPrice":6200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.823Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£4,000 - £6,000","currency":"GBP","id":111306,"estimateMin":4000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111307/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare l.s., momoro, one page, small 4to, paris, 15th january 1794, to the president of the electoral assembly, in french. momoro accepts his correspondent's proposal to become a member of the electoral assembly and states `i have forwarded to the general prosecutor my acceptance to the post of member of the department. i inform the electoral assembly about this and report that i will not be able to attend the assembly meeting today.´ countersigned at the foot by citizen leblanc (in whose hand the text of the letter is written) who also accepts the appointment. a boldly penned and attractive letter. some extremely minor age wear to the edges, vgmomoro was condemned to death by the revolutionary tribunal and guillotined at the young age of 37 on 24th march 1794, a little over two months after the present letter was written. upon hearing the sentence of the revolutionary tribunal momoro loudly responded `you accuse me, who has given everything for the revolution! ´somewhat forgotten today by historians, momoro was, however, an important figure in the cordeliers club and in hébertisme. as the originator of the phrase unité, indivisibilité de la république; liberté-egalité-fraternité ou la mort', one of the mottos of the french republic, his contribution to french history is in no doubt."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"26","title":{"es":"momoro antoine-françois: (1756-1794) french printer, bookseller and politician during the french revolution. momoro is the originator of the french republic motto `liberté-egalité-fraternité´. guillotined."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111307/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.825Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111307,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111308/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., j. rouget de lisle, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d. ('le samedi matin'), to a gentleman [m. pleyel], in french. rouget de lisle intriguingly writes 'in exchange for the most indiscreet demand that i made of you yesterday allow me to give you a piece of useless advice\u2026you spoke the other day of your liaisons with mr. garnery. if you have, or will be, in the position of entering into some interesting relationships with him, be on your guard. we see that the position is nothing less that certain\u2026 he is himself being watched\u2026' a few minor tears to the left edge, only very slightly affecting a few words of text, but not the signature. strengthened to the verso, otherwise vgignace pleyel (1757-1831) austrian-born french composer. pleyel had been friends with rouget de lisle having worked together on pleyel's hymne à la liberté (1791), to which rouget de lisle had written the libretto. with the onset of the reign of terror in 1793 and 1794, life in france became dangerous for many. pleyel was brought before the committee of public safety a total of seven times due to the following: his foreign status, his recent purchase of a château, and his ties with the strasbourg cathedral. he was subsequently labeled a royalist collaborator. the outcome of the committee's attentions could easily have been imprisonment or even execution. with prudent opportunism, pleyel preserved his future by writing compositions in honor of the new republic.la marseillaise is widely regarded as one of the best and most instantly recognisable national anthems ever composed. written in 1792 by rouget de lisle in strasbourg following france's declaration of war against austria, the revolutionary song was originally entitled chant de guerre pour l'armee du rhin ('war song for the rhine army'). an anthem to freedom and a patriotic call to mobilise all citizens and an exhortation to fight against tyranny and foreign invasion, the french national convention adopted it as the republic's anthem in 1795. the anthem acquired its nickname after being sung in paris by volunteers from marseille marching on the capital. the first example of the 'european march' anthemic style, la marseillaise's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread use as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"27","title":{"es":"rouget de lisle claude joseph: (1760-1836) french army officer of the french revolutionary wars who wrote the words and music of the french national anthem la marseillaise."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111308/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.826Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111308,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111309/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"manuscript d.s., guillotin, one page, 4to, paris, 24th january 1796, in french. the document is a medical prescription and states, in full, 'take a quart of scrag of mutton and half a dozen turnips; put in a pint of water; boil at low heat until the turnips are cooked, then remove the turnips and mutton and let dissolve. manna en sorte [flake or common manna] one ounce. then pass it through a linen. you must drink the broth hot, in the morning, with an empty stomach, glass by glass, every half an hour, until all is finished'. signed and dated at the conclusion. with a small slim 12mo french newspaper clipping announcing the death of guillotin neatly affixed at the foot of the document. some light overall foxing and with slightly irregularly trimmed edges, otherwise about vgit is unclear which ailment the present prescription would alleviate, however turnips are a very good source of anti-oxidants, minerals, vitamins and dietary fibre and have been cultivated as staple food since ancient greek and roman periods.guillotin proposed the use of the device known as a guillotine on 10th october 1789 as a less painful method of carrying out death penalties by execution in france. the apparatus, with which guillotin's name has become eponymous, was particularly used during the french revolution, where it was celebrated as the people's avenger by supporters of the revolution and vilified as the pre-eminent symbol of the reign of terror by opponents. one of the most famous individuals to be executed by guillotine was marie antoinette, queen consort of the french, on 16th october 1793."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"28","title":{"es":"guillotin joseph-ignace: (1738-1814) french physician, politician & freemason who, in 1789, proposed the use of the guillotine as a device to carry out death penalties in france."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111309/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.828Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111309,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111310/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111310/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., g: washington, as president, one page, 4to, philadelphia, 14th november 1796, to colonel william deakins in george town. washington writes, in full, 'permit me to recommend the enclosed letter (no longer present) to your care. - and to ask if it be practicable to procure me ten or a dozen bushels of oats from the glades for seed, by the first of march next? with esteem & regard i am, dear sir, your obedt. servant'. with integral address leaf hand addressed by washington and signed ('president u.s.') by him to the lower left corner of the address panel. with the remnants of a red wax seal and a small area of paper loss where originally broken. some uniform age toning and a couple of minor stains, not affecting the signature, and some very minor chipping to the right edge and corners of the letter, about vgcolonel william deakins (1742-1798) prominent georgetown merchant who served as the treasurer for the d.c. commissioners from 1791-96.the present letter was written towards the conclusion of washington's second term of office as american president, which was to end in march 1797. it is not unreasonable to presume that washington was already considering, and anticipating with pleasure, his return to mount vernon as a working farmer, just as the roman leader cincinnatus rescinded the reins of power to return to the land. the society of the cincinnati, of which washington served as the first president, is a historical association which was founded in the aftermath of the american revolutionary war, by officers of the continental army, to preserve the ideals of the military officer's role in the new american republic. 'bushels of oats from the glades of seed', as mentioned in the present letter, would have figured prominently in his farming plans.washington served as the first president of america, and was one of the founding fathers of the united states. as such, and commander-in-chief of the continental army and hero of the revolution, washington's legacy remains among the two or three greatest in american history."},"estimateMax":12000,"lotNumber":"29","title":{"es":"washington george: (1732-1799) american president 1789-97."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111310/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":8000,"soldPrice":14000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.829Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£8,000 - £12,000","currency":"GBP","id":111310,"estimateMin":8000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111311/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., paul, as emperor, one page, 4to, gatchina, 6th october 1797, to lieutenant general [christoph von] benckendorff, in french. the emperor states 'i authorize you, according to your letter of 2nd october, to make the expenses you will judge are necessary´ and further adds `the money will be returned to you later, and based on the memoirs you will send me. ´ with blank integral leaf. some very light, minor creasing and age wear and with a small area of paper loss to the integral leaf, vgchristoph von benckendorff (1749-1823) baltic baron, general and military governor of livonia, estonia.emperor paul i, son of peter iii and catherine the great, had a relatively short reign over russia. overshadowed by his mother (who had suggested his father may actually have been her lover sergei saltykov) for much of his life, paul i's reign lasted five years ending with his assassination by conspirators. his most important achievement was the adoption of the laws of succession to the russian throne - rules that remained until the end of the romanov dynasty and of the russian empire."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"30","title":{"es":"paul i: (1754-1801) emperor of russia 1796-1801. assassinated."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111311/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:26.831Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111311,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111312/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., ch. maur. talleyrand, one page, 4to, paris, 8th january 1797, in french. the manuscript document was issued at the ministry of external affairs and talleyrand, in his capacity as the minister of external affairs, confirms the content of a general receipt issued by the cashier of the treasury, relating in particular to a man named palomba who 'is included for the sum of thirty francs, total of one twentieth retained for the aforementioned four month period, on the basis if eighteen hundred francs annual salary, counting from the first of vendemiaire (september) last.' signed by talleyrand with a typically small signature at the conclusion and countersigned by paganel, the secretary general. some light age wear and minor traces of former mounting to the left margin. a small, neat tear at the centre of the head of the page has been repaired to the verso. about vgtalleyrand worked at the highest levels of successive french governments, usually as foreign minister or in some other diplomatic capacity. his career spanned the regimes of king louis xvi, the years of the french revolution, napoleon i, king louis xviii and king louis-philippe i. those he served often distrusted talleyrand but, like napoleon, found him extremely useful."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"31","title":{"es":"talleyrand-perigord charles maurice de: (1754-1838) french statesman."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111312/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.705Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111312,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111313/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111313/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., lapagerie bonaparte, two pages, 8vo, n.p. (chateau de malmaison?), 30th may 1800, to an unidentified recipient, in french. josephine thanks her correspondent for the plants which she had been promised and informs her correspondent that her gardener (alexander howatson?) will receive and take care of the plants, which she provides a list of, and which includes a rose, as well as various species of eucalyptus, magnolia, laurel and hibiscus etc. she further invites her correspondent to visit her garden and provide her with some advice. the text of the letter is in the hand of mme. de remusat. some very light, minor age wear, otherwise vgin 1799, while napoleon was in egypt, josephine purchased the chateau de malmaison. she had it landscaped in an english style, hiring landscapers and horticulturalists from the united kingdom including thomas blaikie, a scottish horticultural expert, and alexander howatson, a scottish gardener. the rose garden was begun soon after purchase and josephine took a personal interest in the gardens and the roses, as illustrated by the present letter, and learned a great deal about botany and horticulture from her staff. josephine wanted to collect all known roses so napoleon ordered his warship commanders to search all seized vessels for plants to be forwarded to malmaison. the english nurseryman kennedy was a major supplier and, despite england and france being at war, his shipments were allowed to cross blockades. sir joseph banks, director of the royal botanical gardens at kew, also sent her roses. the general assumption is that she had about 250 roses in her garden when she died in 1814. unfortunately, the roses were not catalogued during her tenure, however josephine produced the first written history of the cultivation of roses, and is believed to have hosted the first rose exhibition, in 1810.                                                                                 the present letter was written just nine days before the battle of montebello on 9th june 1800, part of the lead-up to the battle of marengo on 14th june 1800, when the vanguard of the french army in italy engaged and defeated an austrian force in a glorious victory.in 1795 josephine beauharnais met napoleon bonaparte, six years her junior, for the first time. she became his mistress and in january 1796 napoleon proposed to her. the marriage was not well accepted by napoleon's family, who were shocked that he had married an older woman with two children. as the wife of napoleon, josephine became the first empress consort of the french and was crowned by pope pius vii at notre dame de paris on 2nd december 1804. she did not bear napoleon any children and, as a result, he divorced her in 1810 to marry marie louise of austria."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"32","title":{"es":"beauharnais josephine de: (1763-1814) empress of the french 1804-14, the first wife of napoleon i."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111313/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.707Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111313,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111314/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111314/8/8.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111314/9/9.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111314/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111314/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111314/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"leon aune (1777-1803) french military officer, labelled 'the second grenadier of france' by napoleon. aune served as a second lieutenant in the foot grenadiers of the consular guard and received a sabre and musket of honour in march 1800 in recognition of his brilliant actions. aune wrote to napoleon to thank him for his weapons of honour and he was to receive a reply from bonaparte stating 'i have received your letter, my brave comrade. you needed not to have told me of your exploits, for you are the bravest grenadier in the whole army, since the death of benezete. you received one of the hundred sabres i distributed to the army, and all agreed you most deserved it. i wish very much to see you. the war minister sends you an order to come to paris'. this letter, circulated throughout napoleon's army, would serve to have a tremendous effect on the enthusiasm and morale of the troops. napoleon had aune taught to write, so that he could be promoted, although was to tragically die at an early age from pneumonia. napoleon signed a decree following aune's death approving a pension of 500 francs to anne clair, his widow.napoleon bonaparte, the french military and political leader, rose to prominence during the french revolution and, as napoleon i, served as emperor of the french from 1804-14, and again in 1815. napoleon dominated european and global affairs for more than a decade while leading france against a series of coalitions in the napoleonic wars. he was victorious in most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental europe before its final collapse in 1815. one of the greatest commanders in history, napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in history."},"estimateMax":4000,"lotNumber":"33","title":{"es":"napoleon i: (1769-1821) emperor of france 1804- 14, 1815. lannes jean (1769-1809) marshal of france. duc de montebello. one of napoleon's most daring and talented generals and a personal friend of the emperor. bessieres jean-baptiste (1768-1813) marshal of france. duc d´ istria. caffarelli du falga marie-francois auguste de (1766-1849) french general who served as aide-de-camp to napoleon and organised pope pius vii's trip to france for napoleon's coronation as emperor. a rare d.s. by napoleon i ('bonaparte'), jean lannes ('lannes'), jean-baptiste bessieres ('bessieres'), marie-francois auguste de caffarelli du falga ('a. caffarelli') and a number of others, at the conclusion, six pages, folio, paris, 20th october 1800, in french. the manuscript document is a marriage certificate issued for leon aune and anne clair, in the presence and agreement of napoleon, and comprises ten clauses with references to the endowment provided by the parents of anne clair, and to the wedding contract. signed by leon aune and anne clair at the conclusion, alongside the signature of napoleon and the other witnesses at their marriage, and also with a number of annotations in the margins throughout the document, each initialled by both the bride and groom. an interesting combination of signatures with a good association. neatly tied into the original paper wrappers with the title and date to the front cover. the edges of the paper a little ragged and with some light overall age wear, otherwise vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111314/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":3200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.708Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - £4,000","currency":"GBP","id":111314,"estimateMin":3000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111315/9/9.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111315/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111315/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111315/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"emma hamilton (1765-1815) lady hamilton, second wife of sir william hamilton. mistress of lord nelson.william hamilton (1730-1803) scottish diplomat, husband of emma hamilton. british ambassador to the kingdom of naples 1764-1800.thomas troubridge (c.1758-1807) british naval commander. in august 1798 troubridge's ship of the line, hms culloden, ran aground whilst getting into position in preparation for an attack on the french fleet and was consequently unable to take any part in the battle of the nile. at nelson's request, however, and as mentioned in the present letter, troubridge was awarded the gold medal commemorating the victory. from 1801-04 troubridge served as a lord of the admiralty.philip somerville (1763-1817) english naval captain who commanded a division of boats under lord nelson at the raids on boulogne in august 1801, just a few months prior to the date of the present letter. somerville was wounded during the unsuccessful attacks although his division was the only one that succeeded in getting on board the enemy.william nelson (1757-1835) 1st earl nelson, 2nd duke of bronte. anglican clergyman and elder brother of lord nelson, referred to as the 'revd. dr.' in the present letter. by a special remainder william nelson succeeded in his younger brother's titles upon his death in 1805 and was further honoured as earl nelson and viscount merton in recognition of his brother's achievements. william nelson's wife, also referred to in the present letter, was sarah yonge (c.1749-1828). they were married at swaffham in norfolk on 9th november 1786.1801 had been a busy year for nelson, both domestically and in service. in january, he met with his wife, frances 'fanny' nelson for the last time. with their marriage effectively over, the heartbroken fanny, was taken in by nelson's father, reverend edmund nelson, whilst horatio nelson's open cohabitation with emma hamilton scandalised polite society. in the same month nelson was promoted to vice admiral of the blue and appointed second in command to admiral sir hyde parker whose fleet were to sail to the baltic. in february emma hamilton gave birth to horatia, nelson's daughter, at 23 piccadilly, the home of sir william hamilton (and to where the present letter was addressed). nelson received the news whilst at torbay, preparing to sail, and was overjoyed at the birth. on 2nd april 1801 nelson participated in the battle of copenhagen during the war of the second coalition. the british naval fleet, under the command of parker, defeated a danish fleet anchored just off copenhagen, with nelson leading the main attack. he famously is reputed to have disobeyed parker's order to withdraw by holding the telescope to his blind eye to observe the signals from parker. the signals had given nelson permission to withdraw at his discretion, yet he declined. copenhagen is often considered to be nelson's hardest-fought victory, ranked among battles such as the battle of trafalgar, as the danes offered a very steadfast resistance. the british public viewed the battle of copenhagen as a great victory and as a result ministers in england called for nelson to take over parker's command. nelson was subsequently appointed commander-in-chief of the baltic fleet and made viscount nelson of the nile and of hillborough.nelson was writing to hamilton almost daily from hms amazon in october 1801, however the present letter is not published in the letters of lord nelson to lady hamilton (1814) and neither is it published in the dispatches and letters of vice admiral lord viscount nelson (vol. iv, 1799-1801, ed. by nicolas and published by henry colburn, london, 1845) or in nelson - the new letters (ed. by white and published by the boydell press, 2005).nelson was noted for his inspirational leadership, superb grasp of strategy and unconventional tactics, all of which led to a number of decisive naval victories, particularly during the napoleonic wars. his death at the battle of trafalgar in 1805 secured his position as one of britain's most heroic figures. the significance of the victory and his death led to his signal, 'england expects that every man will do his duty', being regularly quoted, paraphrased and referenced up to the present day. nelson's memory and legacy remain highly influential."},"estimateMax":15000,"lotNumber":"34","title":{"es":"nelson horatio: (1758-1805) british admiral during the napoleonic wars, the victor of the battle of trafalgar, 1805. a good a.l.s., nelson & bronte, four pages (the conjugate leaves very neatly split at the central vertical fold, and now two separate leaves), 4to, hms amazon, (although mailed from deal, kent), 14th october 1801, to his mistress emma hamilton ('my dearest friend'). nelson announces 'tomorrow week all is over no thanks to sir thos. [troubridge] i believe the fault is all his, and he ought to have recollected that i got him the medal of the nile. who upheld him when he would have sunk under grief & mortification. who placed him in such situation in the kingdom of naples that he got by my public letters titles, the colonelcy of marines, diamond boxes from the king of naples, 1000 ounces in money for no expenses that i know of. who got him 500£ a year from the king of naples and however much he may abuse him, his pension will be regularly paid. who brought his character into notice, look at my public letters. nelson that nelson he now lords it over, so much for gratitude. i forgive him but by god i shall not forget it' and further reports of the weather ('the day is very bad, blows rains & great sea') and adds that he is anxiously waiting for emma's letters, 'they are my only comfort for they are the only friendly ones i receive'. nelson also writes of captain somerville who is aboard the amazon with his wife and family and who has only £100 a year to maintain them, remarking 'he has been begging me to interceed (sic) with the adm.[iralty] again but i have been so rebuffed that my spirits are gone & the great troubridge has what we call cowed the spirits of nelson but i shall never forget it.' the admiral resumes his letter having just received emma's 'kind letters' which have 'given me great comfort' and asks 'pray tell sir willm. that if i can i will write to him this day but certainly tomorrow. i have much to do from admiralty orders, letters &c. i rejoice at your occupation\u2026have you done anything abt. the turnip field. say everything that is kind for me to sir wm., mrs. cadogan &c. i have delivered your message to sutton & bedford. you may rely on a visit.' nelson concludes 'ever my dear friend your affectionate half sea sick nelson & bronte' although continues with an extensive postscript, signed with his initials n & b, sending thanks for 'revd. drs letter & mrs. n[elson's] her going to swaffham is mentioned 7 times & in the postscript. it put me in mind of the directions for the cardinal. i have laughed but she is [a] good wife for him or he would have been ruined long ago. his being a doctor is nonsense, but i must write tomorrow & congratulate him or else the fat will be in the fire', and finally confirms that he has written to sir william at merton. the final page bears the address panel, entirely in nelson's hand and signed ('nelson & bronte') by him, addressed to lady hamilton at 23 piccadilly in london and dated deal, 14th october (annotated by emma hamilton 'the date of the year' and with 1801 added in another, unidentified hand; hamilton's words somewhat smudged). with the almost complete remnants of the black wax seal (in two sections as originally broken). a letter of interesting content and good association, with many references to nelson's contemporaries. some light creasing and overall age toning and with a few small tears to the final page (evidently caused by the breaking of the seal), not affecting the text or signature, about vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111315/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":10000,"soldPrice":10000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.710Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£10,000 - £15,000","currency":"GBP","id":111315,"estimateMin":10000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111316/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an extremely rare d.s., v schiller, one page, oblong 8vo, jena, 21st july 1804, in german. the document is a receipt issued by schiller to the library of the university of jena, and refers to the book `juliani j. caesares cum adnotat. liebe & heusinger´ annotated `imperat. 0.30.´ in another hand and schiller adding the word `accepit´ above his signature. some overall foxing, not affecting the clarity of the text or signature, gthe exact title of the work schiller refers to is 'juliani imperatoris caesares, cum integris adnotationibus aliquot doctorum virorum et selectis ezech. spanhemi interpretatione item latina et gallica additis imperatorum nummis ex instituto et bibliotheca christiani sigism. liebe. accedit sponii dissertatio de usu nummorum in physiognomia, et vita juliani. recensuit cim codice m.s. augustano editisque omnibus contulit variantes lectiones observationes et indices adiecit. joh. mich. heusinger. gotha 1736', housed in the library of the university of jena. schiller borrowed that book during his stay in jena between 19th july and 19th august, most probably in the course of his studies on agripina.schiller is widely considered as one of the greatest german poets in history and the second most important playwright in europe after william shakespeare. during the last seventeen years of his life (1788-1805), schiller struck up a productive, if complicated, friendship with the already famous and influential johann wolfgang von goethe. schiller's an die freude ('ode to joy') of 1785 became the basis for the fourth movement of beethoven's ninth symphony, one of the best known works in classical music and one of the most performed symphonies in the world. beethoven's tune (but not schiller's words) were adopted as the anthem of europe in 1972."},"estimateMax":6000,"lotNumber":"35","title":{"es":"schiller friedrich: (1759-1805) german poet and philosopher."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111316/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":5000,"soldPrice":5000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.711Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£5,000 - £6,000","currency":"GBP","id":111316,"estimateMin":5000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111317/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111317/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"rare a.l.s., dora jordan, two pages, 4to, mortimer street, n.d. ('friday', annotated 1808 in another hand), to miss. dalrymple. jordan states that she will be detained at the theatre tomorrow from 12 noon until 3pm and therefore won't be at bushy to receive her correspondent and continues 'i have only to assure you that my best and most sincere good wishes must soon attend you; and allow me to add, that if you are as happy as you deserve to be, (and of which you have so fair a prospect) your lot will be a most enviable one', further concluding that 'sophy desires her love'. some very light, extremely minor age wear, vgin 1797 king george iii appointed his son william, duke of clarence, as ranger of bushy park, carrying with it residence at bushy house, which jordan makes reference to in the present letter. the future king william iv lived there with his mistress, and their ten illegitimate children, until the couple's relationship came to an end in 1811.in the present letter jordan also makes reference to her eldest illegitimate daughter, sophia sidney (1795-1837) baroness de l'isle and dudley, who served as state housekeeper in kensington palace shortly before her death.pretty, witty and intelligent, jordan made her first appearance on the london stage at drury lane in 1785 and remained there until 1809 playing a large variety of parts. it was said that the actress had the most beautiful legs ever seen on the stage and she was particularly remembered for her comedic roles. jordan soon came to the attention of wealthy men after her arrival in london and the duke of clarence took the actress as his mistress for twenty years. together they produced ten illegitimate children, jordan having previously given birth to four other children by other men with whom she had conducted affairs."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"36","title":{"es":"jordan dorothea: (1761-1816) anglo-irish actress and courtesan, the mistress and companion of the future king william iv."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111317/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":260,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.713Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111317,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111318/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., joachim napoleon, (a bold example), one page, 4to, naples, 22nd january 1809, to [giuseppe zurlo] the minister of state, in french. murat instructs his correspondent to 'stop including on the list of councillors of state the prince of canova, pere; you will inform the finance minister that he will have to cease paying him as councillor of state from 1st of february onwards. ´ with blank integral leaf (small area of paper loss). vggiuseppe zurlo (1759-1828) italian lawyer and politician. zurlo served as minister of justice of the two sicilies in 1809 and as interior minister of the kingdom of the two sicilies 1809-15 & 1820.murat served as both a marshal of france and admiral of france under the reign of napoleon i. he received his titles, most notably as king of naples (1808-15) partially by being napoleon's brother-in-law (he had married the emperor's beloved younger sister in 1800) as well as by personal merit. noted as a daring, brave and charismatic cavalry officer, as well as a flamboyant dresser, murat was known as 'the dandy king'. murat was executed in 1815 proclaiming, at the time of his death, 'soldiers! do your duty! straight to the heart but spare the face. fire!'"},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"37","title":{"es":"murat joachim: (1767-1815) marshal of france, brother-in-law of napoleon bonaparte. king of naples 1808-15."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111318/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.715Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111318,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111319/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"an attractive d.s., marie louise, as empress, one page (vellum), oblong folio, palais des tuileries, 15th december 1811, in french. the partially printed document, which features a decorative border, nominates madame la baronne de lacour (nee botot) as a 'dame de la société de la charité maternelle'. countersigned by joseph fesch (1763-1839) french cardinal and diplomat, prince of france and the uncle of napoleon bonaparte. some light age wear and minor dust staining to the edges, not affecting the text or signatures, about vgthe société de charité maternelle was founded in 1788 to work alongside the government to provide welfare to the many needy of the time by encouraging maternal virtues amongst the poor. such philanthropic organisations were encouraged as much to promote social interaction as to alleviate the call upon the public purse.the end of the war of the fifth coalition in 1809 resulted in the marriage of napoleon and marie louise in 1810, which ushered in a brief period of peace and friendship between austria and the french empire. marie louise dutifully agreed to the marriage despite being raised to despise france. she was an obedient wife and was adored by napoleon, who had been eager to marry a member of one of europe's leading royal houses to cement his relatively young empire."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"38","title":{"es":"marie louise: (1791-1847) duchess of parma. austrian archduchess, the second wife of napoleon bonaparte and, as such, empress of the french 1810-14."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111319/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.716Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £500","currency":"GBP","id":111319,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111320/1/1.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"the french invasion of russia began on 24th june 1812 when napoleon's grande armee crossed the neman river in an attempt to engage and defeat the russian army. napoleon entered moscow in september, just a few weeks before the present letter was written, although there was no delegation to meet the emperor. the russians had evacuated the city, and the city's governor, count fyodor rostopchin had ordered the city to be burnt. napoleon's hopes had been set upon a victorious end to his campaign, but victory in the field did not yield him victory in the war. the loss of moscow did not compel alexander i to sue for peace, and both sides were aware that napoleon's position grew worse with each passing day. after a month, concerned about the loss of control back in france, napoleon and his army left and the campaign effectively ended on 14th december 1812, with the last french troops leaving russian soil. the campaign was the decisive turning point in the napoleonic wars and the reputation of the emperor had been severely shaken.napoleon bonaparte, the french military and political leader, rose to prominence during the french revolution and, as napoleon i, served as emperor of the french from 1804-14, and again in 1815. napoleon dominated european and global affairs for more than a decade while leading france against a series of coalitions in the napoleonic wars. he was victorious in most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental europe before its final collapse in 1815. one of the greatest commanders in history, napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in history."},"estimateMax":9000,"lotNumber":"39","title":{"es":"napoleon i: (1769-1821) emperor of france 1804-14, 1815. an extremely rare l.s., nap, one page, 4to, moscow, 5th october 1812, to the duc de feltre, minister of war, in french. napoleon sends an urgent order from moscow, and states in full, ´monsieur le duc de feltre, the 500 mills that i have requested must reach the station. by military cartage they will never arrive in time to be of any use for us. i pray god to keep you under his saintly protection ' with the small 12mo original holograph note of receipt neatly pinned to the lower left corner. a letter of good content. some extremely light, minor age wear, vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111320/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":6000,"soldPrice":6000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.718Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£6,000 - £9,000","currency":"GBP","id":111320,"estimateMin":6000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111321/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an extremely rare d.s., nap, one page, oblong 8vo, longwood, saint helena, 30th july 1817, to the great marshal [henri gatien, comte bertrand], in french. the manuscript document (the text of which is in the hand of his valet, louis marchand) is a short list of three expenses which napoleon gives his approval to pay, stating, in full, `instruction to pay 1st august next: 1. july´s clothes & dressing 1000 fr - 2. wages 1.700 fr - 3. july house needs 4500 fr - 7200 fr´. two very small pinholes to the upper and lower left corners, not affecting the text or signature, vgan extremely rare example of a document signed by napoleon whilst exiled at saint helena.the present document was signed at longwood house, napoleon's residence on the remote island of saint helena in the south atlantic. following his defeat at the battle of waterloo, the british exiled napoleon to the island where he was to spend the last years of his life, dying there in 1821. napoleon refused to send and sign letters from saint helena because he considered that, as an emperor, he should not be subject to censure by the king of great britain and although napoleon dictated his memoirs whilst at saint helena, and various other manuscripts were written, documents signed by the fallen emperor originating from longwood very rarely appear for sale at auction.henri gatien (1773-1844) comte bertrand. french general. gatien had accompanied napoleon to elba in 1814, and returned with him in 1815, holding a command in the waterloo campaign. following the french defeat, gatien accompanied napoleon to saint helena and did not return to france until after napoleon's death. in 1840 he was chosen to accompany the prince of joinville to saint helena to retrieve and bring napoleon's remains to france, in what became known as the retour des cendres.napoleon bonaparte, the french military and political leader, rose to prominence during the french revolution and, as napoleon i, served as emperor of the french from 1804-14, and again in 1815. napoleon dominated european and global affairs for more than a decade while leading france against a series of coalitions in the napoleonic wars. he was victorious in most of these wars and the vast majority of his battles, building a large empire that ruled over continental europe before its final collapse in 1815. one of the greatest commanders in history, napoleon's political and cultural legacy has ensured his status as one of the most celebrated and controversial leaders in history."},"estimateMax":15000,"lotNumber":"40","title":{"es":"napoleon i: (1769-1821) emperor of france 1804-14, 1815."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111321/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":10000,"soldPrice":10000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.719Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£10,000 - £15,000","currency":"GBP","id":111321,"estimateMin":10000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111322/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"brief a.l.s., charles philippe, one page, 4to, paris, 1st may n.y. (1814), to an unidentified correspondent, in french. the king states, in full, `the king´s entry into paris is positively fixed for next tuesday at ten in the morning.´ with blank integral leaf. some very light, minor wrinkling to the right edge and light overall age toning, otherwise vgthe present letter is written at an important date in the bourbon restoration.in january 1814, charles covertly left his home in london to join the coalition forces in southern france. his brother louis xviii, by then wheelchair-bound and in exile in england, supplied charles, his younger brother, with letters patent creating him lieutenant general of the kingdom. on 31st march, the allies captured paris and a few days later, on 4th april, napoleon i abdicated. the senate declared king louis xviii restored. charles had arrived in the capital on 12th april and acted as lieutenant general of the kingdom until louis xviii arrived from england. two days after the present letter was written, on 3rd may, the king was greeted with great rejoicing from the parisians and proceeded to occupy the tuileries palace.charles x, known as the count of artois for much of his life, reigned as the last bourbon king of france from 1824-30. an uncle of the uncrowned king louis xvii and the younger brother of reigning kings louis xvi and louis xviii, charles supported the latter in exile and eventually succeeded him. during his brief tenure as regent, charles created an ultra-royalist secret police that reported directly back to him without louis xviii's knowledge. it operated for over five years. his rule of almost six years ended in the july revolution of 1830, which resulted in his abdication and the election of louis philippe, duke of orleans, as king of the french."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"41","title":{"es":"charles x: (1757-1836) king of france 1824-30."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111322/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.396Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111322,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111323/13/13.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111323/14/14.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111323/15/15.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111323/16/16.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., humphry davy, three pages, 4to, montpelier, 17th (?) (january) 1814, to monsieur le baron delessert in paris. davy states that he has 'not yet profited by your letter of credit' and adds that he proposes to stay at montpelier for a further ten days and would like the letter of credit sent there, explaining 'i am just going to make a journey to the extinct volcanoes in this neighbourhood & on my return i will send you bills of exchange for as much money as i shall want whilst i am in the south of france.' in a postscript davy remarks 'if you can have the goodness to transmit the enclosed letter (no longer present) to london it will serve as a letter of notice to messrs drummond & messrs morland & co in case the other letters should have miscarried'. with integral address leaf (small area of paper loss caused by the seal being broken, not affecting the text or signature). some very light, minor age wear, vgjules-paul-benjamin de lessert (1773-1847) french industrialist, financier & philanthropist.humphry davy, the cornish chemist and inventor, is best remembered today for isolating a series of substances for the first time; potassium and sodium in 1807 and calcium, strontium, barium, magnesium and boron the following year, as well as discovering the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine. a president of the royal society (1820-27), whose laboratory assistant was michael faraday, davy also invented a very early form of incandescent light bulb as well as the davy lamp."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"42","title":{"es":"davy humphry: (1778-1829) british chemist & inventor."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111323/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.398Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111323,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111324/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"rare a.l.s., j. grimaldi, one page, 4to, spa fields, 5th september 1817, to r. w. elliston at the theatre royal, birmingham. grimaldi informs his colleague that he has returned to london following 'a most successful tour' and continues 'with respect to terms we cannot agree - if i work i must be paid - i can have no objection to visit birmingham at the time proposed if i can obtain permission - and terms proposed by me accepted - the best nights receipt clear out of the week'. with integral address leaf in grimaldi's hand and signed ('j. grimaldi') by him. with a red wax seal and a small area of paper loss where originally broken. some very minor, light dust staining to the edges, not affecting the text or signature, vgrobert william elliston (1774-1831) english actor and theatre manager. elliston had an interest in the theatre royal, birmingham, a patent theatre, however ill health and misfortune culminated in his bankruptcy in 1826.in the early 1800s joseph grimaldi expanded the role of clown in the harlequinade that formed part of british pantomimes, most notably at the theatre royal, drury lane. the actor is recognised as by far being the most popular english entertainer of his day and the victoria and albert museum (among others) have concluded that no other clown has achieved grimaldi's level of fame."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"43","title":{"es":"grimaldi joseph: (1778-1837) english actor, comedian & dancer, the most popular english entertainer of the regency era."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111324/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":950,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.400Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111324,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111325/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111325/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111325/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., caroline, princess de galles, as princess of wales, in the third person (although also signed in a conventional manner at the conclusion), three pages, 4to, n.p. (pesaro), 21st august 1818, to professor tamassini, in french. the princess expresses her pleasure at the news that her correspondent's wife has safely given birth to a baby girl, and adds that she is looking forward to congratulating him personally on his next visit, further conveying the good wishes of 'monsieur le baron' (her lover, bartolomeo pergami), and continuing to explain that she will be especially pleased to see him again later in the year as she hopes that cardinal albani will be in pesaro at that time, further noting that marquis antaldo's letters to their mutual friend dr. rosari appear to be censored by the police ('\u2026comme la police est si inquiet a son suject\u2026.'). vgprovenance: the present letter originates from a collection formed in 1903 by a. m. broadley, author of chats on autographs (1910). in his book broadley observes 'the letters of the princess of wales\u2026the queen caroline of 1820-21, are not very valuable, but they are curious. they are now quite as valuable as those of her worthless husband and his successor\u2026.'the marriage of the future king george iv to caroline of brunswick was a disaster from the outset, not least as prince george was already secretly married to maria fitzherbert. in 1814, offended at her exclusion from the celebrations to mark the fall of napoleon, caroline moved to italy where she employed bartolomeo pergami (mentioned in the present letter) as a servant. pergami soon became caroline's closest companion and lover. gossip about her affairs and lifestyle was widespread and hanoverian spies watched her in the hope of collecting evidence of her adultery which george required as the grounds for the divorce he desperately sought, but never obtained. when her husband finally acceded to the throne in 1820, caroline was famously shut out of her own coronation."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"44","title":{"es":"caroline of brunswick: (1768-1821) queen consort of the united kingdom and hanover 1820-21. wife of king george iv."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111325/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.401Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111325,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111326/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111326/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111326/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good d.s., george r, as king, at the head, four pages, folio, court at carlton house, 14th may 1824. the manuscript document is addressed to the reverend george gregory and william ponsford and is a license allowing john lambert arden and his issue to take and use the surname of gorwyn in addition to, and after that, of arden and provides a lengthy explanation, stating, in part, 'whereas george gregory of dunsford in the county of devon, clerk, and william ponsford, of puddicombe in the same county, gentleman, for and on behalf of john lambert arden, of the parish of cheriton bishop in the county aforesaid, gentleman, a minor of the age of twenty years and upwards, the fourth and youngest son of george arden, late of the city of exeter, mercer, deceased, by joan his wife, one of the sisters of john lambert gorwyn, late of cheriton bishop\u2026.also deceased, have by their petition humbly represented us, that the said john lambert gorwyn, the late material uncle of the said john lambert arden, in and by his last will\u2026.gave and devised his messauges\u2026.in the said will, there is contained a proviso and direction that when and as soon as the said john lambert arden should become seized or entitled to the actual possession of the said estate\u2026.he shall use, assume and take upon him and afterwards continue the surname of gorwyn only instead of his then surname or by adding the same thereto\u2026.' countersigned at the conclusion by robert peel (1788-1850) british prime minister 1834-35, 1841-46 and home secretary 1822-27 & 1828-30. with blind embossed paper seal affixed. a good document featuring fine examples of the signatures of king george iv and robert peel. vgrobert peel twice served as the united kingdom's prime minister (1834-35, 1841-46) and twice as home secretary (1822-27, 1828-30) and is regarded as one of the founders of the modern conservative party and the father of modern british policing. his establishment of the metropolitan police force for london in 1829 led to a new type of officer known in tribute to him as 'bobbies', a term still used today.king george iv had served as prince regent during the final years of his father, king george iii's, illness and acceded to the throne in 1820. the king led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the regency era. he was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste and commissioned the building of the royal pavilion in brighton, the remodelling of buckingham palace and the rebuilding of windsor castle. his charm and culture earned him the title of 'the first gentleman of england', however his way of life brought contempt from his public, many of whom found his behaviour selfish, unreliable and irresponsible."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"45","title":{"es":"george iv: (1762-1830) king of the united kingdom 1820-30."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111326/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.403Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111326,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/31/31.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/32/32.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/33/33.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/34/34.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/35/35.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/36/36.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/37/37.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/38/38.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/39/39.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111327/40/40.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an extremely rare and significant manuscript notebook, unsigned, the tall 8vo bound volume compiled by jenner, comprising over 100 pages of holograph text (and some original illustrations and diagrams), n.p., n.d. (c.1822/23), being jenner's transcripts of contemporary scientific texts relating to meteorology. jenner's notes explore the various aspects of contemporary meteorology, including the observations and discoveries of leading academics including william falconer, luke howard and thomas forster and cover a wide variety of meteorological subjects from instrumentation ('a complete apparatus of meteorological instruments should include the barometer, thermometer, hydrometer, photometer, athrioscope, cynometer') through to the influence of flora and fauna ('animal effluvia as well as vegetable are capable of being mixed with the air, and suspended in it. these are now generally esteemed to be the cause or source of fevers of the malignant or contagious kind').the comprehensive notebook includes texts from various publications, essays and papers, a few extracts of which include -'the analysis of the atmosphere is one of the finest discoveries of modern chemistry. it appears to consist of two distinct expansible fluids contained in different proportions, a single portion of oxygen gas being united to three parts by weight, or four parts by bulk, of azote. there is also a very slight admixture of carbonic acid gas, accounting perhaps to a thousandth part of the whole', from the supplement to the encyclopaedia britannica written by sir john leslie between 1815-24,'the degree of pressure of the atmosphere upon the human body has not been exactly estimated, it having been computed from 31,000 to 42,000 pounds' weight. in the different states of the atmosphere his varies, the effects of these variations are not ascertained', from the 'remarks on the influence of climate, situation, nature of country, population, nature of food, and way of life' by william falconer (london, 1781),'it is the frequent observation of the countenance of the sky, and of its connection with the present and ensuing phaenomena, that constitutes the antient and popular meteorology. the want of this branch of knowledge renders the predictions of the philosopher, who is attending only to his instruments less generally successful than those of the weather-wise mariner or husbandman', from the philosophical magazine, (vol. xvi, london, 1803. article xviii), 'on the modifications of clouds, and on the principles of their production, suspension and destruction'; being the substance of an essay read before the askesian society in the session 1802-3, by luke howard,'one of the principle uses of meteorology is, that it enables us to predict, in some measure, the ensuing changes of the weather. to do this accurately, a familiar acquaintance with the modification of the clouds, and indeed with all the operations which are going on above, appears necessary. when two or more contrary indications appear, the result must be deduced from those which ultimately prevail; & that when several agreeable signs appear, the event may be predicted with additional certainty\u2026some animals express signs of uneasiness previous to an alteration of the weather long before there are any visible signs of a change. dogs for instance become very drowsy & stupid before rain & their ears are sometimes found considerably inflamed\u2026.cats though in a less degree are affected in the same manner - and a leech, confined in a glass of water, has been found, by its rapid motions\u2026to indicate fair or wet weather. peculiarities in the electric state of the atmosphere may\u2026affect the constitution of animals in the same manner as they appear to do ours, & thereby excite pleasurable or uneasy sensations', from the 'researches about atmospheric phaenomena etc.' by thomas forster (london, 1813),'the sound of bells heard form a great distance is a sign of wind, or a change of weather. when sea fowl and other aquatic birds return to the sea shore or marshes it indicates a change of weather and a sudden storm. when frogs croak much, toad crawl out in the evening, when earth worm come forth, ants remove their eggs, moles throw up earth, asses frequently shake and agitate their ears', from the 'monthly magazine or british register' (vol. 35, london, 1813) and 'an account of ireland, statistical and political' by edward wakefield,'in the formation of thunder storms i have noticed that when the rain actually begins to form and descend, the intensity of the blackness is not so great as where the cumulostratus is only going into a state of nimbus. if therefore the density is increased in the formation of drops of water, the blackness must depend on some other peculiarity of structure', from an article in 'the philosophical magazine' (vol. xli, london, 1813) written by thomas forster,'to establish meteorology on a solid basis we should inquire into the extent and constitution of the medium we breathe and assist external observation by the different philosophical instruments which implicate at all times the exact condition and qualities of that mutable fluid', from the 'treatise on meteorology' by john leslie in the quarterly journal of science, literature, and the arts (vol. xiv, article x, london, 1823)'white clouds on a grey ground, is one of the most certain indications of a mixture of two currents possessed of different constitutions. storms are more sudden from the west points, in their commencement and are preceded by greater indications of commotion in the atmosphere, are attended with greater variations of the barometer, are more squally in their progress, more partial in their extent and generally of less duration than those from an east point', from 'remarks upon meteorology; with a specimen of a new meteorological table' by dr.bostock, as it appeared in 'a journal of natural philosophy, chemistry and the arts' by william nicholson (vol. xxv, london, 1810),'the limit, or boundary of the atmosphere terminates where the expansive force or power of the air, upwards, or from the earth's surface is completely overcome by the force or power of gravitation downwards, or towards the earth's surface, which is estimated at about 44 or 45 miles. it is computed that it would extend only to about 5 ½ miles in height if it were so compressed, that its density throughout should equal its degree of density near the surface of the earth', from an essay 'on the barometer' by richard walker of oxford, published in 'the philosophical magazine' by alexander tilloch (vol. xl, july - december 1812).on two pages at the centre of the journal there can be found jenner's grey & black water colour depictions of cloud types, faithfully rendered in the style of the originals as they appear in luke howard's on the modification of clouds (1803). a third original illustration has been neatly excised from its page. bound in the original, plain dark cloth boards (some light staining and age wear) and with a pencil ownership signature and address to the front free endpaper of a miss perkins & dr perry of 3 priory street, everton. some light staining and age wear throughout, the text however completely legible and not significantly affected in any way. generally ga fascinating and remarkable meteorological record compiled by jenner for his personal reference.jenner's interest in meteorology is not well documented, however, it would undoubtedly have been a subject of great importance to him in association with his experimentation with ballooning and his studies of bird migration. the present notebook offers a unique insight into the aspects of meteorology he most desired to understand.it was in 1784 that jenner was to make his first tentative steps at being a balloonist. influenced by his close friend, the surgeon william f. shrapnell, jenner carried out his first aeronautical experiment based on a balloon deign supplied by boyhood friend dr. caleb parry. jenner wrote 'your directions respecting the balloon are so clear and explicit, 'tis impossible for me to blunder; but to make it quite a certainty, i intend first to fill it and see if it will float in the castle-hall, before the public exhibition. should it prove unwilling to mount and turn shy before a large assembly, don't you think i may make my escape under the cover of three or four dozen squibs and crackers?' subsequently, jenner became known for his studies on the migrating cuckoo, which were published in the philosophical transactions of the royal society (1788) and later in the posthumously published, some observations on the migration of birds (1824).it was not until the 18th century that significant progress occurred in the study of meteorology, so whilst little is known of jenner's attraction to this interdisciplinary branch of science we can be sure that in these early days, jenner was there to appreciate its importance. his forays into ballooning and the serious study of migration were undoubtedly made more pleasurable to his scientific mind by the knowledge he had gained in the study of meteorology.jenner is frequently referred to as the 'father of immunology' and his work is said to have saved more lives than the work of any other human. a member of the royal society, in the field of zoology he was the first person to describe the brood parasitism of the cuckoo. in 2002 jenner was named in the bbc's list of the 100 greatest britons.we are indebted to mark beswick, archive information officer of the met office national meteorological archive and to owen gower, manager of dr. jenner's house, museum & garden in berkeley, gloucestershire, for their assistance with the present lot."},"estimateMax":30000,"lotNumber":"46","title":{"es":"jenner edward: (1749-1823) english physician & scientist, the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111327/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":20000,"soldPrice":14000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.405Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£20,000 - £30,000","currency":"GBP","id":111327,"estimateMin":20000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111328/5/5.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111328/6/6.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"joseph parkes (1796-1865) english political reformer, associated with the philosophical radicals. in 1822 he had established a solicitor's practice in birmingham and was a regular correspondent with bentham, whom parkes had first met as a young man articled to a london solicitor.hazelwood school had recently been established in edgbaston by thomas wright hill (1763-1851) english mathematician and schoolmaster, father of the postal reformer rowland hill who himself designed the new purpose built school. as an 'educational refraction' of joseph priestley's ideas, hazelwood was to provide a model for public education. rejecting the cane as a disciplinary tool and advocating self-governance for its pupils, it worked on educational principles similar to those proposed by bentham in chrestomathia. bentham was highly impressed with the school and keenly promoted it, often encouraging his friends and acquaintances to send their sons there, as illustrated by the present letter.john adams smith - nephew of john quincy adams (1767-1848) american president 1825-29.joseph priestley (1733-1804) english theologian. his grammar textbook was innovative and highly influential, more importantly he argued that a practical education would be more useful to students than a classical one. he was also the first to advocate the study and teaching of modern history.in the present letter bentham also refers to joshua bates (1788-1864) an american financier who was later to become the senior partner of baring brothers & co. and was to found the boston public library and john bowring (1792-1872) english political economist, a disciple and friend of bentham who later served as his literary executor.the fully holograph version of the present letter is held in the bentham papers in the library of university college london and is also published in the correspondence of jeremy bentham (ed. o'sullivan & fuller, 2006, vol. xii).jeremy bentham is regarded as the founder of modern utilitarianism. bentham defined as the 'fundamental axiom' of his philosophy the principle that 'it is the greatest happiness of the greatest number that is the measure of right and wrong'. he became a leading theorist in anglo-american philosophy of law. he advocated individual and economic freedom, the separation of church and state, freedom of expression, equal rights for women and the right to divorce. he called for the abolition of slavery, the abolition of the death penalty, and the abolition of physical punishment, including that of children."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"47","title":{"es":"bentham jeremy: (1748-1832) english jurist, philosopher and social reformer. a good l.s., jeremy bentham, two pages, small 4to, q[ueen] s[quare] p[lace], 31st march 1825, to joseph parkes ('my dear joseph'). bentham states 'trusting to your so well experience philanthropy, i shall take the liberty of addressing to you by tomorrow\u2026. a smart pretty looking boy of 8 years old, son of a mr robt. hunter, u.s. consul at the isle of wight, begging of you to convey the boy to hazlewood (sic)' and continues 'mr john adams smith, late secretary of legation here from u.s., now about to depart in the same character for madrid (he is nephew to the new president) introduced mr. hunter and his son to me\u2026.for this purpose'. bentham further quotes from a letter of hunter's, explaining that the expenses for the boy's education will be covered by joshua bates, and continues to write 'be so good as to desire mr. hill to send me some more epitomes and proposals. i gave four of them to mr. martin, a merchant of liverpool, secretary of the royal institution, who has children of his own, and is a superiorly informed and influential man there. he was a sort of pupil of priestley's' before concluding 'oh my weak and battered old memory! we spoke of you together: he and you are intimate. this is enough and more than enough from yours most truly\u2026..' bentham has added a holograph note at the foot of the letter, addressed to his amanuensis (john flowerdew colls), stating 'the original in my own hand goes to mr. hunter as soon as i have learnt\u2026from (john) bowring who is to dine here to day'. a letter of interesting content. some extremely minor age wear, vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111328/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.406Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111328,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111329/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., aleksandr, as emperor, in cyrillic, one page, folio, n.p., 4th july 1825, in cyrillic. the attractively penned manuscript document is a decree addressed to the chapter of the orders of russia and confers knighthoods on cossack captain popov and councillor ogarkov and states, in part, 'in recompense for the aid given to the inhabitants of the colony of sarepta by marshal of the nobility for kamyshin and tsaritsyn, cossack captain popov, in putting out the fire suffered by them in 1823, and the member of the moscow mountain board titular councillor ogarkov, in recompense for the distinguished zeal shown in his work\u2026.we most graciously appoint them knights, the former of the order of the apostolic prince st. vladimir, 4th class, and the latter of the order of st. anne, 3rd class', further commanding the chapter to deliver to them the certificates and insignia of the orders. countersigned at the foot in the settlement district of the 1st and 2nd carabineer regiments. with a very small, insignificant area of paper loss to the upper left edge, not affecting the text or signature, vgalexander i succeeded to the russian throne following the assassination of his father, emperor paul i. alexander ruled russia during the chaotic period of the napoleonic wars and he changed his country's position relative to france on four occasions between 1804 and 1812 among neutrality, opposition and alliance. in 1805 he joined britain in the war of the third coalition against napoleon, but after the massive defeat at the battle of austerlitz he switched and formed an alliance with napoleon by the treaty of tilsit (1807). he and napoleon could never agree, especially about poland, and the alliance had collapsed by 1810. emperor alexander i's greatest triumph came in 1812 as napoleon's invasion of russia proved a total disaster for the french."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"48","title":{"es":"alexander i: (1777-1825) emperor of russia 1801-25. alexander was also the first russian king of poland (1815-25) and the first russian grand duke of finland (1809-25)."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111329/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.408Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111329,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111330/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., william r, as king, one page, 8vo, st. james's, n.d. ('sunday morning', c.1830), to 'dearest mary' (his illegitimate daughter, lady mary fox). the king writes a brief letter stating, in full, 'i broke thro' mistake the seal and therefore enclose amelia's letter (no longer present) ever believe me, yours most affectionately'. neatly annotated in ink in an unidentified hand at the foot. a letter of interesting association. some very slight, extremely minor traces of former mounting to the verso, vglady mary fox (1798-1864) english writer, the illegitimate daughter of king william iv by his mistress dorothea jordan. in later life she served as housekeeper at windsor castle.amelia cary (1807-1858) viscountess falkland. british noblewoman, the illegitimate daughter of king william iv by his mistress dorothea jordan and sister of lady mary fox.since the 12th century and the reign of king henry ii, british kings have, with very few exceptions, enjoyed the companionship of a royal mistress. monarchs had an incentive to take mistresses in that they generally made dynastic marriages of convenience, and there was often little love in them. beyond the physical relationship, the royal mistress would often exercise a profound influence over the king, extending even to affairs of state.william iv was the last king and penultimate monarch of britain's house of hanover and his reign saw several reforms, not least the abolishment of slavery in almost all of the british empire. the king cohabited with his mistress, dorothea jordan (see lot xxx), for twenty years and fathered ten illegitimate children with her."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"49","title":{"es":"william iv: (1765-1837) king of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland 1830-37."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111330/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.409Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111330,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111331/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., nikolai, as emperor, in cyrillic, one page, folio, st. petersburg, 2nd january 1832, in cyrillic. the elegantly penned manuscript document is a decree addressed to the chapter of the orders of russia and appoints van lennep, the dutch consul-general at smyrna, to be a 'knight of the order of st. anne 2nd class, decorated with the imperial crown' and commands the chapter to deliver to him the insignia of the order with the prescribed certificate. countersigned at the foot by karl nesselrode (1780-1862, russian foreign minister 1814-56) as vice chancellor, 4th january 1832. about exjacob van lennep (1769-1855) turkish merchant who served as consul-general of the netherlands at smyrna.emperor nicholas i also reigned as king of poland (1825-30, 1831-55) and grand duke of finland (1825-55) and is remembered as political conservative whose reign was marked by geographical expansion, repression of dissent and frequent wars that culminated in russia's disastrous defeat in the crimean war (1853-56). on the eve of the emperor's death the russian empire reached its geographical zenith."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"50","title":{"es":"nicholas i: (1796-1855) emperor of russia 1825-55."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111331/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:29.411Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111331,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111332/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111332/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an interesting a.l.s., wellington, two pages, 8vo, stratfield saye, 14th december 1838 to an unidentifiable lady [at farley hall, reading]. wellington states, in full, 'i am much obliged to you for your note of which i return the inclosure (no longer present). i am afraid that matters are not quite so pressing in jamaica. as the existence of prisoners depends upon the negroes being something more than tranquil, i do not feel satisfied with sir lionel smiths statement. i hope that your accounts of your daughter are satisfactory to you. believe me, ever yours most faithfully\u2026.' with blank integral leaf. some very light, extremely minor age wear, vgsir lionel smith (1778-1842) british diplomat, colonial administrator, and soldier. governor of jamaica from 1836-39. smith left jamaica in 1839 having run into difficulties with the passing of the prisons act and dissolving jamaica's assembly. wellington's dissatisfaction may in part be due to smith's statement of 8th november 1838 in which he stated 'no house of assembly can now be found which will acknowledge the authority of queen, lords, and commons to enact laws for jamaica, or that will be likely to pass just and prudent laws for a large portion of the negro population lately brought to freedom.'arthur wellesley, 1st duke of wellington, was one of the leading military and political figures of 19th century britain. his defeat of napoleon at the battle of waterloo in 1815 put him in the top rank of britain's military heroes, and he remained commander-in-chief of the british army until his death. wellington served twice as prime minister and continued as one of the leading figures in the house of lords until his retirement. in 2002 wellington was placed fourteenth in the bbc's poll of the 100 greatest britons."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"51","title":{"es":"wellington duke of: (1769-1852) anglo-irish field marshal & british prime minister 1828-30, 1834."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111332/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.671Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111332,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111333/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111333/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., c babbage, two pages, 4to, dorset street, manchester square, 7th january 1838, to a gentleman. babbage announces 'i cannot readily suppose you have forgotten me nor do i wish at all to do more than give you every information you think requisite when you can act effectively must be left entirely to circumstances and your own judgement and i at least shall never urge you' and adds 'most probably it will be desirable that i should be able to refer to books and papers when i see you & therefore i do not offer to visit you at mortlake'. babbage continues to explain 'i am almost always at home until twelve - and will be so for the next three days certainly. but if you sleep in town will you come and eat a beefsteak with me either on tuesday at six or at any hour you will fix or else on thursday. my house is undergoing a repair and i have only one habitable room or i would offer you a bed. i have two other subjects on which i wish to say a word.' some extremely minor, very light age wear, vgbabbage generally favoured writing his letters on 8vo or 12mo paper, making the present, larger 4to example particularly desirable. interestingly, american book prices current, record several other letters by babbage written on 4to paper, most written to eminent correspondents including michael faraday and peter mark roget. it can safely be assumed therefore that babbage held the recipient of the present letter in esteem given his choice of larger stationery.babbage had a very large circle of friends and acquaintances who were frequent visitors to his home, where they were able to examine and admire the various examples of the analytical and difference engines. in 1838, the same year as the present letter, babbage invented the pilot (or cowcatcher) during his time working for the liverpool and manchester railway. the device is mounted at the front of a locomotive to deflect obstacles on the track that might otherwise derail the train.an english polymath, babbage is best remembered for originating the concept of a programmable computer and is considered by some as the 'father of the computer'."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"52","title":{"es":"babbage charles: (1791-1871) english mathematician & inventor."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111333/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.673Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111333,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111334/5/5.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111334/6/6.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"john ellis (1789-1862), british businessman, chairman of the midland railway.during the construction of the midland railway, several seams of coal were discovered as workmen cut the claycross tunnel. stephenson's vision of a country supplied with coal by railway was beginning to take shape and he proceeded to expand into the lands around claycross.renowned as the 'father of railways', stephenson was considered by victorians as a first-rate example of what could be achieved with diligent application and a thirst for improvement. great britain led the world in the development of railways which acted as a stimulus for the industrial revolution by facilitating the transport of raw materials and manufactured goods. stephenson was farsighted in realising that the individual lines being built would eventually be joined together, and would need to have the same gauge. his rail gauge of 4 feet 8 1\u20442 inches (1,435 mm), sometimes called the 'stephenson gauge', is the standard gauge by name and by convention for most of the world's railways. in 2002 stephenson was named in the bbc's list of the 100 greatest britons."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"53","title":{"es":"stephenson george: (1781-1848) english civil engineer who built the first public inter-city railway line in the world to use steam locomotives, 1830. a fine l.s., geo. stephenson, two pages, 8vo, tapton house, 10th july 1848, to john ellis. stephenson informs his correspondent that he is forwarding a letter (no longer present) sent from 'your great man' barlow, continuing to express doubts about his suitability, and asking 'wouldn't it better to fix upon some person who has a little knowledge of geology and coal working to report upon the subject referred to in our correspondence?', further remarking 'you will have many a serious business on the coal under the railway. perhaps there is no man would have done as i have; i might have made the company pay for the coal, bit i did not think it was necessary to do so.' stephenson concludes 'i must say again that barlow is an unfit man to give his opinion on such subjects.' the conclusion of stephenson's signature slightly runs on to the otherwise blank integral leaf. a letter of fine content for its references to coal and railways. some very light, minor traces of mounting to the verso, vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111334/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.674Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111334,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111335/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an unusual printed 8vo page annotated by wagner, being the introduction to a publication relating to the composer's opera tannhauser, the german text to the recto and verso of the page, removed from a first edition work published by schulthess of zurich, august 1852. at the head of the first page wagner has added the words 'programm der ouvertüre zu tannhäuser' in his hand. a thin strip of sellotape staining to the left edge, not affecting the printed text or wagner's holograph annotation. some very light, minor creasing, about vgtannhäuser und der sängerkrieg auf wartburg (1845) is an opera in three acts with music and text by wagner, inspired by two german legends. the story centres on the struggle between sacred and profane love, and redemption through love, a theme running through much of wagner's mature work. wagner made a number of revisions of the opera throughout his life and was still unsatisfied with its format when he died. the most significant revision was made for the opera's premiere in paris in 1861. the opera remains a staple of major opera house repertoire in the 21st century.richard wagner is primarily known for his operas (or 'music dramas' as some of his later works were known) and, unlike most opera composers, wagner wrote both the libretto and music for each of his stage works. the composer revolutionised opera through his concept of the gesamtkunstwerk ('total work of art') and described his vision in a series of essays published between 1849-52. wagner's most important operas continue to be performed annually at the bayreuth festival, run by his descendants. the effect of wagner's ideas can be traced in many of the arts throughout the 20th century; his influence spread beyond composition into conducting, philosophy, literature, the visual arts and theatre."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"54","title":{"es":"wagner richard: (1813-1883) german composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111335/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.676Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111335,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111336/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., victor hugo, one page, 8vo, 17th may [1849], to [athanase laurent charles] coquerel, in french. hugo writes a letter of introduction and states, in part, `it is with great pleasure that i introduce you to mr. gayard, member of our peace congress. he is a distinguished writer and a bearer and friend of the higher christian thoughts whose apostle is yourself. ´ with blank integral leaf. vgathanase laurent charles coquerel (1795-1868) french protestant theologian and politician. coquerel was elected deputy of the constituent assembly following the revolution of february 1848 and four days before the present letter was written he had become a member of the legislative assembly in the french parliamentary elections of 13th & 14th may 1849.the french poet, novelist and dramatist of the romantic movement, hugo is considered one of the greatest and best-known french writers. in france his literary fame comes first from his poetry, however outside of france his best-known works are the novels les miserables (1862) and notre-dame de paris (1831; known in english as the hunchback of notre-dame). hugo also earned respect as a campaigner for social causes, such as the abolition of capital punishment. (see also lot 71)"},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"55","title":{"es":"hugo victor: (1802-1885) french poet and novelist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111336/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.678Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111336,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111337/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"rare a.m.q.s., gioachino rossini, one page, oblong folio manuscript paper, florence, 3rd june 1853. in bold dark fountain pen ink, rossini has neatly penned a quotation for piano forte comprising ten bars of music across two staves, with small annotations, which he identifies as a[ndanti]no. signed and dated by the composer immediately beneath the quotation. the document bears a watermark. some light creasing and minor overall age wear, vgrossini wrote some 39 operas, the best known perhaps being the barber of seville, and was a prolific composer of sacred music, chamber music, songs and some other instrumental pieces. known as 'the italian mozart', until his retirement in 1829 rossini had been the most popular opera composer in history."},"estimateMax":4000,"lotNumber":"56","title":{"es":"rossini gioachino: (1792-1868) italian composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111337/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":3000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.679Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - £4,000","currency":"GBP","id":111337,"estimateMin":3000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111338/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a blanc image inscribed to another blanca very fine, large signed and inscribed sepia 9.5 x 12 photograph by rossini, the oval image depicting the composer seated in a half length pose. photograph by numa blanc and signed by him to the lower right margin of the image with their name alone. signed and inscribed in fountain pen ink by rossini to the lower photographer's mount, in french, 'offert a mon aimable confrere et ami adolphe blanc, g. rossini', and dated paris, 21st november 1859 in his hand. a wonderful signed portrait with an excellent association. a couple of very light, extremely minor stains to the background of the image and some very light, minor age wear to the photographer's mount, largely to the extreme edges. vgadolphe blanc (1828-1885) french composer of chamber music.numa blanc (1816-1897) french photographer.rossini wrote some 39 operas, the best known perhaps being the barber of seville, and was a prolific composer of sacred music, chamber music, songs and some other instrumental pieces. known as 'the italian mozart', until his retirement in 1829 rossini had been the most popular opera composer in history."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"57","title":{"es":"rossini gioachino: (1792-1868) italian composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111338/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.680Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111338,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/22/22.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/23/23.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/24/24.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/25/25.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/26/26.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/27/27.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111339/28/28.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a lengthy a.l.s., victoria, seven pages, 8vo, windsor castle, 19th january 1850, to a cousin, in german. writing on black monogrammed mourning stationery the queen pens a letter of condolence on the passing of 'our aunt adelheid', commenting 'i was certain how large your grief and your sympathy would be. you were prepared, but this doesn't diminish the deep sorrow we are feeling, when such dear and admirable people are taken away from us! but now the much-loved are well, because their suffering was great for several years'. the queen also expresses her pleasure that their aunt had witnessed the marriage of a nephew, 'also we were pleased with this marriage and we hope the young couple will be happy' and further writes 'poor, good edward is quite orphaned now and every day he feels more how big his loss is; and he has also lost his home with this! the dear aunts loved him and treated him like their own child - you can be sure, dear cousin, that we will give him any compensation we could to relieve the pain of his loss'. victoria remarks on the cold weather in england and germany and concludes her letter in a positive manner, 'now receive my deepest wishes for the new year. furthermore, may god save you and your revered husband and your dear children, and may the year 50 be good for the luck and restoration of germany. with cordial regards from my dear albert, i remain, for always, your loyal cousin and friend\u2026.' . some very light, extremely minor age wear, vgthe present letter was written following the death of adelaide of saxe-meiningen (1792-1849) queen consort of the united kingdom and of hanover 1830-37, the spouse of king william iv. adelaide had passed away at the age of 57 at bentley priory in middlesex on 2nd december 1849.queen victoria's long reign of 63 years and seven months is known as the victorian era of british history and witnessed a long period of peace and prosperity as well as overseeing great industrial, cultural, political, scientific and military change within the united kingdom, further marked by a great expansion of the british empire."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"58","title":{"es":"victoria: (1819-1901) queen of the united kingdom great britain & ireland 1837-1901."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111339/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.682Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111339,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111340/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., m faraday, one page, 8vo, royal institution, 3rd march 1853, to dr. s. muspratt. faraday states that he cannot comply with his correspondent's note, explaining 'upon principle i never aid in the slightest degree to any such proposition as that which you make which has relation to myself' and adding 'i really know so little of matters concerning my own face that i could not tell you of my own knowledge whether there is any likeness of myself or not\u2026.' with blank integral leaf. vgjames sheridan muspratt (1821-1871) irish research chemist whose most influential publication was chemistry, theoretical, practical and analytical as applied and relating to the arts and manufactures (2 vols., 1857-60).faraday was one of the most influential scientists in history. it was by his research on the magnetic field around a conductor carrying a direct current that faraday established the basis for the concept of the electromagnetic field in physics. as a chemist, faraday discovered benzene and popularised terminology such as 'anode', 'cathode', 'electrode' and 'ion'. albert einstein kept a picture of faraday on his study wall, alongside pictures of isaac newton and james clerk maxwell, and physicist ernest rutherford said of faraday that he was 'one of the greatest scientific discoverers of all time'."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"59","title":{"es":"faraday michael: (1791-1867) english chemist & physicist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111340/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.683Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111340,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111341/13/13.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111341/14/14.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111341/15/15.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111341/16/16.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"two a.ls.s., a i noel byron, both two pages, 8vo, brighton and regents park, 1st april and 12th july 1856, each to [revd. george] armstrong. in the first letter lady byron replies to her correspondent and states 'i can only say that the evidence is in my opinion against the genuineness of those lines - it is difficult to prove a negative however' and adding that she will make enquiries 'to elicit the truth'. she continues 'i do not believe that any lady was authorised to write that life'. in the second letter lady byron declares 'i have satisfied myself as to the quarter from which the lines in question proceeded. certainly not from any lady of the respectability of the one named in your letter' and continues 'mr. grant has been imposed upon, but whether consciously or unconsciously by the gentleman (for of him i have no knowledge) i cannot say. mr. grant's statement in his letter does not agree in all points with that made to me in writing at the time by the gentleman who had the interview with him - on my behalf. to take any further notice of the matter would probably fall in with the views of the originators of this forgery'. both letters with blank integral leaves. an intriguing pair of letters concerning a byron forgery. some light age wear and very minor, light staining, otherwise vg, 2revd. george armstrong (1791-1857) unitarian minister, a vociferous opponent of slavery, as was lady byron.byron forgeries are not uncommon. the self-styled 'major byron' who claimed to be the son of the poet as a result of a liaison between byron and a countess de luna in spain in 1809, contributed both poems and letters to the field. lady caroline lamb forged a letter from byron to herself with the purpose of acquiring a portrait of the poet. the identity of the lady referred to in the present letters is not known.a highly educated and strictly religious woman, anne isabella milbanke's marriage to the amoral and agnostic poet george gordon byron seemed an unlikely match and, indeed, soon ended in acrimony. however the marriage did produce a daughter, ada, who later worked as a mathematician with charles babbage. lady byron had felt that an education in mathematics and logic would counteract any possible inherited tendency towards lord byron's insanity and romantic excess."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"60","title":{"es":"[byron lord]: (1788-1824) british poet, a leading figure in the romantic movement. milbanke anne isabella (1792-1860) lady byron. wife of george gordon byron, lord byron, from 1815-16."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111341/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:24.684Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111341,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111342/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111342/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., david livingstone, two pages, 8vo, albemarle street, 2nd december 1857, to a gentleman. livingstone politely declines a dinner invitation, explaining that he is 'going to cambridge on friday and may not get through my public speaking before saturday afternoon'. with blank integral leaf (neatly mounted to a portion of a page removed from an album). vgthe present letter is written from 50 albemarle street, the home and office of the scottish publisher john murray (1778-1843) from 1812. literary london flocked to his house and murray became the centre of the publishing world. the last journals of david livingstone in central africa from 1865 to his death were published in two volumes by murray in 1874.on 4th december 1857, two days after writing the present letter, livingstone was introduced at senate house in cambridge by william whewell and the geologist adam sedgwick where, it has been reported, the large audience cheered livingstone's concluding appeal for missionaries.livingstone was one of the most popular national heroes of late 19th century victorian britain. his fame as an explorer and his obsession with discovering the source of the river nile was founded on the belief that if he could solve that old-age mystery, his fame would give him the influence to end the east african arab-swahili slave trade. his meeting with henry morton stanley on 10th november 1871 gave rise to the popular quotation 'dr. livingstone, i presume?'"},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"61","title":{"es":"livingstone david: (1813-1873) scottish missionary & explorer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111342/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.040Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111342,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111343/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111343/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111343/12/12.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a good a.l.s., florence nightingale, four pages, 8vo, south street, london, 26th april 1864, to sir john lawrence, marked private. nightingale writes in ink on mourning stationery and announces 'i have twice had news of lady lawrence and your bab-kin', explaining that her sister and brother-in-law, the verneys, had been to southgate to enquire after lady lawrence with lady hatherton, 'and your eldest daughter was so good as to receive them with all her own peculiar charm'. nightingale remarks 'my sister fell quite in love with her. she said her extreme modesty (to use a good old english word) her unconsciousness of self & withal her perfect self-possession, make her quite a remarkable person. [these are the elements of a great \"man\"]', further continuing 'the little three year old, whom my sister calls brat-kin, & who i believe is your especial pet, took lady hatherton's fore finger in his little hand, & said, \"you are to come & see baby\", & led her away. but of course he was too wise a little man to allow her to see \"mama\". then he rode upon my brother-in-law's foot, & made great friends with him'. she continues to inform lawrence of a garden full of boys and girls playing happily together, her sister having told her that 'it was so little like the artificial hot bed of what london children mostly are now' and adding 'my sister's eyes were full of tears when she described to me the beautiful scene'. nightingale also comments on lawrence's other daughters, 'i think they are longing very much for that time to come to join you. and i can fancy that even the baby is considered by lady lawrence something of an interloper because it prevented her from going out with you. they said that you had taken a house at simla for them.' nightingale concludes her informative letter 'my description is a very poor one; but you will fill it up. it only increases the greatness of your sacrifice. god grant you may see them all again safe & well, both those who are going out to you & those who are to be left behind in england is the fervent prayer of your faithful servt. \u2026..' . with blank integral leaf. the pages of the letter are neatly tied together to the upper left corner with a thin red and white entwined string. vgjohn lawrence (1811-1879) 1st baron lawrence. british statesman. lawrence had taken up his position as viceroy and governor-general of india on 12th january 1864 and continued in the post until 12th january 1869.frances parthenope verney (1819-1890) english writer & journalist, sister of florence nightingale. on 24th june 1858 parthenope married her sister's rejected suitor harry verney (1801-1894) english soldier and politician. she was an active supporter of her sister's work during the crimean war.lady margaret percy (c.1825-1897) daughter of george percy (1778-1867) 5th duke of northumberland and wife of edward littleton (1815-1888) 2nd baron hatherton. british peer & politician.florence nightingale is widely considered as the founder of modern nursing and gave the profession a highly favourable reputation, as such becoming an icon of victorian culture, particularly in the persona of 'the lady with the lamp' who made rounds of the wounded soldiers of the crimean war at night."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"62","title":{"es":"nightingale florence: (1820-1910) british pioneer of nursing."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111343/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.041Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111343,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111344/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111344/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"early a.l.s., arthur s. sullivan, two pages, 8vo, claverton terrace, st. george's road, 19th september 1864, to william john beale. sullivan writes to accept, with pleasure, his correspondent's kind invitation to dinner on the 27th, 'especially as it will afford me an opportunity of again meeting some of my kind birmingham friends'. about exwilliam john beale (1807-1883) british solicitor, the founder of the legal firm beale & co. of birmingham and london. at the head of a highly successful company, whose clients included the midland bank, beale's philanthropic efforts included supporting birmingham's triennial music festival. sullivan's association with works for voice and orchestra began with the masque at kenilworth, a cantata that premiered at the birmingham triennial festival on 8th september 1864, a little over a week before the present letter was written. it was also in 1864 that sullivan composed his first ballet, l'ile enchantee, one of his best received early pieces of work.arthur sullivan is most remembered for his series of fourteen operatic collaborations with the dramatist w. s. gilbert including h.m.s. pinafore, the pirates of penzance and the mikado. at the time of his death sullivan was regarded as britain's foremost composer and his comic opera style served as a model for the generations of musical theatre composers that followed, and his music is still frequently performed, recorded and pastiched."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"63","title":{"es":"sullivan arthur: (1842-1900) english composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111344/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.043Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111344,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111345/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111345/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., b disraeli, three pages, 8vo, hughenden manor, 31st august 1864, to the earl of clanwilliam ('my dear lord'). disraeli writes 'you said you shd. certainly be hanging about town, or the south, for some little time' and enquires 'shall you be in our parts during the impending month? and, if so, may we count on the great pleasure of seeing you\u2026.to stay a few days, & taste the air of the chiltern hills?' in a postscript disraeli adds that the nearest station is high wycombe ('only about two miles from our gates'). the final leaf of the letter is neatly laid down to a portion of a page removed from an album, otherwise vgrichard meade (1795-1879) 3rd earl of clanwilliam. british diplomat & politician who served as lord castlereagh's private secretary from 1817-19.disraeli, the only british prime minister of jewish birth, served two terms in office and played a central role in the creation of the modern conservative party. a rival of the liberal party leader william gladstone, disraeli is remembered for his influential voice in world affairs and he made the conservatives the party most identified with the glory and power of the british empire."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"64","title":{"es":"disraeli benjamin: (1804-1881) british prime minister 1868, 1874-80."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111345/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.044Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111345,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111346/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., alex. dumas, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d., to porcher, in french. dumas states `i will come to have dinner with you when my first act will be finished, and it won´t be finished before wednesday´ further adding `when i go for dinner with you i will eat for three days like a wolf and a fool´ and concludes `i must have finished my three acts by the 15th. ´ with blind embossed monogram to the upper left corner. some very light staining and minor age wear and a few small traces of former mounting to the left edge, not affecting the text or signature, about vgjean baptiste porcher (1792-1864) & alix renique porcher (1807-1887), french theatrical agents who used to purchase copyrights and ticket passes for their authors, later reselling them at the entrance doors of theatres.dumas is one of the most widely read of french writers and his works have inspired more than 200 motion pictures."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"65","title":{"es":"dumas alexandre: pere (1802-1870) french writer whose historical novels of high adventure include the three musketeers (1844)."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111346/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":380,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.046Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111346,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111347/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an attractive vintage signed sepia carte-de-visite photograph by dumas, the oval sepia albumen image by pierre petit of paris depicting the writer in a formal half length pose. signed ('avec mille compliments alex. dumas') in fountain pen ink to a clear area beneath the image. photographer's imprint to the lower mount and verso. vgdumas is one of the most widely read of french writers and his works have inspired more than 200 motion pictures."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"66","title":{"es":"dumas alexandre: pere (1802-1870) french writer whose historical novels of high adventure include the three musketeers (1844)."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111347/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.047Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111347,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111348/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., ludovico, one page, 4to, monaco, 21st january 1865, to cardinal [lodovico] altieri, in italian. king ludwig ii thanks his correspondent for 'the good wishes which your excellency sent me on the recurrence of the holy feast of the nativity', and sends his in return for the cardinal's 'complete prosperity'. with blank integral leaf. an elegantly penned and boldly signed letter written in the first new year of king ludwig ii's reign. two very small, minor spots of foxing, not affecting the text or signature, vglodovico altieri (1805-1867) italian cardinal, served as the camerlengo of the roman catholic church 1857-67, previously nuncio to austria for pope gregory xvi. during the cholera epidemic that affected his diocese, assisting the sick and dying, he himself contracted the malady, dying in 1867.king ludwig ii of bavaria is sometimes referred to as the swan king (english) or the fairy tale king (german). a reclusive king, ludwig increasingly withdrew from day-to-day affairs of state in favour of extravagant artistic and architectural projects. he commissioned the construction of two lavish palaces and the neuschwanstein castle, and was a devoted patron of the composer richard wagner. his extravagance was used against him to declare him insane, an accusation which has since come under scrutiny. even before he died, ludwig had already become something of an enigma 'i want to remain an eternal mystery to myself and others', he once told his governess, and it is this mysterious element that still fascinates people today."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"67","title":{"es":"ludwig ii: (1845-1886) king of bavaria 1864-86."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111348/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":620,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.049Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111348,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111349/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine a.l.s., charles dickens (a good example, with paraph), one page, 8vo, gad's hill place, higham by rochester, kent, 26th june 1866, to george dolby ('my dear dolby'). dickens writes, in full, 'assuming that your domestic anxieties [regarding his wife's pregnancy] will be over by saturday the 14th july, will you come down here on that day and arrange to stay over the monday, so that we may see something of the country? i have asked mr. arthur chappell for the same time and have told him (both by this same post) that i am writing to you'. with blank integral leaf. about exgeorge dolby (1831-1900) english theatre manager, employed by the publishers chappell & co. to manage dickens' reading tour of 1866. in her biography dickens: a life (2011) claire tomalin describes dolby as 'a big man, full of energy, optimism and know-how, and talkative, with a stammer he bravely disregarded. he was thirty-five, just married, a theatre manager out of work and keen to take on the running of dickens' next reading tour. he was sent by chappell, the music publishers who were setting up the tour, and he won dickens' confidence at once and quickly became a friend. they laughed and joked together like boys, and enjoyed the small rituals of travel'. dolby wrote of his experiences in charles dickens as i knew him (1885).samuel arthur chappell (1834-1904) english publisher, youngest son of samuel chappell of the music publishers chappell & co.dickens' last completed novel, our mutual friend, had been published in 1865. in 1866, the year of the present letter, despite not being in the most robust health, dickens accepted an offer of £1500 from chappell & co to participate in a series of thirty public readings in london and the provinces. it was the first such tour he had undertaken for three years. the tour concluded on 12th june 1866, shortly before the date of the present letter, and it would be reasonable to assume that the weekend planned by dickens would give himself the opportunity to review the tour with dolby and chappell, and also discuss the next which was scheduled to start in the following january.dickens created some of the world's best known fictional characters and his novels have enjoyed lasting popularity. regarded as the greatest novelist of the victorian era, critics and scholars of the 20th century have recognised dickens as a literary genius."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"68","title":{"es":"dickens charles: (1812-1870) english novelist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111349/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.050Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111349,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111350/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111350/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., j. s. mill, two pages, 8vo, blackheath park, 28th january 1866, to a gentleman. mill acknowledges receipt of his correspondent's letter and adds that 'though the contemplated exhibition and botanical congress would be very interesting to me, my occupations will preclude me from taking any part in it\u2026..' . some very light, extremely minor age wear, otherwise vgthe present letter is apparently unpublished and does not appear in the later letters (ed. mineka and lindley, 1972).mill is considered one of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism and widely contributed to social and political theory and political economy. mill was a proponent of utilitarianism, the ethical theory developed by his predecessor jeremy bentham (see lot xxx). a member of the liberal party, mill was the first member of parliament to call for women's suffrage."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"69","title":{"es":"mill john stuart: (1806-1873) british philosopher and political economist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111350/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.051Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111350,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111351/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., hector berlioz, one page, 8vo, paris, 12th october 1867, to camille, in french. berlioz informs his correspondent 'i have just received via you from my buyer du jacques the sum of two thousand francs that he only owed me on the 1st november next, that he kindly advanced me due to my trip to russia' and further remarks 'when you see him, thank him on my behalf. a thousand greetings'. in a postscript berlioz confirms that he will leave on the 12th november. some ink blotting to certain words of text (but not the signature) evidently caused by the letter being folded while the ink was still wet. some light creasing and a few small pinholes to the upper left corner and with a neat split to the central fold (partially repaired to the verso) only very slightly affecting a few words of text, gthe present letter is written by berlioz ahead of his second tour of russia. the tours proved so successful that they secured the composer's finances despite the large amounts of money he was losing in writing unsuccessful compositions. indeed, having been persuaded by mikhail glinka to undertake the tours, berlioz amusingly quipped 'if the emperor of russia wants me, then i am up for sale'.the french romantic composer berlioz is best known for his compositions symphonie fantastique and grande messe des morts (requiem). his influence was critical for the further development of romanticism, especially in composers like richard wagner, nikolai rimsky-korsakov, franz liszt, richard strauss and gustav mahler."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"70","title":{"es":"berlioz hector: (1803-1869) french composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111351/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:22.053Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111351,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111352/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"vintage signed sepia cabinet photograph, the oval image depicting hugo in a head and shoulders pose. photograph by m. lopez of paris. signed by hugo in bold black fountain pen ink with his name alone to the lower photographer's mount. matted in dark brown and framed and glazed in a decorative frame to an overall size of 10 x 12. some very light, extremely minor age wear, vgthe french poet, novelist and dramatist of the romantic movement, hugo is considered one of the greatest and best-known french writers. in france his literary fame comes first from his poetry, however outside of france his best-known works are the novels les miserables (1862) and notre-dame de paris (1831; known in english as the hunchback of notre-dame). hugo also earned respect as a campaigner for social causes, such as the abolition of capital punishment. (see also lot 55)"},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"71","title":{"es":"hugo victor: (1802-1885) french poet and novelist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111352/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esart_photography","esart","escollectibles_all","esart_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.712Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111352,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111353/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., a tennyson, one page, 8vo, farringford, freshwater, isle of wight, 18th april 1870, to [rev. john richard vernon]. tennyson confirms that he shall be happy to receive a copy of his correspondent's random truths in common things and adds 'if i am ever in your neighbourhood i shall be glad to call & make your acquaintance'. the poet continues 'as to the complete 'idylls of the king' i do not keep copies by me but if you will write to mr. strahan & tell him from me to send you a copy i have just found one in the house here & send it'. with blank integral leaf. vgthe reverend prebendary john richard vernon (1833-1902) served various curacies (at the time of the present letter at stogumber, somerset, 1869-71) and was vicar of st. audries, west quantoxhead in somerset from 1872 until his death. vernon wrote a series of books, principally musings and meditations on the christian faith inspired by country walks and the passing seasons, all of which were popular in their day, not least as suitable material for reading aloud in a christian family on a sunday evening. vernon and tennyson not only had a shared interest in literature; both were natives of lincolnshire, the former born in louth and the latter in somersby.in the present letter tennyson refers to the 'complete' idylls of the king, however it was published as a cycle of twelve narrative poems between 1859 and 1885. the work is arguably the most famous victorian adaptation of the legend of king arthur and the knights of the round table.tennyson served as poet laureate during much of queen victoria's reign and remains one of the most popular british poets."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"72","title":{"es":"tennyson alfred: (1809-1892) english poet laureate."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111353/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":780,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.714Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111353,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111354/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a very fine signed sepia cabinet photograph, the image depicting the emperor in a formal head and shoulders pose wearing his military uniform and medals. photograph by levitsky and bearing his imprint to the lower mount. signed ('alexandre') in bold, dark fountain pen ink to a clear area at the base of the image and dated 1876 in his hand. exthe present photograph was signed in a significant year of the emperor's life. the third of his four children with his mistress princess catherine dolgorukov, boris alexandrovich yurievsky, was born on 23rd february 1876 (and died a few months later on 11th april 1876). the emperor appears prominently in the opening two chapters of jules verne's michael strogoff (published in 1876; see also lot 78) alexander ii sets the book's plot in motion and sends its eponymous protagonist on the dangerous and vital mission which would occupy the rest of the novel. verne presents the emperor in a very positive light, as an enlightened yet firm ruler, dealing confidently and decisively with a rebellion.alexander ii's most important act as emperor was the emancipation of russia's serfs in 1861, for which he earned the title alexander the liberator."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"73","title":{"es":"alexander ii: (1818-1881) emperor of russia 1855-81. assassinated."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111354/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esart_photography","esart","escollectibles_all","esart_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":4200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.715Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111354,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111355/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., g. verdi, one page, 8vo, santa agata, 14th october 1877, to [giovanni] maloberti, in italian. verdi writes a brief letter to his friend, stating 'here you have 120 lire for the whole year 1878. do not send me either the chinese vases or the other one'. with blank integral leaf. some very light, extremely minor foxing, vggiovanni maloberti (1799-1880) italian violinist and the philharmonic concertmaster in piacenza, a close friend of verdi for more than fifty years. when maloberti retired from playing music he became an antique dealer and, in verdi, he found the ideal customer. the composer was, as the present letter suggests, a passionate antique collector and filled his homes with antique furniture, paintings and objet d'art.verdi rose to prominence in the italian opera scene after the era of bellini, donizetti and rossini, whose works significantly influenced him, and is now regarded as one of the pre-eminent opera composers in history. verdi's operas remain extremely popular, in particular the works rigoletto, il trovatore and la traviata, all of which continue to be performed each year at the leading opera houses around the world."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"74","title":{"es":"verdi giuseppe: (1813-1901) italian composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111355/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.716Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111355,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111356/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111356/8/8.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a good a.l.s., edward lear, two pages, 8vo, duchess street, portland place, 25th june 1877, to a gentleman. lear states that, upon his return from surrey, he has found his correspondent's book of bosh and 'hasten to thank you for it & for your dedication of it to me the father of nonsense'. he continues 'i have not time to look at it much just now, but i thought at a glance, the two ladies going down into the cellar very funny'. with blank integral leaf. a couple of very light, minor ink smudges to a few letters of the text and signature, vgthe book of bosh was published anonymously in 1875 and is described as containing 'amusing and instructive stories in rhyme'. later editions appeared in the 1890s and the title was re-used for an anthology of lear's own lyrics and prose in 1975.lear, the english artist, illustrator, musician, author and poet, is known today largely for his literary nonsense in poetry and prose and especially his limericks, a form he popularized."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"75","title":{"es":"lear edward: (1812-1888) english artist, illustrator and poet."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111356/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.718Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111356,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111357/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., l. pasteur, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d. ('dimanche soir'), to `cher maitre´, in french. pasteur writes a respectful letter to the correspondent he addresses as master, thanking them for an invitation for monday at 7pm, and which he has great pleasure in accepting. with blank integral leaf. about expasteur is renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurisation. remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of diseases, his discoveries have saved countless lives ever since. pasteur created the first vaccines for rabies and anthrax and his medical discoveries provided direct support for the germ theory of disease and its application in clinical medicine. outside of the medical profession he is best known for his invention of the technique of treating milk and wine to stop bacterial contamination, a process called pasteurisation. one of the three main founders of bacteriology (with cohn and koch), pasteur is popularly known as the 'father of microbiology'."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"76","title":{"es":"pasteur louis: (1822-1895) french chemist & microbiologist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111357/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":750,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.719Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111357,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111358/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., c l dodgson, one page, small 8vo, christ church, oxford, 24th june 1880, to 'my dear mab' [mabel burton]. writing in his characteristic purple ink dodgson informs his young friend, 'that would be too late: people crowd in so after 10, that i like to come away about then. perhaps we may manage it some other day.' with blank integral leaf. vgcarroll noted in his diary of 6th august 1877, that during his visit to eastbourne he 'went on the pier in the evening, and made another fortunate acquaintance\u2026 my new friend is mabel amy burton, of 53 pentonville road, islington. she seems to be about 8\u2026 mabel herself is entirely charming, and without an atom of shyness: i never became friends with a child so easily or so quickly'. burton, born in 1869, was 11 years old at the time of the present letter.charles lutwidge dodgson, better known by his pen name lewis carroll, was the author of the classic children's stories alice's adventures in wonderland (1865) and its sequel through the looking-glass (1871) which includes the poem jabberwocky and the poem the hunting of the snark, all examples of the genre of literary nonsense. dodgson is noted for his facility at word play, logic and fantasy. there are societies in many parts of the world dedicated to the enjoyment and promotion of his works and the investigation of his life."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"77","title":{"es":"carroll lewis: (1832-1898) charles lutwidge dodgson. english writer, mathematician, logician, anglican deacon, and photographer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111358/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.720Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111358,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111359/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., jules verne, one page, small 8vo, amiens, 22nd february 1881, to [marcus mayer], in french. verne states that he left paris ten days ago and is therefore not aware of the publicity his correspondent has been receiving. the author adds that he notes the balance will be paid at the end of march and continues to comment 'my only reason in writing to you has been to finish with this dreadful grant affair. i think, as you do, that it isn't much good: nonetheless, it is played in america (i have been sent programmes and posters)' verne also states that he concludes his correspondent has 'at least been able to make money from the play in the united states' and closes by hoping he will be happier with strogoff. with blank integral leaf. about vgmarcus mayer (1840-1918) american impresario who had managed tours for sarah bernhardt, lillie langtry, henry irving, adelina patti and others. for a while mayer served as manager of the princess's theatre, oxford street, and produced several of verne's works.adolphe d'ennery (1811-1899) french playwright and novelist who collaborated with verne in adapting his novels for the stage, including michael strogoff (1876), considered one of verne's best works. the present letter also mentions the 'grant affair' undoubtedly a reference to les enfants du captaine grant, verne's work of 1865.a major literary figure in france and throughout europe, verne is remembered for his widely popular adventure novels, including journey to the centre of the earth (1864), twenty thousand leagues under the sea (1870) and around the world in eighty days (1873). he has had a wide influence on the literary avant-garde and surrealism and, with h. g. wells, frequently shares the title of the 'father of science fiction'."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"78","title":{"es":"verne jules: (1828-1905) french author, a pioneer of the science fiction genre."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111359/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.722Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111359,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111360/19/19.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111360/20/20.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111360/21/21.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111360/22/22.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111360/23/23.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111360/24/24.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., c.g. gordon, four pages, 8vo, southampton, 15th march 1881, to [carl christian] geigler pasha. gordon commences his letter stating 'you have i think a copy of the sudan history also one of harar history\u2026.i would be very much obliged if you could have\u2026[them]\u2026copied and when you have a safe chance send them to me. however, whether you be afraid to do so, mind and take care of them and do not let them be lost to the world, when you do come home, send them to berlin museum. of course i would like to have the three copies myself, but i do not want you to be in any trouble about the matter.' gordon further writes 'gessi has written to me from cairo where he now is. i have heard nothing more of buchta or his photos, in fact i never do expect to me remembered and i do not fret', also sending news of another individual who 'came to dismal grief' accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by gordon (stamp torn away). vgcarl christian geigler (1844-1921) governor general of the egyptian province of sudan.romolo gessi (1831-1881) italian soldier, explorer of north-east africa, especially sudan and the nile river.richard buchta (1845-1894) austrian explorer. in 1877 he visited khartoum, where general gordon facilitated his journey to emin pasha at ladó, on the upper nile.charles gordon made his military reputation in china where he was placed in command of the 'ever victorious army', a force of chinese soldiers led by european officers. in the early 1860s gordon and his men were instrumental in putting down the taiping rebellion, regularly defeating much larger forces. for these accomplishments, he was given the nickname 'chinese gordon' and received honours from both the emperor of china and the british. gordon entered the service of the khedive in 1873 (with british government approval) and later became the governor-general of the sudan where he did much to suppress revolts and the slave trade."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"79","title":{"es":"gordon charles george: (1833-1885) british army officer, known as chinese gordon."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111360/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.723Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111360,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111361/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111361/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111361/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., henry m stanley, four pages, 8vo, balinakill, kintyre, scotland, 9th july 1885, to miss felicie hegemans. stanley informs his correspondent that with regret 'it has not been my good fortune to be able to pay a visit to the kindly, sympathetic & warm hearted people of cadogan gardens', explaining that 'various circumstances and a singular unbroken run of engagements mainly have prevented me from paying my respects to yourself & the sister graces who did me the honor to escort me round hampton.' stanley continues 'in respect to your invitation - re mons hegemans i fear that i shall never have the courage to pay a visit to a stranger, simply because i am on a visit to anvers ... even in london it is a difficult matter to get me out of my chambers\u2026' and concludes 'however mons. moscheles is such a friend of your father & has spoken so warmly of him i should look more to him to bring us together rather than to myself ... should i be in anvers it would be better for mons hegemans to call on me at my hotel when it would be most likely it would not require much persuasion to induce me to accompany him to his house especially as the charming miss felicie would be there.' some light overall age toning and a small tear at the base of the central vertical fold, only very slightly affecting a couple of words of text, but not the signature, about vgthe present letter was written from balinakill in kintyre, the home of sir william mackinnon (1823-1893) scottish shipping magnate. mackinnon had plans to lease from the sultan of zanzibar a vast area of east africa from the coast to the congo, which the british government refused to sanction. he also played the major part in financing stanley's emin pasha expedition.felix stone moscheles (1833-1917) english painter, peace activist and advocate of esperanto. moscheles lived at cadogan gardens and had recently painted stanley's portrait.stanley was famous for his exploration of central africa and his search for the missionary and explorer david livingstone. upon finding livingstone, stanley reportedly asked, 'dr. livingstone, i presume?' stanley is also known for his search for the source of the nile, his work in and development of the congo basin region in association with king leopold ii of the belgians, and commanding the emin pasha relief expedition. he was knighted in 1899."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"80","title":{"es":"stanley henry m.: (1841-1904) british explorer & journalist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111361/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:25.724Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111361,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111362/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a good, large vintage signed imperial cabinet photograph of the kaiser in a head and shoulders pose wearing his full military dress adorned by various medals and orders and a damask sash. photograph by reichard and lindner of berlin. signed ('william i.r.') with the english form of his signature, as imperator er rex (kaiser and king) to a clear area at the head of the image and dated 1889 in his hand. bearing the photographer's stamp and date, 1888, to the base of the image and lower photographer's mount and with photographer's imprint to the verso. an impressive signed photograph. some very light, minor overall foxing, otherwise vgthe present image was captured by the berlin photographers reichard and lindner in the first year of the emperor's reign.wilhelm ii served as the last german emperor from 1888, ending with his abdication in 1918. in 1890 he dismissed the chancellor otto von bismarck and launched germany on an aggressive 'new course' of foreign affairs that culminated in his support for austria-hungary in the crisis of july 1914 that, within a matter of days, led to world war i."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"81","title":{"es":"wilhelm ii: (1859-1941) german emperor & king of prussia 1888-1918."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111362/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.592Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £500","currency":"GBP","id":111362,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111363/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., v bismarck, one page, 4to, friedrichsruh, 4th april 1891, to 'your excellency', in german. bismarck sends thanks to his correspondent, as their 'friendly greeting for my birthday put me especially in mind of the longstanding ties between us, and i pray you to accept in return the expression of my most heartfelt thanks.' with blank integral leaf. some very slight, minor creasing, otherwise vgthe conservative prussian statesman and first chancellor of germany, bismarck dominated german and european affairs from the 1860s until 1890, the year before the present letter was signed. during the 1860s he engineered a series of wars which unified the german states, significantly and deliberately excluding austria, and led to a powerful german empire under prussian leadership. with that accomplished by 1871 he skilfully used the balance of power diplomacy to maintain germany's position in a europe which, despite many disputes and war scares, remained at peace. bismarck became a hero to german nationalists."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"82","title":{"es":"bismarck otto von: (1815-1898) prussian statesman."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111363/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.593Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£100 - £150","currency":"GBP","id":111363,"estimateMin":100},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111364/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111364/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111364/12/12.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare, attractive signed greetings card, the stiff oblong folding 12mo card (now neatly split into two halves at the central vertical fold) featuring a decorative colour floral design to the front cover and a printed caption ('besten gluckwunsch') in german to the inside, signed ('elisabeth') by the empress to the verso and with a five line greeting in her hand, in german, in full, 'may the lucky wings fulfil their mission and bring a wholehearted wish to you, from your faithful old friend'. vgelisabeth of bavaria (also affectionately known as 'sisi') was, at 44 years, the longest serving empress-consort of austria and had married her husband, franz joseph i, at the age of sixteen. elisabeth was ill-prepared for the formal habsburg court life and early in her marriage she was at odds with her mother-in-law, princess sophie, who took over the rearing of elisabeth's daughters. the birth of a male heir, rudolf, improved her standing at court considerably. however, the death of rudolf and his mistress in a murder-suicide tragedy at his hunting lodge in mayerling in 1889 had a huge impact on elisabeth from which she never fully recovered. she withdrew from court duties and travelled extensively, unaccompanied by her family. unusually tall, particularly beautiful and with long, flowing hair, elisabeth became obsessively concerned with maintaining her youthful figure and beauty, spending two or three hours each day on her coiffure. while travelling in geneva in 1898 she was stabbed to death by an italian anarchist."},"estimateMax":3500,"lotNumber":"83","title":{"es":"elisabeth of austria: (1837-1898) empress of austria, queen of hungary and queen consort of croatia and bohemia 1854-98, spouse of emperor franz joseph i. assassinated."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111364/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.595Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,500 - £3,500","currency":"GBP","id":111364,"estimateMin":2500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111365/13/13.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111365/14/14.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111365/15/15.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111365/16/16.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare vintage signed sepia 4.5 x 6.5 photograph, the image depicting tolstoy seated outdoors in a three quarter length pose, most likely in the grounds of yasnaya polyana. the writer is seen wearing his familiar plain, dark peasant robes. signed ('leo tolstoy') in bold black fountain pen ink to the lower photographer's mount and dated 17th october 1895 in his hand. double matted in dark brown and framed and glazed in a decorative frame to an overall size of 11.5 x 13. accompanied by the original envelope in which the photograph was transmitted, addressed in tolstoy's hand to joseph edwards in liverpool and bearing various postmarks dated 18th october 1895 (in russia) and 28th october 1895 (in liverpool, england). the envelope has extensive age wear, light overall dust staining and extensive tears and areas of paper loss to the edges. some minor abrasions to the image (most noticeable to tolstoy's eyes, and perhaps a deliberate act at some stage in the photograph's history) and with signs of retouching (evidently made in preparation for the publication of the photograph and largely to the folds of tolstoy's robes) and some creasing and age wear to the photographer's mount, only very slightly affecting tolstoy's signature, gthe present photograph (unfortunately not including the signature) was used as an illustration in the labour annual calendar for 1896, edited by joseph edwards. promoted as a 'year book of social, economic and political reform' the publication featured portraits of nine 'prominent living socialists', the present image of tolstoy being reproduced on one of the final pages with the printed caption 'count leo n. tolstoy, russian democrat and christian reformer'. other portraits featured in the publication include edward bellamy, tom mann and alfred russell wallace, some reproduced with their facsimile signatures. an original 8vo printed copy of the publication is included in the lot.tolstoy's novels war and peace (1869) and anna karenina (1877) are often cited as pinnacles of realist fiction and the russian writer is regarded as one of the greatest authors of all time. his ideas on nonviolent resistance had a profound effect on a number of pivotal 20th century figures including mahatma gandhi and martin luther king jr."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"84","title":{"es":"tolstoy leo: (1828-1910) russian novelist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111365/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":3200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.596Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111365,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111366/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111366/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111366/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., roger casement, three pages, folio, lourenco marques, mozambique, 29th may 1897, to his excellency the governor of mauritius. casement writes in his capacity as a british diplomat and consul and announces, for the information of the next of kin, that the director of the civil and military hospital in lourenco had deposited £6.11.10 with him, 'belonging to a native of mauritius whom the hospital authorities styled \"luiz oguis\", who died\u2026 on the 4th\u2026' casement continues to state that, from other sources, he has been informed that 'a native of mauritius named louis auguste, a mason by profession was admitted to the hospital some time ago suffering from a contagious disease.' in concluding he asks which authority in mauritius should be sent the money. some extensive, neat splitting to central fold (repaired), small tears to edges and light water staining, just affecting a few words of text but not the signature, gcasement worked in the congo for henry morton stanley and the african international association from 1884 before joining the colonial service, under the authority of the colonial office, first serving overseas as a clerk in british west africa before transferring to the foreign office service as british consul in the eastern part of the french congo.casement has been described as the 'father of 20th century human rights investigations', in recognition of his casement report on the congo (1905) in which he exposed the abuses of the enslavement, mutilation and torture of natives on the rubber plantations, and his important investigations of human rights abuses in peru, which led to his knighthood in 1911. during world war i casement sought the aid of the german military for the 1916 easter rising which sought to gain irish independence from british rule. as a result he was arrested, convicted and executed for treason."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"85","title":{"es":"casement roger: (1864-1916) irish patriot, revolutionary and nationalist, executed for treason."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111366/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":550,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.598Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111366,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111367/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111367/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111367/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., t-lautrec, three pages, 8vo, paris, n.d. (1898?), to 'mon cher theo' (van rysselberghe), in french. the artist informs his friend that he has returned from spain, where he met dario, and is now leaving for london in four days, asking van rysselberghe to supply him with the address of a dealer in london where he can buy some items. toulouse-lautrec also enquires as to when his correspondent will be in paris next as they must go to see a home when it is finished. in concluding he remarks that a mutual acquaintance will be going to brussels shortly and will meet van rysselberghe. autograph letters of toulouse-lautrec are rare as a result of his untimely death at the age of 36. one slight paperclip rust stain to the first page, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise vgtheo van rysselberghe (1862-1926) belgian neo-impressionist painter who played a pivotal role in the european art scene at the turn of the 20th century. co-founder of les xx (1883). rysselberghe had first met toulouse-lautrec in 1887 and was highly appreciative of his talent.toulouse-lautrec's family were anglophiles and, though not as fluent as he pretended to be, the artist spoke english well enough to travel to london, exhibiting works at goupil's gallery in may 1898. whilst in london toulouse-lautrec made posters, including the 'confetti' poster, and the bicycle advert 'la chaine simpson'. it was at this time that he also met and befriended oscar wilde.toulouse-lautrec immersed himself in the colourful and theatrical life of paris in the late 19th century, allowing himself to produce a collection of enticing, elegant and provocative images of the modern, and often decadent, life of those times. he is among the best-known painters of the post-impressionist period, along with cezanne, van gogh and gauguin."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"86","title":{"es":"toulouse-lautrec henri de: (1864-1901) french painter & illustrator."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111367/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.600Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111367,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111368/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111368/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a brief a.l.s., august strindberg, on one side of a printed postcard, lund, sweden, 28th may 1899, to emil schering, in swedish. strindberg apologises to his correspondent for a brief reply and thanks him for his translation which he is now reading. hand addressed by strindberg to the printed address panel. a few very minor ink smudges, not affecting the signature, vgemil schering (1873-1951) german translator who devoted much of his life to translating strindberg's works. schering's german translations were in turn used to produce editions in other european languages.the present letter refers to strindberg's work gustav vasa, which was to be published in october 1899.strindberg's career spanned four decades during which time he wrote over 60 plays and more than 30 works of fiction, ranging from autobiography and history to cultural analysis and politics. an experimenter and iconoclast throughout, strindberg developed innovative forms of dramatic action, language, and visual composition. he is considered the 'father of modern swedish literature' and his work the red room (1879) has frequently been described as the first modern swedish novel."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"87","title":{"es":"strindberg august: (1849-1912) swedish novelist and dramatist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111368/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":1100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.601Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111368,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111369/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111369/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., emile zola, two pages, 8vo, medan, 18th august 1893, to a gentleman, in french. zola informs his correspondent that he has just officially accepted the invitation of the english journalists 'and it is therefore absolutely decided that i shall attend their congress'. the novelist asks that he be kept informed if something untoward should happen and that his correspondent also sends him, as soon as possible, the toast to which zola will have to respond to, further commenting 'they will also ask me, i believe, to speak anonymously to the press\u2026.would you be so kind as to tell me what you think and what the majority of the journalists think. i want to know the land on which i am to walk'. in concluding zola remarks that he will perhaps call on the services of his correspondent whilst in london. some very light, minor age toning to the extreme edges and a few small areas of paper loss and minor tears, largely to the edges of the central vertical fold, otherwise about vgas the present letter confirms, zola did indeed travel to london to address the institute of journalists at their conference in 1893. whilst in england's capital zola was also honoured by one of the regular grand firework displays at crystal palace. on his visit the novelist was later to state 'i came away from london with a profound admiration of its wealth, grandeur and immensity. we have nothing in france to equal such things. it is a city made for me'. zola was to return to london five years later, living in upper norwood from october 1898 to june 1899 while in voluntary exile during the dreyfus affair.zola was an important figure in the political liberalisation of france and in the exoneration of the falsely accused and convicted army officer alfred dreyfus which is encapsulated in the renowned newspaper headline j'accuse. zola was nominated for the first and second nobel prize for literature in 1901 & 1902."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"88","title":{"es":"zola emile: (1840-1902) french novelist, playwright & journalist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111369/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":480,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.602Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111369,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111370/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., a dreyfus, one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d. ('samedi soir', c.1910-20), to a lady [éléonore-alexandrine meley], in french. dreyfus writes a polite letter to his correspondent, in full, 'we were sorry to have been unable to spend some time with you yesterday afternoon, but my wife and my daughter were delayed by their visit and we were going to the comic opera in the evening. with all our regrets, please accept the expression of my respectful and very kind greetings'. with blank integral leaf. about exéléonore-alexandrine meley (1839-1925) french seamstress, wife of emile zola from 1870.the dreyfus affair began in december 1894 with the treason conviction of captain alfred dreyfus who was sentenced to life imprisonment for allegedly communicating french military secrets to the german embassy in paris. dreyfus was imprisoned on devil's island in french guiana, where he spent almost five years. in 1896 evidence came to light which identified a french army major named ferdinand walsin esterhazy as the real culprit, however various high-ranking military officials suppressed the new evidence and a military court unanimously acquitted esterhazy at the conclusion of a trial which lasted just two days. the army then presented dreyfus with additional charges based on falsified documents. as a result of the vehement open letter entitled j'accuse which emile zola published in a paris newspaper in january 1898 word of the military court's framing of dreyfus and of an attempted cover-up began to spread and activists put pressure on the french government to reopen the case. dreyfus was returned to france in 1899 for a further trial and the intense political and judicial scandal that ensued divided french society. the new trial resulted in another conviction and a ten year sentence, however dreyfus was granted a pardon and set free. eventually all of the accusations against dreyfus were proved to be baseless and in 1906 he was exonerated and reinstated as a major in the french army. he went on to serve his country during the whole of world war i and ended his service with the rank of lieutenant-colonel.the dreyfus affair represented one of the tensest political dramas in modern french history, with a wide echo in all of europe."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"89","title":{"es":"dreyfus alfred: (1859-1935) french jewish artillery officer, the central figure in the dreyfus affair."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111370/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.604Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111370,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111371/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare 4to printed brochure bearing the ownership signature of general billot, being an edition of le bordereau - etude des depositions de m. bertillon et du capitaine valerio, au conseil de guerre de rennes, par un ancien eleve de l'ecole polytechnique, published in association with the dreyfus affair by hardy and bernard of paris, 1904. the interesting publication, in french, is an essay concerning the bordereau which dreyfus had been accused of writing (the bordereau document, which included secret military information and which was sent to the german embassy in paris had constituted the start of the dreyfus affair). the brochure includes images of dreyfus' handwriting, drawings for graphology analysis and more, based on testimonies in the dreyfus trial, and particularly the testimonial of alphonse bertillon. signed ('gal. billot') by billot in fountain pen ink with his name alone to the upper right corner of the front cover. bound in green printed paper wrappers with red and black text. the paper wrappers a little loose in places and with a neat tear at the base of the spine. galphonse bertillon (1853-1914) french police officer and biometrics researcher who was a witness for the prosecution in the dreyfus affair in 1894 and again in 1899. he testified as a handwriting expert and claimed that alfred dreyfus had written the incriminating document (the 'bordereau'). however, he was not a handwriting expert, and his convoluted and flawed evidence was a significant contributing factor to one of the most infamous miscarriages of justice - the condemnation of the innocent dreyfus to life imprisonment on devil's island. using a complex system of measurements, he attempted to prove that dreyfus had disguised his handwriting by imitating his own handwriting as if someone else was doing so, so that if anyone thought the bordereau was in dreyfus's hand, he would be able to say that someone else had forged his writing. both courts martial evidently accepted this, and dreyfus was convicted. the verdict of the second court martial caused a huge scandal, and it was eventually overturned. bertillon pretended that his graphological system was based on mathematical probability calculus. a later expertise undertaken in 1904 by three renowned mathematicians, henri poincare, jean gaston darboux and paul emile appell, concluded that bertillon's system was deprived of any scientific value and that he had failed both to apply the method and to present his data properly. with this key evidence against dreyfus debunked, he was finally acquitted in 1906.general billot was a dark, key figure in the dreyfus affair, being implicated by emile zola of conspiracy to frame alfred dreyfus for espionage. in zola´s open letter 'j´accuse' he accused general billot of having held in his hands absolute proof of dreyfus's innocence and covering it up. the drefus affair captivated and divided france."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"90","title":{"es":"billot jean-baptiste: (1828-1907) french general and politician. minister of war 1882-83."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111371/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:23.605Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111371,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111372/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"amundsen roald (1872-1928) norwegian polar explorer, the first person to reach both the south and north poles.peary robert (1856-1920) american explorer. peary claimed being first to have reached the north pole with his expedition in 1909.individual, dark fountain pen ink signatures by both roald amundsen ('roald amundsen') and robert peary ('with pleasure, peary') on separate pieces, most probably pages removed from autograph albums. matted alongside each other in cream and framed and glazed in a wooden frame to an overall size of 15.5 x 9. vgthe norwegian explorer amundsen led the antarctic expedition of 1910-12 which was the first to reach the south pole, on 14th december 1911. he is recognised as the first person, without dispute, as having reached both poles. amundsen was one of the key figures during the heroic age of antarctic exploration, alongside robert falcon scott and ernest shackleton.peary's exploration career is certainly controversial; the american claimed to have reached the geographic north pole with his expedition on 6th april 1909, a claim which was widely credited for many years. more recently peary's claims have been subject to doubt and debate, some polar historians believing that peary honestly thought he had reached the pole (although in fact was probably 60 miles from his target) whilst others have suggested that he was guilty of deliberately exaggerating his accomplishments."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"91","title":{"es":"[polar exploration]:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111372/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.550Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111372,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111373/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a very fine, rare vintage signed sepia 7 x 10 photograph, the photogravure image depicting scott standing in a half length pose, c.1900. photograph by j. thomson of london and bearing his blind embossed royal warrant to the lower photographer's mount. signed ('con') by scott with his family name in dark fountain pen ink to a light area of the image. some light age wear and very minor mottling to the photographer's mount and very slightly irregularly trimmed to the left and right edges, about vg'scott of the antarctic' led two expeditions to the antarctic regions: the discovery expedition of 1901-04 and the ill-fated terra nova expedition of 1910-13. on the first expedition he set a new southern record and discovered the polar plateau on which the south pole is located. during the second venture scott led a party of five which reached the south pole on 17th january 1912 after roald amundsen's norwegian expedition.on their return journey, scott and his companions died from a combination of exhaustion, starvation and extreme cold. following the news of his death scott became a celebrated hero and national icon."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"92","title":{"es":"scott robert falcon: (1868-1912) british antarctic explorer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111373/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.552Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111373,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111374/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., lister, one page, 8vo, park crescent, portland place, 25th january 1900, to dr. [donald] macalister. lister announces that he feels very honoured by the request of the special board of medicine, and gladly accedes, concluding 'i hope, however, that i may never have to exercise the function'. vgsir donald macalister (1854-1934) scottish physician, elected fellow of the royal college of physicians in 1886. macalister played an important part in the work of the general medical council (gmc) and served as its president from 1904-31.a pioneer of antiseptic surgery, lister applied louis pasteur's advances in microbiology to promote the idea of sterile portable ports. he introduced carbolic acid (phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and clean wounds, which led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for parents. distinguished as 'the father of modern surgery', listerine mouthwash was named in honour of lister in 1879"},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"93","title":{"es":"lister joseph: (1827-1912) english surgeon."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111374/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.554Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111374,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111375/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"vintage signed postcard photograph of twain in a head and shoulders pose. signed ('mark twain') with his name alone in dark fountain pen ink to the lower white border. some minor silvering and a few very slight traces of former mounting to the edges of the image, gtwain's novels include the adventures of tom sawyer (1876) and its sequel adventures of huckleberry finn (1885), the latter often referred to as 'the great american novel'. lauded as the 'greatest american humourist of his age', william faulkner called twain 'the father of american literature'."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"94","title":{"es":"twain mark: (1835-1910) samuel langhorne clemens. american writer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111375/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.555Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111375,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111376/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent, large vintage signed sepia 17 x 15 photogravure, the classic image depicting trumper in a full length profile action pose, mid-shot. photograph by george beldam and published by the swan electric engraving company, london, 1st august 1905. signed ('v. trumper') by trumper with his name alone in bold pencil to the lower border and also signed ('photo by george w. beldam') by beldam in bold pencil to the lower border. rare. matted in cream with a thin gold coloured border and framed and glazed in a wooden frame to an overall size of 25 x 23. a few very minor spots of foxing and some extremely minor age wear at the extremities of the borders, vggeorge w. beldam (1868-1937) english cricketer and a pioneer of action photography in sport.an exceptional signed image of the australian cricketer victor trumper, recognised as the most stylish and versatile batsman of the golden age of cricket. trumper had been named wisden cricketer of the year in 1903, two years before the present image was produced, and was selected by neville cardus as one of the six giants of the wisden century in 1963 to mark the 100th edition of the almanack."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"95","title":{"es":"trumper victor: (1877-1915) australian cricketer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111376/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_sportsmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.557Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111376,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111377/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent vintage signed 8 x 9.5 photograph, the image showing baden-powell in a half length pose wearing his uniform. the image is by vandyk of london and is presented within a decorative border to the photographer's mount. signed ('r s s baden-powell') in bold black fountain pen ink to a clear area at the base of the image and dated may 1905 in his hand. some very light, extremely minor age wear and a few spots of foxing to the photographer's mount, not affecting the image or signature, otherwise vgbaden-powell served in the british army from 1876-1910 and successfully defended the town during the siege of mafeking in 1899 during the second boer war in south africa. in 1907, two years after the present photograph was signed, baden-powell held a demonstration camp, the brownsea island scout camp, which is now regarded as the beginning of scouting. he wrote scouting for boys in 1908 and two years later baden-powell retired from the army to form the boy scouts association."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"96","title":{"es":"baden-powell robert: (1857-1941) british lieutenant general, founder of the scout movement."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111377/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.558Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111377,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111378/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good, large signed and inscribed sepia 6.5 x 9 photograph of puccini standing in a full length pose resting one hand in his trouser pocket and holding a cigarette in the other. signed ('giacomo puccini') in bold dark fountain pen ink across a light area at the centre of the image and inscribed in italian ('al distintissimo artista sr. f. galente....') and dated buenos aires, 11th july 1905, in his hand. matted in a rust colour with gold border to an overall size of 10.5 x 14.5. some light age wear and a few minor chips, largely to the edges of the image, gfelipe galante (1872-1953) italian-born argentine painter. a friend of the italian tenor enrico caruso, galante also gave the singer painting lessons.puccini has been labelled the greatest composer of italian opera after verdi. his most famous works include la boheme (1896), tosca (1900) and madama butterfly (1904), all of which are among the important operas played as standards."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"97","title":{"es":"puccini giacomo: (1858-1924) italian composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111378/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.560Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,000","currency":"GBP","id":111378,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111379/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., w. r. morris, one page, 4to, oxford, 24th november 1906, to some unidentified gentlemen, on the printed stationery of 'w.r. morris, motor and cycle engineer. contractor to his majesty's government'. morris writes a letter of testimonial, stating, in full, 'f. poulter has been with me for the past two years and i have always found him industrious, straightforward and quick at his work. he leaves me through slackness of work.' an early letter, written from one of the first premises morris operated from. some extremely light, minor foxing and some very slight age wear to the edges, otherwise vgmorris was the british equivalent of america's henry ford, manufacturing cars in mass production whilst acquiring other car companies on the way. among the cars made by his company were the morris minor (launched in 1948). william morris became the richest man in the united kingdom, giving away over £30m of his fortune (equivalent to £700m in today). he donated millions to medical research and founded nuffield college, oxford. as well as being recognised as a major figure in britain's motor industry, morris was one of the greatest philanthropists of modern times, using much of his wealth towards the development of medical equipment and hospitals."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"98","title":{"es":"morris william: (1877-1963) 1st viscount nuffield. british automobile manufacturer, engineer and philanthropist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111379/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.561Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111379,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111380/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111380/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., g. bernard shaw, one page, oblong 8vo, adelphi terrace, 22nd january 1907 to sir henry [norman]. shaw informs his correspondent of his reluctance to approve anthony hope hawkins as chairman of the society of authors, announcing 'hawkins has no more sense of the tenue of public life than - shall we say swettenham?' further stating 'and it would be much safer for us if we could retain you; but if he is willing, and you must retire, i do not see how we can improve on him. i have no such mortal objection - quite the contrary.' together with anthony hope hawkins (1863-1933) english novelist and playwright. a.l.s., anthony h hawkins, one page, 8vo, bedford square, 16th january 1907, also to sir henry [norman]. hawkins explains 'you know i do not seek the chairmanship - and should be very glad if the committee can and will make another choice. but i leave myself in yours and their hands - and if they think i can again be of use, i will not refuse' and concludes 'you will, i daresay, be kind enough to let me know the result of your enquiries. if, in the result, there is any prospect of my election being discussed, i should propose not to attend the february meeting'. with blank integral leaf. vg, 2sir henry norman (1858-1939) english journalist and liberal politician.sir frank swettenham (1850-1946) british statesman, first resident general of the federated malay states.george bernard shaw's influence on western theatre, culture and politics extended from the 1880s to his death and beyond. having become the leading dramatist of his generation, he was awarded the nobel prize in literature in 1925 and is regularly regarded as second only to william shakespeare among english language dramatists."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"99","title":{"es":"shaw george bernard: (1856-1950) irish playwright, nobel prize winner for literature, 1925."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111380/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":550,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.562Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111380,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111381/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111381/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111381/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine white glazed china cup and saucer, each with the green factory mark of the imperial porcelain factory, the cup dating from 1902 and the saucer from 1904, both originating from a service used by tsar nicholas ii and the imperial russian romanov family at the winter palace at st. petersburg. the cup (measuring 2 ¼ x 3 ¾) is decorated with two gilt bands at the base and lip, and with a leaf decorated gilt handle, further featuring a double-headed eagle displaying the russian imperial arms of nicholas ii, hand decorated in black, gold, blue and red. the saucer (measuring 1 x 5 ½) decorated with gilt bands to the rim and base and featuring a double-headed eagle displaying the russian imperial arms of nicholas ii, hand decorated in black, gold, blue and red. very slight age wear to the gilt on lip and handle of the cup and with three hairline cracks and a small chip beneath the rim of the saucer. about vg, 2the imperial porcelain factory (or manufactory) is a producer of handpainted ceramics in saint petersburg, russia. it was established by dmitry ivanovich vinogradov in 1744 and was supported by the romanov tsars from empress elizabeth onwards. the factory is still sometimes referred to by its well-known former name of the lomonosov porcelain factory. the present china was made for the imperial family at the time of the coronation in 1896 and replacements were manufactured until 1914. although a considerable quantity was produced over the years a survey after world war i found only about 1000 pieces had survived.the reign of tsar nicholas ii saw the fall of the russian empire from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. two revolutions occurred in russia in 1917, the first known as the february revolution, the immediate result of which was the abdication of the tsar and the end of the romanov dynasty. the russian imperial romanov and all those who chose to accompany them into exile were executed by a firing squad at yekaterinburg on 17th july 1918."},"estimateMax":2200,"lotNumber":"100","title":{"es":"[nicholas ii]: (1868-1918) emperor of russia 1894-1917."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111381/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":1800,"soldPrice":1800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:21.564Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,800 - £2,200","currency":"GBP","id":111381,"estimateMin":1800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111382/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111382/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine white glazed china plate with the blue kuznetsov porcelain factory mark (c.1908), originating from a service used by tsar nicholas ii and the imperial russian romanov family on board the russian imperial yacht standart. the plate (diameter 9\") is decorated with two gilt bands at the rims and a double-headed eagle featuring the russian imperial arms of the tsar, hand decorated in black, gold, blue and red. with some minor age wear to the outer gilt rim and some very minor paint loss to the centre of the eagle crest, about vgmatvey kuznetsov, owned almost all of the porcelain factories in russia, including those at verbilki, gzhel disctrict, dulyovo, the village of pesochnoye and yaroslavl province. the present china was made for the imperial family at the time of the coronation in 1896 and replacements were manufactured until 1914. although a considerable quantity was produced over the years a survey after world war i found only about 1000 pieces had survived.the standart was launched in 1895 and was in her time the largest imperial yacht afloat. standart was fitted out with ornate fixtures, including mahogany paneling, crystal chandeliers, and other amenities that made the vessel a suitable floating palace for the russian imperial romanov family. tsar nicholas ii and his family were vacationing on the standart during the summer of 1914, when they received the news of the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand in sarajevo.the reign of tsar nicholas ii saw the fall of the russian empire from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. two revolutions occurred in russia in 1917, the first known as the february revolution, the immediate result of which was the abdication of the tsar and the end of the romanov dynasty. the russian imperial romanov and all those who chose to accompany them into exile were executed by a firing squad at yekaterinburg on 17th july 1918."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"101","title":{"es":"[nicholas ii]: (1868-1918) emperor of russia 1894-1917."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111382/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.366Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,000","currency":"GBP","id":111382,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111383/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111383/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., edward elgar, two pages, 4to, hereford, 30th july 1908, to [alfred h.] littleton. elgar thanks his correspondent for their letter commenting on one received from a mr. foote of tunbridge wells and continues 'i do not remember writing to him, probably his letter to me was acknowledged. i return his letter (no longer present) & shall be much obliged if you will let him know that i will not go'. he further remarks 'i do not like the tone of his letter & it is all nonsense for him to talk of educating the south. i send some letters (also no longer present) i have received from tunbridge wells & you will see they have done gerontius and the kingdom. i do not know anything of the society but it looks as if mr. foote wanted to take the wind out of the other people's sails - but i do not know. i only guess & may be wrong. anyhow it seems clear that things are not so stagnant as mr. foote seems to want me to think'. in a hastily written postscript elgar adds that he will write concerning a symphony very soon. some very light, minor age wear and creasing to the edges, and with a few very minor repairs to a few tears, not affecting the text or signature. about vgalfred h. littleton (1845-1914) chairman of the music publishers novello & co.elgar refers to francis j. foote, conductor, composer and leader of the royal tunbridge wells choral society. a separate organisation, the tunbridge wells vocal association, founded in 1870, also existed in the affluent kent town which naturally gave rise to a certain amount of rivalry. in 1907 foote made the mistake of announcing that he would begin rehearsing elgar's the dream of gerontius. however, the vocal association beat him to it and staged a performance of the work on 19th march 1907, followed by a performance of the kingdom on 30th march 1908, both of which elgar refers to in the present letter. on each occasion elgar sent the association a 'best wishes' telegram as it was the first time these two works had been performed in the area. in fact foote never did succeed in performing any of elgar's works in tunbridge wells.many of elgar's works have entered the british and international concert repertoire and among his best known works are orchestral compositions including the enigma variations (op.36 1898-99) and the pomp and circumstance marches (op.39, 1901-30). he also composed concertos for violin and cello, two symphonies as well as choral works, including the dream of gerontius (op.38, 1900)."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"102","title":{"es":"elgar edward: (1857-1934) english composer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111383/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.367Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111383,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111384/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111384/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an historically important d.s. by both wilbur wright ('wright brothers w.w.') and orville wright ('wright brothers o.w.') individually, being a signed cheque, dayton, ohio, 27th january 1908. the partially printed cheque, completed in the hand of a cashier, f. a. finckhouse, is drawn on the winters national bank (marked no.1 to the upper right corner) and is made payable to james allen, chief signal officer, for the sum of $2500. signed by wilbur wright to the recto and signed by orville wright to the verso, the latter with an additional holograph endorsement, in full, 'returned by james allen, chief signal officer'. a rare pair of signatures on a highly significant document. with a small tear at the centre, only very slightly affecting the text, and with one file hole close to, but not affecting, wilbur wright's signature. some light overall age wear and minor dust staining, otherwise vgan historic document marking the birth of the united states air force - the cheque that launched the company of 'the wright brothers' and won them the contract to produce the first american military aircraft.on 17th december 1903, orville wright piloted the first powered airplane 20 feet above a wind-swept beach in kittyhawk, north carolina. the flight lasted 12 seconds and covered 120 feet. the event immediately attracted the attention of foreign governments in europe but it wasn't until some years later that officials within the u.s. war department recognised the potential. a little over three years had elapsed since their first successful powered 'flyer' by which time the wrights were ready to offer their machine to the u.s. board of ordnance and fortification, headed at the time by chief signal officer brigadier general james allen. the wright's agreed to deliver an aircraft to the boards specifications for a sum of $25,000 (a bargain considering the $50,000 the american government had given samuel langley in 1903, for his unsuccessful flight trials). the board, however, insisted on putting the contract out to tender, despite the wrights being the only company working on powered flight. so, in december, the board released an 'advertisement and specification for a heavier-than-air flying machine'. this specification was primarily based upon the wright's machine, to carry two men (a pilot and observer) at a speed of 40 miles per hour, for at least an hour, and which could also be dismantled for transport and quickly re-assembled. the purpose of the contract for tender was to discourage irresponsible or impecunious bidders as each respondent was required to deposit with the signal corps a certified check amounting to 10% of his bid, to be forfeited in case of failure. as the wrights had the only machine that fitted the criteria of the specification, theirs was the only bid expected.in january 1908, the wright brothers reorganised their business partnership, changing their accounts at the winters national bank in dayton ohio from the 'wright cycle co.' to simply 'wright brothers'. it was now, at this time of prosperity, that on 27th january 1908, the brothers submitted their formal proposal to sell a flying machine as specified, for $25,000. the present certified cheque, representing 10% of their bid to supply the first powered military aircraft to the u.s. army, was originally accompanied by their tender, and was the first that the brothers issued and signed having restructured their business.the deadline for tender submissions closed on the 1st february 1908, and, unexpectedly, 41 bids were received by the army, ranging from $850 to $1 million. most were unfeasible and at the very least impactable, and just three (like the wrights') were accompanied by the necessary certified cheque. the army, however, awarded two contracts, one of which was to the wright brothers. as agreed, the present cheque was returned and the funds released on the 29th february 1908, as indicated by orville wright on the verso of this historic cheque.following the completion of rigorous supervised trials at fort meyer in virginia (during which time several speed and endurance records were set) the wright brother's aircraft was officially accepted on 9th august 1909 by the aeronautical division of the u.s. army signal corps, progenitor of the u.s. air force.autographs of both wilbur and orville wright together on one item are extremely rare, and the present signed cheque is of particular interest due to its historical importance.the american brothers and aviation pioneers are credited with having invented, built and flown the world's first successful airplane. the brothers' fundamental breakthrough in achieving this was their invention of three-axis control, which enabled the pilot to steer the aircraft effectively and to maintain its equilibrium. this method became and remains standard on fixed wing aircraft of all kinds. from the beginning of their aeronautical work, the wright brothers focused on developing a reliable method of pilot control as the key to solving \"the flying problem\". this approach differed significantly from other experimenters of the time who put more emphasis on developing powerful engines."},"estimateMax":12000,"lotNumber":"103","title":{"es":"wright wilbur: (1867-1912) & orville (1871-1948) american aviators who invented and built the world's first successful airplane and made the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on 17th december 1903."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111384/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":8000,"soldPrice":7500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.369Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£8,000 - £12,000","currency":"GBP","id":111384,"estimateMin":8000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111385/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111385/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.n.s., g[raf] v[on] zeppelin, to the upper part of a letter written to him, comprising five lines of text on the first 4to page of the received letter, berlin, 25th november 1909, to his private secretary uhland, in german. zeppelin's note appears on an a.l.s., h. mohlau, by hermann mohlau, two pages, 4to, friedrichshafen, 23rd november 1909, to zeppelin, on the attractive printed stationery of the hotel deutsches haus, in german. mohlau writes to zeppelin concerning a mortgage of 45000 marks and, two days later, the general forwards the letter to uhland with a corresponding note accepting mohlau's terms, subject to two conditions, stating '1) cheaper interest - and that my expenses for the procurement of the capital are covered. 2) future repayment\u2026´ with staple rust stains and small holes to the upper and lower left corners of each page, not affecting the text or signatures of either mohlau or zeppelin, otherwise vgthe former german general founded the zeppelin airship company having pioneered rigid airship development at the beginning of the 20th century. zeppelin's notions were first formulated in 1874 and developed in detail in 1893. they were patented in germany in 1895 and in the united states in 1899. after the outstanding success of the zeppelin design, the word 'zeppelin' was commonly used to refer to all rigid airships. in 1909 (the same year as the present letter, and perhaps a reason for the financial transaction it refers to) zeppelin founded the world's first airline in revenue service, the deutsche luftschiffahrts-ag (delag). the airships did not provide a scheduled service between cities, but generally operated pleasure cruises, carrying twenty passengers and by mid-1914 delag had carried over 10,000 fare paying passengers on over 1,500 flights. during world war i the german military made extensive use of zeppelins as bombers and scouts, killing over 500 people in bombing raids in great britain. the hindenburg disaster of 1937, along with political and economic issues, hastened the demise of the zeppelins."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"104","title":{"es":"zeppelin ferdinand von: (1838-1917) german general and aircraft manufacturer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111385/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.370Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111385,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111386/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an exceptional and rare vintage signed sepia 8 x 9.5 photograph by each of the six children of king george v and queen mary individually, comprising -edward, prince of wales (1894-1972) later king edward vii, then duke of windsorprince albert, duke of york (1895-1952) later king george vimary, princess royal (1897-1965) later countess of harewoodprince henry (1900-1974) later duke of gloucesterprince george (1902-1942) later duke of kent, andprince john (1905-1919)the image depicts the six children standing together in full length poses in two rows on the outdoor steps of a royal residence. princess mary stands in the centre of the back row, flanked by the two future kings of england, the two youngest princes standing immediately before them on the front row, each wearing sailor suits and with their brother's hands resting on their shoulders. prince henry is attired in a formal suit and stands in the centre of the front row with his sister placing one hand on his left shoulder. photograph by w & d downey of london, and from the appearance of the children most likely taken around 1910. signed by the children in bold, black fountain pen inks, each with their names alone to the photographer's mount. each of the children have signed using their family names; edward, prince of wales signing himself 'david', prince albert, duke of york signing himself 'bertie', the princess royal signing herself 'mary', prince henry signing himself 'harry', prince george signing himself 'georgie' and prince john signing himself 'johnnie' in a small, neat hand, in capital letters. very slightly neatly trimmed to the lower edge, otherwise vg very slightly neatly trimmed to the lower edge, otherwise vgan extremely rare signed royal family portrait.the fact that each of the children have signed their family names on the present photograph would indicate that it was originally presented to an individual closely associated with the family, and most likely another royal family member.each of the children of king george v were born before he became king in 1911. prince george, when duke of york, had married princess mary of teck on 6th july 1893. they had five sons and one daughter together, two of whom would become kings themselves. their youngest son, prince john, who caused the king and his consort great anxiety for many years, tragically died at the young age of 13 after a lifetime of ill health. randolph churchill claimed that king george was a strict father, to the extent that his children were terrified of him. the king apparently once remarked to the earl of derby, 'my father was frightened of his mother, i was frightened of my father, and i am damned well going to see to it that my children are frightened of me'."},"estimateMax":6000,"lotNumber":"105","title":{"es":"royal children:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111386/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":4000,"soldPrice":4800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.372Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£4,000 - £6,000","currency":"GBP","id":111386,"estimateMin":4000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111387/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"vintage signed postcard photograph of botha in a head and shoulders pose intensely looking directly towards the camera. signed ('louis botha') in bold, dark fountain pen ink with his name alone across a clear area of the image. a couple of very light, extremely minor creases to the lower right corner, otherwise vgbotha served as the first prime minister of the union of south africa. a boer war hero during the second boer war (1899-1902), he would eventually fight to have south africa become a british dominion."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"106","title":{"es":"botha louis: (1862-1919) prime minister of the union of south africa 1910-19."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111387/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.373Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£100 - £150","currency":"GBP","id":111387,"estimateMin":100},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111388/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., booker t washington, one page, 4to, tuskegee, alabama, 31st march 1911, to edwin c. lewis, on the printed stationery of the tuskegee normal and industrial institute for the training of colored young men and women. booker sends a request to his correspondent, stating 'i am writing this personal appeal to you because i believe that you are interested in the kind of work we are trying to do at the tuskegee institute ', and continuing 'our students pay their own board partly in cash, and partly in labor and in addition provide their own books, clothing, travelling expenses, etc., but they are wholly unable to pay the cost of fifty dollars per year, the cost of teaching each one.' washington further adds 'this we have to ask friends to provide and i thought that you might like to assist in providing the whole or part of the support of a student for a year.' some very light, extremely minor age toning to the extreme edges of the letter, vgedwin lewis (1881-1959) american methodist theologian.from 1890-1915 washington was the dominant leader in the african-american community. from the last generation of black american leaders born into slavery, washington was the leading voice of the former slaves and their descendants, basing himself at the tuskegee institute, a historically black college in alabama, and from where the present letter was signed. washington mastered the nuances of the political arena in the late 19th century, which enabled him to manipulate the media, raise money, strategise, network, pressure, reward friends and distribute funds while punishing those who opposed his plans for uplifting blacks. his long-term goal was to end the disenfranchisement of the vast majority of african americans, who still lived in the south. washington also was a key proponent of african-american businesses and one of the founders of the national negro business league."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"107","title":{"es":"washington booker t.: (1856-1915) american educator, author, orator, a dominant leader in the african-american community."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111388/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":150,"soldPrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.375Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£150 - £200","currency":"GBP","id":111388,"estimateMin":150},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111389/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111389/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., kandinsky, one page, 8vo, murnau, 20th june 1913, to the editor of le thyrse, in german. kandinsky asks his correspondent to forward his notice as he requires it 'to be published in your magazine'. accompanied by the original holograph statement, signed ('kandinsky') at the conclusion, one page, 8vo, n.p (murnau), n.d. (20th june 1913), in german. kandinsky's statement reads 'although i do not intend to initiate an argument about this, i hereby wish to protest against the epithet \"orphiste\" which has been used to designate me, and this is for the simple reason that the doctrine of such a trend is completely unknown to me'. a contemporary red ink translation of kandinsky's letter and statement into french (in an unidentified hand, although evidently for the purposes of publication in the french language) appear below each line of the artist's bold black text. a statement of interesting content. vg, 2le thyrse was an art & literature magazine published in brussels from 1899 to 1965.orphism (or orphic cubism), a term coined by french poet guillaume apollinaire in 1912, was an offshoot of cubism that focused on pure abstraction and bright colours, influenced by fauvism. this movement, perceived as key in the transition from cubism to abstract art, was pioneered by frantisek kupka, robert delaunay and sonia delaunay. critics and biographers of kandinsky have frequently considered the artist a key contributor to orphism, however the present statement would suggest that the artist himself distanced himself from the movement, declaring it 'completely unknown' to him.the russian painter and art theorist kandinsky is credited with painting one of the first purely abstract works. in 1896 he settled in munich where he studied at the academy of fine arts before returning to moscow in 1914 after the outbreak of world war i. kandinsky was unsympathetic to the official theories on art in communist moscow, and returned to germany in 1921. there, he taught at the bauhaus school of art and architecture from 1922 until it was closed by the nazis in 1933. the artist then moved to france, where he remained for the rest of his life, becoming a french citizen in 1939 and producing some of his most prominent art."},"estimateMax":4000,"lotNumber":"108","title":{"es":"kandinsky wassily: (1866-1944) russian painter."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111389/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":4600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.376Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - £4,000","currency":"GBP","id":111389,"estimateMin":3000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111390/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good vintage signed postcard photograph of houdini in a half length pose wearing a pinstripe suit jacket and bow tie. signed ('harry houdini') in dark fountain pen ink to a clear area of the image, adding the sentiment 'best wishes' and date, 24th april 1913, in his hand. about exthe present photograph was signed during houdini's european tour of 1913, a significant year in both his personal and professional life. the magician's mother, cecilia weisz, to whom he was greatly devoted, died in 1913 whilst he was in sweden. in the same year houdini also introduced the elaborate chinese water torture cell escape to his repertoire, perhaps his most famous act.houdini's grand illusions and daring, spectacular escape acts have made him one of the most famous magicians of all time."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"109","title":{"es":"houdini harry: (1874-1926) hungarian-american magician & escapologist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111390/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.378Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111390,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111391/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a very fine vintage signed sepia 5 x 7 photograph, the captivating image depicting the handsome, young chaplin in a head and shoulders pose. signed ('faithfully chas chaplin') in bold, dark fountain pen ink to the lower white border. some extremely light age wear and very minor mottling to the borders, vgfollowing chaplin's rise to fame during the silent film era, the comic actor became a worldwide icon and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of cinema. (see also lot 162)"},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"110","title":{"es":"chaplin charles: (1889-1977) english film comedian, academy award winner."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111391/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.379Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111391,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111392/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an exceptional vintage signed sepia 10.5 x 12.5 photograph by all seven members of the russian imperial romanov family individually, comprising the last emperor of russia, his consort and their five children -tsar nicholas ii (1868-1918) emperor of russia 1894-1917alexandra feodorovna (1872-1918) empress consort of russia 1894-1917olga nikolaevna (1895-1918) grand duchess of russia, the eldest daughter of the \ttsar and tsarinatatiana nikolaevna (1897-1918) grand duchess of russiamaria nikolaevna (1899-1918) grand duchess of russiaanastasia nikolaevna (1901-1918) grand duchess of russia, the youngest daughter \tof the tsar and tsarina andalexei nikolaevich (1904-1918) tsarevich of russia, the youngest child and only son \tof the tsar and tsarina.the circular image (6.5\" diameter) depicts the romanov family in a group pose, the tsar, wearing a military uniform, seated in a full length pose at the centre of his family, the tsarina, wearing her tiara, standing in a full length pose behind her husband, with their children gathered around them, grand duchess olga seated in a full length pose at the left of the image alongside her father, grand duchess maria standing in a full length pose behind her father and alongside her mother, grand duchess anastasia standing in a full length pose to the left of her parents and holding one arm around the shoulder of her brother, tsarevich alexei, who is seated in a full length pose, wearing a sailor suit, alongside grand duchess tatiana who is seated in a full length pose at the right of the image. each of the grand duchesses are seen wearing plain long white dresses. photograph by the imperial russian court photographers boissonnas & eggler of st. petersburg and bearing their blind embossed stamp to the lower left corner of the photographer's mount. signed ('nicolas') by tsar nicholas ii and signed ('alexandra') by the tsarina in bold, dark fountain pen inks with their names alone to the lower photographer's mount, and further signed ('olga', 'tatiana', 'maria', 'anastasia' and 'alexis') by each of the romanov children, also with their names alone in bold, dark fountain pen inks, to the lower photographer's mount and in a row immediately beneath the signatures of their parents. lightly affixed to a beige matt with a gold border to an overall size of 12 x 14. a couple of very small, minor spots to the photographer's mount, not affecting the signatures, and some extremely light age toning, the matt with some light staining and age wear, vgan exceptionally rare fully signed photograph by the russian imperial romanov familyautographs of all of the romanov family on a single item are extremely rare in any form, and the present signed photograph is of the utmost rarity. american book prices current record only two items signed by multiple members of the romanov family, although neither featured the complete set of seven signatures as the present photograph does.this photograph of the russian imperial romanov family was one of a series taken at livadia palace in 1913 to mark the tercentenary of romanov rule. an unsigned image from the same setting is housed in the royal collection trust of queen elizabeth ii (rcin 2926945). a very similar image (again, unsigned) to the present photograph (tsar nicholas ii with his hands gently clasped and grand duchess olga with her head slightly tilted) is illustrated on the front cover dustjacket of the book nicholas & alexandra - the last imperial family of tsarist russia, published by booth-clibborn editions, 1998, in conjunction with a major exhibition organised jointly by the russian state hermitage museum and the state archive of the russian federation. the same image is also reproduced on page 309 of the book (somewhat confusingly attributing the photograph to the studio of levitsky and co. with a date of 1914). the exhibition (which also featured contributions from the world-famous forbes magazine collection) included many signed photographs, letters and documents, all of which are handsomely reproduced in the book. however, it would appear that no photograph signed by all seven members of the romanov family was included in the exhibition, and it would appear safe to assume that had one existed within the major contributing archives to the exhibition then it would most certainly have been included. the apparent absence within the archives of a signed photograph similar to the one offered here can only serve to reinforce the extreme rarity of the present lot.it is interesting to note that both the tsar and tsarina, as well as each of their children, have signed the photograph not in cyrillic, but in latin script, most likely indicating that the photograph was originally signed for, and presented to, a european recipient, perhaps even a relative (the tsar was a first cousin of king george v of the united kingdom and had family ties to several other european monarchies). furthermore, it is interesting that the romanov family appended their signatures to the present image; the imperial russian court photographers created a number of different images at the sitting at livadia palace and the fact that the tsar and his family signed the present image from the series could be seen as an indication that this was their favourite image from the series.provenance: the present signed photograph was previously contained within the archives of a european noble family.the reign of tsar nicholas ii saw the fall of the russian empire from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. two revolutions occurred in russia in 1917, the first known as the february revolution, the immediate result of which was the abdication of the tsar and the end of the romanov dynasty. the russian imperial romanov family (the seven signatories of the present photograph) and all those who chose to accompany them into exile were executed by a firing squad at yekaterinburg on 17th july 1918."},"estimateMax":90000,"lotNumber":"111","title":{"es":"russian imperial romanov family:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111392/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":60000,"soldPrice":75000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.854Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£60,000 - £90,000","currency":"GBP","id":111392,"estimateMin":60000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111393/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111393/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"trotsky leon: (1879-1940) russian marxist revolutionary and theorist, the founding leader of the red army.a very fine pair of vintage dark fountain pen ink signatures by both vladimir lenin ('lénine, president du conseil des commissaires du peuple') and leon trotsky ('léon trotsky, commissaire aux affaires étrangères') individually on a feint ruled 8vo page removed from a notebook, n.p., n.d. (november 1917). to the upper right corner of the page appears an original contemporary pencil and coloured crayon vignette, drawn by an unidentified individual and signed ('j. m. bros....'; the conclusion of the signature a little smudged and hence illegible), the image depicting several individuals standing in a row as they face execution by the guillotine which appears before them, with a large crowd of onlookers in the foreground and a rising sun in the background, featuring the caption, in french, 'ce que nous souhaitons aux soussignés' (translation 'what we wish for the undersigned'). to the verso of the page appear ten individual fountain pen ink signatures by various french fighter pilots of world war i, each of them members of the escadrille br 209 squadron, including léon ribière (1893-1918) and others, a few with additional sentiments and one dated 23rd january 1917. an exceptionally rare pair of signatures by two of the most significant figures in russian history. neatly inlaid, vgthe present signatures of lenin and trotsky were obtained shortly after the historic october revolution, a seizure of state power instrumental in the larger russian revolution of 1917. it took place with an armed insurrection in petrograd and followed, and capitalised, on the february revolution of the same year, which overthrew the tsarist autocracy. the october revolution resulted in the power being shifted to the local soviets in petrograd, whom heavily supported the bolshevik party. after the congress of soviets, now the governing body, had its second session, it elected members of the bolsheviks to key positions which immediately initiated the establishment of the russian socialist federative soviet republic, the world's first self-proclaimed socialist state. on 8th november 1917 the congress elected a council of people's commissars, with lenin as leader and trotsky as commissar of foreign affairs, the positions they have added to the present signatures.provenance: the present signatures were removed from a notebook previously owned by robert de flers (1872-1927) french playwright & journalist who, as the head of a french military mission, travelled to the eastern front taking him to romania, moscow and petrograd, at which time he obtained the signatures of lenin and trotsky. a first hand account of flers' travels was written by emmanuel chaumé (1890-1934) and published by firmin-didot of paris in 1929 under the title la belle aventure de robert de flers - russie-romanie (fevrier-mars 1918). the album was subsequently passed to his nephew, the french diplomat and pilot of world war i, viscount amédée de flers, and later acquired by the present vendor.lenin, founder of the russian communist party, engineered and led the bolshevik revolution of 1917 and was the architect of the soviet state, later taking over as the first leader of the newly formed union of soviet socialist republics (ussr). regarded as the greatest revolutionary leader and thinker since karl marx, lenin is also widely considered as one of the most influential and controversial figures of the 20th century.trotsky joined the bolsheviks shortly before the 1917 october revolution and eventually became a leader within the communist party alongside vladimir lenin, joseph stalin and others and was one of the seven members of the first politburo. during the early days of the soviet union trotsky served as people's commissar for foreign affairs and later as the founder and commander of the red army. he was a major figure in the bolshevik victory in the russian civil war (1918-23). after leading a failed struggle of the left opposition against the policies and rise of joseph stalin in the 1920s, trotsky was removed from power, expelled from the communist party and finally exiled from the soviet union. as the head of the fourth international, trotsky continued to oppose the stalinist bureaucracy in the soviet union from exile. on stalin's orders, he was assassinated in mexico in august 1940. trotsky's ideas formed the basis of trotskyism, a major school of marxist thought that opposes the theories of stalinism."},"estimateMax":20000,"lotNumber":"112","title":{"es":"lenin vladimir: (1870-1924) russian communist revolutionary. head of the government of the russian republic 1917-18, of the russian soviet federative socialist republic 1918-24, and of the soviet union 1922-24."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111393/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":15000,"soldPrice":18000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.857Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£15,000 - £20,000","currency":"GBP","id":111393,"estimateMin":15000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111394/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s., orville wright, being a signed cheque, dayton, ohio, 14th july 1917. the partially printed cheque, completed in another hand, is drawn on the winters national bank and is made payable to the dayton gas company for the sum of $6.80. a perforated bank cancellation only very slightly touches the first letter of wright's signature. the cheque has been attractively contained within a large reproduction image depicting the first flight of the wright flyer i in north carolina on 17th december 1903. orville wright can be seen piloting the machine as his brother wilbur runs alongside. also contained within the display is a small 0.5 x 1 swatch of pale beige fabric, apparently taken from the original wright flyer i. framed and glazed to an overall size of 22 x 18. vgorville wright, along with his brother wilbur, were the inventors of the world's first successful airplane, conducting their first controlled flight of a power driven airplane in 1903. they subsequently became successful businessmen, filling contracts for airplanes in both the united states and europe. orville wright is also known for developing technology for the us army and spent the last three decades of his life serving on boards and committees related to aeronautics, including the predecessor to nasa, the national advisory committee for aeronautics. orville & wilbur wright are together considered the 'fathers of modern aviation'."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"113","title":{"es":"wright orville: (1871-1948) american aviator who, with his brother wilber, invented and built the world's first successful airplane, making the first controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight on 17th december 1903."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111394/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.859Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111394,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111395/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"l.s., e h shackleton, one page, 8vo, marlborough club, pall mall, 22nd june 1920, to charles büchel. shackleton apologises to his correspondent for not having answered their letter, explaining that he has been away, and adds 'i will call one morning myself for the portrait in the near future. would you please let me know what the cost is?' with blank integral leaf (small tear at the upper edge). vgcharles büchel (1872-1950) british artist. a well-known figure in theatrical circles, büchel painted portraits of henry irving, lillie langtry and george alexander and also designed programmes and posters for the theatre.intriguingly, the present whereabouts of büchel's portrait of shackleton are not known. the present letter, and two related ones, would appear to be the only evidence of its existence. what would seem clear from the present lot is that the portrait was completed and that it came into shackleton's own possession.sir ernest henry shackleton led three british expeditions to the antarctic and is one of the principal figures of the period known as the heroic age of antarctic exploration. his first experience of the polar regions was as third officer on captain robert falcon scott's discovery expedition 1901-04. in the preface to his 1922 book the worst journey in the world, apsley cherry-garrard, one of scott's team on the terra nova expedition, wrote 'for a joint scientific and geographical piece of organisation, give me scott; for a winter journey, wilson; for a dash to the pole and nothing else, amundsen: and if i am in the devil of a hole and want to get out of it, give me shackleton every time'."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"114","title":{"es":"shackleton ernest: (1874-1922) anglo-irish antarctic explorer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111395/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.860Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,000","currency":"GBP","id":111395,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111396/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111396/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an extremely rare vintage dark fountain pen ink signature ('sidney reilly') on a page removed from an autograph album, dated 16th july 1920 in his hand. also signed ('alexander of battenberg') in bold black fountain pen ink by alexander mountbatten (1886-1960) 1st marquess of carisbrooke. british army officer and a grandson of queen victoria. mountbatten has added the date 14th august 1913 in his hand. together with george alexander hill (1892-1968) british intelligence officer, a friend and colleague of reilly. hill acted as a witness at reilly's wedding to his second wife in 1923. during world war ii hill, who had attained the rank of a major, worked with the special operations executive (soe), one of his students being kim philby. t.l.s., peter george, with holograph salutation, one page, 4to, bad neuenahr, 6th december 1954, to dennis wheatley. hill thanks wheatley for their letter and continues to state that they look forward to visiting him on 28th december, commenting 'i will let you know after we get to england about when we should arrive (weather, wind and fog permitting).' in concluding hill asks for a line by return to inform him whether or not they should bring over evening clothes. annotated with the pencil received date of 11th december 1954 at the head. vg, 2dennis wheatley (1897-1977) english author of thriller and occult novels. the background themes of wheatley's novels varied and included world war ii and espionage. his gregory sallust series was one of the main inspirations for ian fleming's james bond stories.autographs of sidney reilly are of the utmost rarity - we can find no records of another example ever having previously been offered for sale at auction.sidney george riley (born with the surname rosenblum and changed to reilly in the late 1890s) was a secret agent with the british secret service bureau, the precursor to the modern british secret intelligence service (mi6). a master of deception, much of reilly's life is shrouded in mystery and legend, however his fame was created in the 1920s (at the time of the present signature) in part by his friend, british diplomat and journalist robert bruce lockhart, who publicised their thwarted operation to overthrow the bolshevik regime in 1918. later ian fleming was to use reilly as a model for james bond and today many historians consider reilly to have been the first 20th century super-spy."},"estimateMax":5000,"lotNumber":"115","title":{"es":"reilly sidney: (c.1873-c.1925) russian-born (?) secret agent, the 'ace of spies'."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111396/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":2800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.862Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - £5,000","currency":"GBP","id":111396,"estimateMin":3000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111397/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., edison, (a somewhat hurried example), one page, 8vo, n.p., n.d. (1921), to [jaffrey p.] buchanan. typically written in bold pencil, edison writes, in full, 'i want 3 booths in machines 21 made sound proof like those up stairs & with ventilation. do it as soon as possible. driscoll can do it if you tell him what to do. hurry it'. some very light, minor age wear, otherwise vgjaffray p. buchanan was employed by edison as manager of his record disc division. the present note refers to edison and buchanan´s works on the production of the phonograph records.the american inventor and businessman edison developed many devices that greatly influenced people's lives around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera and, of course, the long lasting and practical light bulb. a prolific inventor, holding more than a thousand us patents to his name, edison was one of the first inventors to apply the principles of mass production and is often credited with the creation of the first industrial research laboratory. edison has often been described as america's greatest inventor."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"116","title":{"es":"edison thomas: (1847-1931) american inventor of the phonograph and light bulb among many other items."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111397/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":750,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.863Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111397,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111398/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine vintage signed 7.5 x 10 photograph by both the future king carol and his wife princess helen individually, the image depicting the crown prince standing in a full length pose, in military uniform, alongside his bride, wearing a simple white dress and with a romanian 'greek key' tiara upon her head, on the occasion of their wedding day. the royal couple are accompanied by their two bridesmaids, one of whom is the bride's sister, katherine, and are also seen wearing simple white dresses and chaplets. signed ('carol') by the crown prince and signed ('helene') by the princess, both in fountain pen ink at the base of the image, the princess adding the date 1921 in her hand. also signed ('katherine') by their bridesmaid in bold, dark fountain pen ink with her name alone to a light area at the base of the image. vgkatherine (1913-2007) princess of greece and denmark, daughter of king constantine i of greece.crown prince carol and princess helen first met in 1920 following the conclusion of carol's round the world trip which he had taken to forget his morganatic wife zizi lambrino (1898-1953) whom he had married in 1918 (the marriage was annulled a year later). on a train journey from greece to switzerland helen fell in love with the heir to the romanian throne and soon after their arrival in switzerland crown prince carol asked for helen's hand in marriage, much to the joy of the queen of romania, but not to the princess' parents. their engagement was announced in zurich in november 1920 and they were married in the metropolitan cathedral in athens on 10th march 1921. being the first greek princess to marry in athens, helen wore the romanian 'greek key' tiara, a gift from her mother-in-law. following their two month honeymoon, the newlyweds returned to romania on 8th may 1921, the princess already pregnant and giving birth to their only son, prince michael, just seven and a half months after the wedding.king carol ii was the first member of the romanian royal family to be raised in the orthodox faith. married three times, carol possessed a hedonistic personality that contributed to the controversies and misrule that marred his reign. on 6th september 1940, he was forced by his prime minister, ion antonescu, to leave his country and withdraw into foreign exile.princess helen of greece and denmark was noted for her humanitarian efforts to save romanian jews during world war ii and was titled queen mother of romania during the reign of her son, king michael, from 1940-47."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"117","title":{"es":"carol ii: (1893-1953) king of romania 1930-40 & helen (1896-1982) princess of greece and denmark, the daughter of king constantine i of greece."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111398/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.865Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111398,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111399/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111399/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good l.s., m. gorky, in cyrillic, two pages, 8vo, n.p., n.d., to axel gallen in helsinki, in french. gorki writes a letter of introduction, `i am introducing you to mr. and mrs. ugo ojetti - our italian friends who are travelling to russia and finland. i am convinced that as soon as you meet them they will become your friends, because they are charming, good people, with refined and sought minds. i would like that you introduce them to all the best of your beautiful and dear country, and i am sure in advance that you will do so with your usual kindness and grace. ´ with blank integral leaf. the text of the letter is the hand of maria andreyeva (1868-1953) russian actress, the mistress and eventual common law wife of gorky. some very slight, minor smudging to the signature, vgugo ojetti (1871-1946) italian art critic and journalist, founder of the art magazine il dedalo with his wife fernanda. ojetti and his wife were friends with gorky, who lived in exile in capri from 1906-13 and again in sorrento from 1921-28.gorky was a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. nominated five times for the nobel prize in literature, some of his most famous works were the lower depths (1902), children of the sun (1905) and the mother (1906). he was associated with fellow russian writers leo tolstoy and anton chekhov, both of whom he would later mention in his memoirs. gorky was active with the emerging marxist social-democratic movement and publicly opposed the tsarist regime, for a time closely associating himself with vladimir lenin and the bolsheviks. for much of his life he was exiled from russia and later the soviet union, returning in 1932 after accepting joseph stalin's personal invitation."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"118","title":{"es":"gorky maxim: (1868-1936) russian writer and political socialist activist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111399/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.866Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111399,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111400/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an appealing vintage signed and inscribed 6.5 x 8 photograph, an elegant image of pavlova in a full length dance pose wearing her ballet costume from the divertissement au bal (c.1927). photograph published by ross. signed in bold, black fountain pen ink across a clear area of the image. neatly mounted and with some very minor traces of professional restoration to the image, vgpavlova became the first ballerina to tour ballet, with her own company, around the world and is most recognised for the creation of the role the dying swan."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"119","title":{"es":"pavlova anna: (1881-1931) russian prima ballerina."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111400/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":460,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.868Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111400,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111401/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare autograph plan in ataturk's hand, unsigned, one page (faintly squared graph paper), folio, n.p. (ankara), n.d. (1927). in bold pencil ataturk has drawn a rough plan outlining the geographical positions of several turkish cities which he identifies, most with abbreviations. ataturk marks usak, a city in the interior part of the aegean region of turkey and capital of the usak province, as well as dagyenice ('d'), also in the region of usak and southwest of ankara, eskisehir ('esk') a city in northwestern turkey and the capital of the eskisehir province, and bursa ('b'), the fourth most populous city in turkey, located in northwestern anatolia within the marmara region. ataturk has identified each of the towns and cities with circles (some shaded) and drawn various lines between each. an interesting document relating to turkey's geography in the hand of the republic's founder. some light folds and creasing, otherwise vgprovenance: the present document originates from the papers of dr. eugene pittard (1867-1962) the swiss anthropologist. pittard authored several works on turkey, including le visage nouveau de la turquie (1931), and in 1927 he and his wife, hélène dufour, visited ankara and were entertained by ataturk. it was during this trip and whilst discussing turkey that ataturk drew the present plan to illustrate the distances between various key turkish cities. another similar document relating to turkey (and the modernisation of the country's language, with which pittard assisted) in ataturk's hand and also from pittard's papers was included in the albin schram collection of autograph letters (see christie's auction in london, 3rd july 2007, lot 326).ataturk rose to prominence in the turkish war of independence where he led the turkish national movement to victory. after establishing a provisional government in ankara, ataturk then embarked on a programme of political, economic and cultural reforms, seeking to transform the former ottoman empire into a modern and secular nation-state. the principles of ataturk's reforms, upon which modern turkey was established, are referred to as kemalism. his achievements in turkey are an enduring monument to ataturk."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"120","title":{"es":"ataturk mustafa kemal: (1881-1938) turkish army officer and revolutionary, founder of the republic of turkey serving as its first president 1923-38."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111401/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":3200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:33.869Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111401,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111402/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent vintage signed 10 x 7.5 photograph, the historic image depicting lindbergh standing in a full length pose on the balcony of a parisian building on the occasion of the aviator being a guest of honour at a reception organised by the aero-club de france following the completion of his historic flight the day before. lindbergh is accompanied on the balcony by american ambassador myron herrick and two united states flags can be seen flying either side of the large circular emblem of the aero-club de france. photograph by henri manuel of paris and signed by him in pencil to the lower photographer's mount and also featuring his blindstamp to the lower left corner of the image. signed ('charles a. lindbergh') in bold black fountain pen ink with his name alone to a clear area of the image. matted in black and cream to an overall size of 15 x 12.5. vghenri manuel (1874-1947) french photographer who served as the official photographer of the french government from 1914-44.myron t. herrick (1854-1929) american politician, governor of ohio 1904-06 and ambassador to france 1912-14 and 1921-29.herrick hosted lindbergh in paris after his successful new york to paris atlantic crossing and the ambassador wrote of the experience 'the next day [22nd may 1927, the day on which the present photograph was captured] serious business began. the president wanted to see him, monsieur poincare wanted to see him, the aero club arranged a reception, the chamber of deputies and the senate both invited him to pay them a visit and suspended their sitting to receive him; a medal was struck in his honour, the city of paris gave him a reception, he was decorated, feted and adored. he deserved it all, and it was fine to see him bearing himself throughout like the charming young gentleman he is'.the aero-club de france played a significant role in lindbergh's historic flight. the certification of the aviator's flight required several documents to prove the performance. a sealed barograph, an instrument working with atmospheric pressure, was loaded on the spirit of st. louis; its six-hour cylinder recorded the altitudes flown and proved that the flight was uninterrupted. the start of the flight was attested by the us national aeronautic association and the procés-verbal established by the aero-club de france on lindbergh's arrival attested that the barograph was found sealed and reported that 322 litres of gas (85 gallons) remained in the sealed tanks. this procés-verbal was signed by no less than 13 french officials, as well as myron herrick, the belgian air attaché willy coppens and, of course, lindbergh himself.charles lindbergh emerged from virtual obscurity as a u.s. air mail pilot to instantaneous world fame as a result of his solo nonstop flight from new york to paris in 1927. he became an instant hero and his feat inspired an enthusiastic interest in aviation. (see also lot 170)."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"121","title":{"es":"lindbergh charles: (1902-1974) american aviator who made the first solo non-stop flight across the atlantic ocean, 20th - 21st may 1927."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111402/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.033Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111402,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111403/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., l bleriot, one page, 4to, suresnes, 26th june 1928, to monsieur montfort, in french, on the highly attractive colour printed stationery of bleriot-aeronautique featuring a colour vignette of bleriot's historic flight across the english channel on 25th july 1909. bleriot responds to his correspondent's letter and remarks 'i am happy to let you know that i am in my office in suresnes on wednesdays and thursdays from 11am. you could therefore come and by and see me at that time'. some very light, extremely minor wrinkling to the extreme edges of the letter, not affecting the text or signature, vgthe french aviator louis bleriot, also a noted inventor and engineer, became world famous in 1909 for making the first flight across the english channel in a heavier than air aircraft, winning the £1000 prize which had been offered by the daily mail newspaper."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"122","title":{"es":"bleriot louis: (1872-1936) french aviator, the first man to fly across the english channel, 1909."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111403/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":950,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.035Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111403,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111404/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111404/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., rudyard kipling, with a holograph postscript signed with his initials rk, two pages, 4to, batemans, 20th november 1927, to mrs. sanders (in brazil). kipling has annotated the head of the first page 'own typing, with apologies' and writes to inform his correspondent that 'we are back from a visit to vichy --- the dullest spot on earth --- where we helped our daughter to get through a fortnights after-cure, with all the hotels shutting up every day all round us, till when we left, we seemed to be the last persons in town.' kipling continues to comment on the return journey, 'the roads are as perfect as the sunshine, and a most wonderful run into paris. as with you, it is all luck in france whether you hit a decent road or one that has been \u201cforgotten\u201d for a couple of years' and further reports on the rain, gale and floods of the season ('i marvel that there are such people as water-drinkers in the world') and remarks 'luckily, we have not had any foot and mouth disease in our beasts and all the herds are doing well and selling at not too bad prices'. he also refers to his dogs and their ailments, 'they do not quite understand the connection between medicaments and healing, and they will eat the boracic acid. but, otherwise, they are very dear and, in their reserved scottish style, most companionable. i have given one of their breed to a friend of mine in the village' and also explains 'my articles on brazil --- the very very little that i saw of it --- are to be published in the morning post next week, and, i hear, that they are to be translated into portuguese for one of the rio papers. never having read myself in that language, i am naturally much interested. hope the brazilians will be, too.' in concluding kipling again returns to the subject of foot and mouth disease, which 'is raging down in the new forest\u2026easily brought along by motors' and in a holograph postscript lists several books with very brief comments on each ('above all, ludwig's \u201cnapoleon\u201d'). an interesting and unusually lengthy letter. a couple of small areas of paper loss at the foot of the page, professionally repaired and only slightly affecting a few words of text and a few letters of the signature, otherwise vgrudyard kipling travelled through brazil accompanied by his wife in march & april 1927, writing seven travel letters for the morning post in london which were published between 29th november (shortly after the present letter was written) and 20th december 1927. they were also published in liberty in america from december 1927 - march 1928. each article was accompanied by a poem and were later published as the brazilian sketches.one of the most popular writers in the united kingdom in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, kipling's works of fiction include the jungle book (1894) and kim (1901). he is regarded as a major innovator in the art of the short story and his children's books are classics of children's literature. henry james said 'kipling strikes me personally as the most complete man of genius, as distinct from fine intelligence, that i have ever known.' in 1907, at the age of 42, he was awarded the nobel prize in literature, making him the first english-language writer to receive the prize, and its youngest recipient to date."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"123","title":{"es":"kipling rudyard: (1865-1936) english author. nobel prize winner for literature, 1907."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111404/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.036Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £500","currency":"GBP","id":111404,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111405/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111405/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a charming original pencil drawing, heightened in watercolour, signed ('kg') by gibran with his initials at the foot, on the verso of a folded 4to sheet (effectively therefore 8vo), the recto of which bears the printed heading of the imported grocery co., of gloucester, massachusetts, n.p., n.d. gibran's attractive drawing depicts a female nude standing in a three quarter length pose, her arms raised above her head as she holds an infant child on her right shoulder. two further pencil studies appear in the margins, one of the lower part of an arm and the other showing the outline of a small child. accompanied by an a.l.s., barbara young, by henrietta breckenridge boughton (1878-1961, gibran's secretary and companion from 1925 until his death), one page, 8vo, new york city, 26th april n.y. (1931), to mr. isham, on the printed stationery of the grand hotel. young states 'you have been many times in my thoughts since the hour you spent with the great pictures in the studio' and continues 'all that is now over. we are sailing may 4th\u2026.for england, then the continent and eventually syria. the pictures will go almost intact to beshari', adding that some will remain in the metropolitan museum in new york. young further adds 'i am sending you a sketch which gibran once sent me in a letter - and was therefore\u2026.by his own hand. this is my recognition of your beautiful understanding of his work.' a large, neat tear runs diagonally across the upper third of gibran's drawing and has been repaired to the verso. young's letter with some extensive, neat splitting to the folds, partially repaired to the verso, and with a few small tears and signs of age wear to the edges, g, 2gibran had died in new york city on 10th april 1931 at the age of 48, just over two weeks prior to young's letter transmitting gibran's original drawing. in the present letter young makes a reference to bsharri ('beshari'), the birthplace and final resting place of gibran, and the location of the gibran museum.kahlil gibran is regarded as a literary and political rebel, most famous for his 1923 work the prophet, an early example of inspirational fiction which was especially popular during the counterculture period of the 1960s. gibran's romantic style was at the heart of a renaissance in modern arabic literature. in lebanon he is still celebrated as a literary hero and is the third best-selling poet of all time, behind shakespeare and laozi."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"124","title":{"es":"gibran kahlil: (1883-1931) lebanese-american artist & poet."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111405/view","tags":["esart_drawings","escollectibles_autographs","esart","escollectibles_all","esart_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":19000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.038Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111405,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111406/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., albert, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (c.1930), to his first wife mileva, in german. einstein states that he is very much looking forward to seeing his younger son, eduard ('tetel') and will ensure that he will have a quiet and agreeable time, and has been informed by professor maier that tetel will take a second class night train, 'i bow to high science and think it will do no harm', further observing that 'the lives of ordinary people with prescribed activities and daily routines are better for their nerves than the lives of the rich lazy classes' and also commenting on the debilitating nervous effect of indolence. einstein continues in a somewhat bitter manner on the prospect of his son hans albert and daughter-in-law frieda having a child, remarking 'i am sorry to hear that those in dortmund are to have a child. this destiny must run its course, as tragic as it is'. in a postscript einstein adds that a graphologist has been able to detect from mileva's handwriting that she suffered from back pain, declaring 'quite a feat!'. a few very small, minor tears to the edges of the folds, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise vgmileva maric (1875-1948) serbian physicist, the first wife of albert einstein from 1903-19. the couple had two sons, hans albert (1904-1973) swiss-american engineer & educator and eduard (1910-1965) who was diagnosed with schizophrenia at the age of 20 and was committed to asylums for long periods of his life. both sons are referred to in the present letter.in 1927 hans albert married frieda krecht ('those in dortmund') and albert einstein disapproved of his daughter-in-law, much in the same way as his parents had of mileva. convinced of bad heredity in frieda and equally bad genes in hans albert, inherited from mileva's side, albert einstein prophesied disaster, as hinted at in the present letter, if the couple were to have children. their first son, bernhard, was born in 1930 and the couple had three other children, two of whom died at very early ages.einstein developed the general theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics, and is best known in popular culture for his formula e=mc2, the world's most famous equation."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"126","title":{"es":"einstein albert: (1879-1955) german-born theoretical physicist, nobel prize winner for physics, 1921."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111406/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":3900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.039Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111406,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111407/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111407/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111407/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"autograph manuscript signed, mussolini, three pages, 4to, n.p., n.d. (february 1930), in italian. the manuscript is the text for a speech mussolini made on the death of michele bianchi and states, in part, 'black shirts of italy! michele bianchi, quadrumvir of the republic, has died. with profound sadness, i announce this to you. he was one of the best among us\u2026.[he] was among the founders of the fasci di combattimento in 1919; secretary of the party in 1922; quadrumvir during the decisive days of the march on rome; honoured corporal of the voluntary militia for national security; state councillor; fascist minister; he tirelessly served the cause of the fatherland and of fascism for fifteen years\u2026.he took from his native land of calabria his intelligence, his silent perseverance, his active faith\u2026.faithful to his orders, he died fulfilling his duty until his last moments. black shirts of italy, raise your flag to half mast, and honour the memory of this comrade of our first epic vigil, faithful warrior - ready at any time and in any event - of our revolution'. signed by mussolini at the conclusion. written to the verso of pages of a printed proof of an italian book entitled il dramma di cannes mussolini has made a number of corrections to his text. a good, historic manuscript. a few small pinholes to the edges and corners of each page and a couple of small areas of paper loss to the first page, not affecting the text or signature, about vgmichele bianchi (1883-1930) italian revolutionary leader, one of the founding members of the fascist movement. as referred to in mussolini's manuscript, bianchi was one of the four leaders (quadrumvirs) that led mussolini's march on rome in october 1922.known as il duce, mussolini was the founder of italian fascism and leader of the national fascist party. he ruled italy as prime minister constitutionally from 1922 until 1925 at which point he abandoned all pretence of democracy and formed a legal dictatorship. mussolini's national fascist party was outlawed by the post war constitution of italy in 1947."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"127","title":{"es":"mussolini benito: (1883-1945) italian fascist dictator of world war ii who served as prime minister of italy from 1922-43."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111407/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.041Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111407,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111408/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an outstanding vintage signed 9.5 x 13 photograph of planck in a head and shoulders pose looking directly towards the camera in a determined manner. photograph by lotte jacobi and signed ('jacobi') by her in bold pencil to the lower photographer's mount. signed ('dr. max planck') by planck in bold, dark fountain pen ink with his name alone to the lower photographer's mount. framed and glazed in the original plain black wooden frame (bearing the ryman & co. ltd., fine art dealers, of high street, oxford, framer's original printed label pasted to the verso) to an overall size of 10 x 13.5. some very light, extremely minor silvering to the edges of the image and some equally minor, extremely light staining to the photographer's mount, not affecting the signature, otherwise vgthe present portrait was captured (and signed) by the german-american photographer johanna alexandra 'lotte' jacobi (1896-1990). an accomplished portrait photographer, her other subjects included albert einstein, robert frost, marc chagall, j. d. salinger, w. h. auden, martin buber, chaim weizmann and many others. jacobi travelled from assignment to assignment with her equipment, bringing her studio to the models. her preference was to make subjects most at ease before taking a photograph, an interesting policy given planck's apparently determined expression in the present image.provenance: the present photograph was signed for sir harold thompson (1908-1983) english physical chemist who graduated in 1929 and worked with planck in berlin. he returned to oxford in 1930 (at which time he evidently had the present photograph framed) after receiving a ph.d. from the friedrich wilhelm university of berlin. the photograph was acquired directly by the vendor from a member of thompson's family.max planck made many contributions to theoretical physics, but his fame as a physicist rests primarily on his role as an originator of quantum theory, which revolutionised human understanding of atomic and subatomic processes."},"estimateMax":4000,"lotNumber":"128","title":{"es":"planck max: (1858-1947) german theoretical physicist, noted for his work on quantum theory. nobel prize winner for physics, 1918."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111408/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":3000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.042Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - £4,000","currency":"GBP","id":111408,"estimateMin":3000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111409/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111409/8/8.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"a remarkable presentation book signed and inscribed, featuring nine original (and presumably unpublished) verses by milne, being a hardback edition of his play michael and mary, first edition published by chatto & windus, london, 1930. signed and inscribed by milne, using his family name ('blue'), to his wife on the front free endpaper, 'for my darling from her blue', also adding the words ' \"i suppose you do know -\" ' and the date, 28th may 1930, in his hand beneath the inscription. to the following two pages, including the half title page, milne has neatly penned nine original verses, comprising a total of fifty lines, each relating to nine of the characters in his play and the actors who created the roles on the london stage, signed ('a.a.m.') at the conclusion with his initials, in part,'michael - rowe played nightly by a bartsteers his way into the heartonly michael's marshall carriagepulls him through that risky marriage'(the role of michael created by herbert marshall)'mary - when i hear your \"don't you dare totouch me\" i can hardly bear tosit in silence. i am dyingto burst in upon you, cryingthank you, edna, very much. youangel, nobody can touch you'(the role of mary created by edna best)'david - when all of us are dead and goneand even frankie lawton's oldif actors still come \"off\" and \"on\"and tickets still are bought and sold\"how good\"\u2026thee\u2026will say\"that fellow - can't remember nameses -\"did - you know - in that rotten play\"by what's-it at the old st. james's\"'(the role of david created by frank lawton)'inspector - the burglar, whether british born or foreignnever escapes inspector thatcher (torin)if she's a female crook, inspector thatchercan always be relied upon to catch her'(the role of the inspector created by torin thatcher)'price - a horrible villain was price, i'm afraidwith his record of marriages hastily madeat a registry office, and vice-lessand, though it sounds odd, i am bound to confessthat in voice and department, in manners and dressthe way that you played him was priceless'(the role of harry price created by d. a. clarke smith)bound in the publisher's dark beige cloth and with a cream paper label (slightly chipped) printed in black to the spine, and lacking the dust jacket. a wonderful and rare association copy. some foxing and light age toning to the preliminary pages, most notable to the title page, and only very slightly affecting milne's text. gdorothy 'daphne' de selincourt (1890-1971) wife of a. a. milne (from 1913) and the mother of christopher robin milne. her husband's affectionate inscription in the present volume can be explained by the close of michael and mary; in the play the character of michael turns to mary, mother of their son, david, and proclaims 'i suppose you do know, mary, that, much as i love him, i love your little finger - your funny little finger, more than all of david?', mary gently replying 'i think i did know, michael. you've got a funny little finger too'.michael and mary is considered to be one of milne's most successful light comedic dramas and is a play about marriage, raising issues regarding law, religion, morality and illegitimacy. the play was originally staged in new york before moving to london where it opened at the st. james's theatre on 1st february 1930 and starred herbert marshall and edna best (themselves married from 1928-40, and also the couple to whom milne dedicated the present book) in the title roles. a year later michael balcon produced a film version of the play, retaining the stage cast in their roles. it was the first of marshall and best's co-starring talkies and was voted the third best british movie of 1932.a. a. milne was a noted writer, primarily a playwright, before the enormous success of his books about the teddy bear winnie-the-pooh overshadowed all of his previous work. the enduring popularity of milne's character is evident in the recent 90th anniversary celebrations of winnie-the-pooh's first arrival in hundred acre wood.provenance: the present volume was previously part of the roy davids collection of poetical manuscripts and was originally acquired by him directly from the milne family without any intermediate ownership."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"129","title":{"es":"milne a. a.: (1882-1956) english author, creator of winnie-the-pooh."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111409/view","tags":["escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.044Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111409,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111410/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., jung, to one side of a printed postcard, küsnacht, zurich, 11th june 1932, to dr. w[olfgang] kranefeldt, in german. jung thanks his correspondent for the copy of their excellent essay ewige analyse ('eternal analysis') and remarks 'the wharton family is a difficult subject. they also have to talk to the woman occasionally'. in a postscript jung further states 'an objective response to paneth's would be appropriate. i have not read it but can accept the idea that he must be stupid'. a letter of interesting content and association. a couple of very slight, minor creases to the corners, otherwise vgwolfgang muller kranefeldt (1892-1950) german psychiatrist and psychotherapist. closely associated with jung, kranefeldt was regarded as his 'leading pupil in germany' and was also analised by jung.friedrich adolph paneth (1887-1958) austrian chemist. paneth was a professor in various german universities from 1919-33.jung's work has not only been influential in psychiatry but also in philosophy, anthropology, archaeology, literature, and religious studies. a prolific writer, jung created some of the best known psychological concepts, including jungian archetypes, the collective unconscious, the psychological complex, and extraversion and introversion."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"130","title":{"es":"jung carl: (1875-1961) swiss psychiatrist and psychotherapist who founded analytical psychology."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111410/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.045Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111410,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111411/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"rare draft a.l.s., with his initials h.c., one page, 8vo, princes gate gardens (although on the printed stationery of collingham gardens), 9th may 1932, to [marc aurel?] stein. carter's retained draft is written in bold pencil and he informs his correspondent that he has just returned to london and found their letter regarding 'the photos of the tutankhamun materials', continuing 'the moment i\u2026.am able to get at the material i will send you the photos available - this i trust will be in a week or so'. autographs of carter are rare in any form, and the present example is particularly desirable for its reference to tutankhamun. two very small pinholes and slight rust stains to the upper left corner, not affecting the text or signature, vgthe recipient of carter's letter may well have been sir marc aurel stein (1862-1943) hungarian-british archaeologist.howard carter gained worldwide fame in november 1922 with his discovery of the intact tomb of the 18th dynasty pharaoh tutankhamun, perhaps the most famous figure associated with ancient egypt and certainly the world's most famous pharaoh."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"131","title":{"es":"carter howard: (1874-1939) english archaeologist and egyptologist who discovered the tomb of tutankhamun in 1922."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111411/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.047Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111411,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111412/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111412/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111412/12/12.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent d.s., g. marconi, three pages, 4to, pisa, n.d., [1934], in italian. the printed document is a proof copy of marconi's preface to antonio pacinotti: la vite e l'opera (edited by giovanni polvani and published by lischi and sons in two volumes, pisa, 1934). the text commences `seventy five years ago, between 1858 and 1859, a young man from pisa, working on some of his extremely original scientific tests, \"dreams\" as he used to call them, created for the first time ever a magnetic-electric device, suitable to generate a continuous electric induced power from a permanent mechanic power\u2026this young man was antonio pacinotti...and seventy five years of tests and further works have only served to prove all the advantages of such a discovery as its inventor predicted. his creation was simply perfect and represents in the history of the electricity the indispensable element, sought for fifty years, and never achieved\u2026this was the great italian creation: the battery. ´ marconi further makes references to pacinotti´s works, his tests and research, and his permanent lack of funds which made impossible the development of many of his projects and ideas. marconi concludes `i finish\u2026. expressing my wish that more tributes of this kind will show to italians and foreigners, with accurate and objective explanation of honest and sincere historical facts, the work and life of many other great geniuses of our country. this way we will be sure that we are collaborating to the tasks that the duce has called us for, that our beloved italy will be admired and dreaded, and be at the head of the world. ´ signed by marconi at the conclusion. a document of good content and with an interesting association. some light overall age toning and a few very small, extremely minor tears to the edges, not affecting the text or signature, vgantonio pacinotti (1841-1912) italian physicist, best known for inventing an improved form of direct current electrical generator, or dynamo, which he built in 1860 and described in a paper published in 1865. pacinotti also discovered that the device could also be used as an electric motor.the publication in which the present preface by marconi appeared was entitled antonio pacinotti - life and work, and was a compilation of writings, drawings, news and other documents compiled and edited by the italian physicist giovanni polvani (1892-1970).marconi is recognised for his pioneering work on long-distance radio transmission and for the development of a radio telegraph system. he is often credited as the inventor of radio and shared the 1909 nobel prize in physics (with karl ferdinand braun) in 'recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy'. marconi was also an entrepreneur and businessman who founded the wireless telegraph & signal company in the united kingdom in 1897 (which became the marconi company) and he succeeded in making a commercial success of radio by innovating and building on the work of previous experimenters and physicists."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"132","title":{"es":"marconi guglielmo: (1874-1937) italian inventor who developed a radio telegraph system. nobel prize winner for physics, 1909."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111412/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.246Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111412,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111413/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"an exceptional vintage signed and inscribed 7 x 9 photograph by piaf, the close-up portrait depicting piaf in a very early pose. the promotional polydor image, dating from around 1935/36, bears the printed caption môme piaf ('little sparrow') and is signed and inscribed by piaf with an early form of her signature in bold black fountain pen ink to a clear area at the head of the image, 'pour maurice detaille avec toute ma grande amitie, edith piaf'. signed photographs of piaf from this very early stage of her career are extremely rare, and the present example also has a good association. exmaurice detaille - french impresario associated with the abc music hall in paris in the 1930s and whom also had a professional relationship with edith piaf (as well as other french stars including charles trenet and marie dubas, herself an inspiration for piaf).piaf, the french cabaret singer, songwriter and actress, became widely regarded as france's national chanteuse, as well as being one of her country's greatest international stars. her music was often autobiographical with her singing reflecting her life and particularly the elements of love, loss and sorrow. piaf has acquired a legacy as one of the greatest performers of the 20th century and her voice and music continue to be celebrated globally."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"133","title":{"es":"piaf edith: (1915-1963) french singer."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111413/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.249Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£500 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111413,"estimateMin":500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111414/16/16.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111414/17/17.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111414/18/18.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111414/19/19.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111414/20/20.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., ernesto, four pages, 4to, key west, 31st march 1936, to erl rowan of the miami herald. hemingway states that he was glad to hear from his correspondent, but was sorry not to be present at a committee meeting, explaining 'was over my head in work. am behind on my book and working to a deadline\u2026' and continuing 'suppose you saw what i wrote mrs. [oliver c.] grinnell about the broadbill harpooning and that's why you sent the clipping\u2026.listen, kid, i had not seen one single comment on c. b. millers speech when [i] wrote mrs. g. nor have seen any. we don't get columns here. sorry he ratted on you. that was lousy. i have no ax (sic) to grind in this, except possibly that have found plenty of pro fishermen as good or better fellows than amateurs'. hemingway also questions his correspondent's statistics, remarking '1929 was a wonderful broadbill year. 1934 pitiful\u20263 only caught on rod and reel that year! so you can ignore 1935 as a good year in your american production and crash down on us with 1935 canadian production. always more broadbill off nova scotia anyway than off u.s.' and continues to enquire 'erl, tell me, what are you shooting for? who is this c.b. miller? why should you bat for him? probably he is a marvellous fellow but you and i know broadbill, marlin and tuna run in cycles. when they are thick they are cheap. when they are scarce they bring plenty in from outside but why not tax the imported fish and not throw even 1200 good swordfishermen out of work so rich pricks can pass baits to them\u2026.i am for making a living and for sport for the rich man and the poor man, and especially the poor man and against all class legislation. it is better that every rich man should have to go up to new brunswick and learn to cast a salmon fly properly and pay for his fishing or rent a good trout stream or go out and find new ocean fishing (there is a world of it to fish) than that one single poor man should be deprived of the livelihood that the sea has brought and that he has learned to take since over a hundred years. that's where i stand'. the writer further adds 'if you want to publish this [i] would be delighted. in my remarks about the broadbill figures (and i think they may be just) simply\u2026say choosing your yearly figures' and poses the question 'what the hell is angling anyway? you don't make the living you should recording it. we all go broke doing it. it was designed to be done for fun. but the fish should not be wasted! everyone should be allowed to practice it according to their own standards so long as the supply of fish is preserved.' hemingway concludes 'cuba, where i get completely accurate figures, has had lousy marlin figures for 2 years. next year may be a better one than the great 1933 - or the 1927 or 1929 - in one year i caught 54 in another 17. should i blame commercial slaughter? in 1929 i might have caught 154. they were that thick. anyway good luck to you always. i certainly appreciate all you do and the work you put into it. you are a damned fine sportsman. but don't let politicians suck you in - but of course you won't. have been working like hell'. accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by hemingway, marked 'personal', and signed ('e. hemingway') by him in the return address. a letter of good content relating to one of hemingway's great passions. vgmrs. oliver c. 'bill' grinnell - author of american big game fishing (1935) in collaboration with lynn bogue hunt and ernest hemingway. grinnell's introduction to the book and the charts provided within it explain that the fishing records started in the 1930s (the period when hemingway began big game fishing, inspired by the cuban fishermen who had been towed for two days by a giant marlin) were inaccurate on the subject of size. her description of fishing for big game also contains many elements found in hemingway's the old man and the sea (1952) - the beauty of the ocean and marine life in particular.hemingway's economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th century fiction, while his life of adventure and his public image influenced later generations. hemingway produced most of his work between the mid-1920s and the mid-1950s, winning the nobel prize for literature in 1954."},"estimateMax":6000,"lotNumber":"134","title":{"es":"hemingway ernest: (1899-1961) american novelist, nobel prize winner for literature, 1954."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111414/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":4000,"soldPrice":4200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.250Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£4,000 - £6,000","currency":"GBP","id":111414,"estimateMin":4000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111415/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a rare d.s., edward ri col in chief, as king and colonel-in-chief, at the head, one page, oblong folio, court at saint james's, 11th august 1936. the partially printed document is a military commission appointing arthur dare heskett to be a second lieutenant in the land forces, royal regiment of artillery. countersigned at the foot by harry knox (1873-1971) british general, adjutant-general to the forces 1935-37. his signature is faded and barely legible. with blind embossed pale blue paper seal affixed. documents signed by king edward viii during his brief reign as king are rare and desirable. with a heavy vertical fold at the centre and a light brown smudge mark close to, but not affecting, the king's signature. about vgarthur dare heskett (b.1916) british army officer who rose to the rank of lieutenant colonel.king edward viii became king on the death of his father, king george v, in early 1936. however, he demonstrated impatience with court protocol and caused concern among politicians by his apparent disregard for established constitutional conventions. only months into his reign he caused a constitutional crisis by proposing marriage to the american divorcee wallis simpson. the prime minister and other political leaders opposed the marriage arguing that a divorced woman with two living ex-husbands was both politically and socially unacceptable as a queen consort. furthermore, the marriage would have conflicted with king edward's status at the titular head of the church of england. when it became apparent that he could not marry wallis and remain on the throne, king edward viii abdicated, becoming the only british sovereign to voluntarily do so. he was succeeded by his younger brother, king george vi, and with a reign of just 326 days, king edward viii was one of the shortest-reigning monarchs in british history."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"135","title":{"es":"edward viii: (1894-1972) king of the united kingdom january - december 1936. later duke of windsor."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111415/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.251Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111415,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111416/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"brief t.l.s., j l baird, one page, 8vo, sydenham, 11th march 1937, to lionel armand aucoin. baird responds to his correspondent's letter and sends a signed photograph (no longer present). with blank integral leaf. rare. exbaird demonstrated the first working television system on 26th january 1926 and, two years later, the baird television development company achieved the first transatlantic television transmission. ranked number 44 in the bbc's list of the 100 greatest britons in 2002 and also named as one of the 10 greatest scottish scientists in history, baird's practical introduction of broadcast television for home entertainment have earned him a prominent place in television's history."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"136","title":{"es":"baird john logie: (1888-1946) scottish engineer and inventor of the world's first working television system."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111416/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.253Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111416,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111417/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good, unusual vintage signed and inscribed 12 x 11 photograph by both rachmaninoff and his wife, natalya satina, individually, the image depicting the couple seated together in a contented head and shoulders pose on a sofa in a wooden panelled room. 'signed' and inscribed by rachmaninoff in dark fountain pen ink, in cyrillic, to the lower photographer's mount, 'to tatiana mikhailovna and aleksei alekseevich from the \u201cinseparable\u201d rachmaninoffs', and dated 1938 in his hand. signed ('n. rachmaninoffa') by his wife, also in dark fountain pen ink and in cyrillic, with her name alone to the lower photographer's mount. some very slight silvering to the edges of the image and with some slight chipping and a few small areas of paper loss to the edges and corners of the photographer's mount, about vgthe present signed photograph is dated in the same year that rca victor recorded rachmaninoff and his wife playing his 4-hand piano duet, polka italienne, in new york.natalya satina (1877-1951) herself a pianist, was in fact rachmaninoff's first cousin and they first met in 1888 whilst young music students. they were married on 29th april 1902, but not without having to first petition the tsar to allow the marriage as they were so closely related and the russian orthodox church did not permit the marriage of first cousins.the pianist, composer and conductor's works are from the late-romantic period of classical music and some of these compositions are among the most popular in the classical repertoire. rachmaninoff is regarded as one of the major composers of the 20th century"},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"137","title":{"es":"rachmaninoff sergei: (1873-1943) russian pianist, composer and conductor."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111417/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.254Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111417,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111418/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., leon trotsky, one page, 4to, coyoacan, mexico, 14th january 1939, to gerard rosenthal, in french. trotsky announces 'jeanne molinier sent on the 25th december a letter in which she accuses cannon to have \"shamefully deceived\" her in an unworthy way in the case of the leon's letter affair, letters which she forwarded through her intermediary' and continues 'she expresses suspicions against naville who was seen in le havre when the boat left'. trotsky remarks 'all this is a premeditated madness. cannon is our most devoted friend. it is to him that i gave full power of attorney regarding all the things in paris that are mine and natalia's\u2026.i cannot tolerate any control from jeanne molinier over things that do not concern her. i refuse to grant the least trust in her, most of all since she has tried to hand over my documents to vereecken, leon's enemy and slanderer, and she has publicly slandered rudolf klement, the friend and collaborator of leon. i cannot permit the person who is capable of such betrayals to touch the documents that are mine. i can even less entrust this person with the education of my grandson and leon's nephew', further adding 'i grant by this letter full power of authorisation to my friend jim cannon to take sieva to america. i cannot accept any further delay in this matter. i kindly ask you, my friend, to act with extreme vigour. i want to finish as soon as possible with this black mail, behind which i can perfectly identify raymond molinier'. trotsky further explains that he is sending his correspondent copies of the letters (no longer present) from henri molinier and jeanne molinier, 'which prove that they had no doubt at all about the fact that the documents belonged to me. i will send to you, for the court case, the photocopies of leon's letters in which he expresses his opinion on the molinier clique and on vereecken, whose memory jeanne molinier tried to betray. we must finish with this\u2026.the most disgusting thing is that all these betrayals are happening under the guise of loyalty to leon's 'will''. a rare letter of good content and references to many of trotsky's associates (and some of his enemies). a couple of very minor staple rust stains to the upper left corner, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise vggerard rosenthal (1903-1992) french lawyer, a militant trotskyist and friend of the russian marxist revolutionary.james p. cannon (1890-1974) american trotskyist and a leader of the socialist workers party.leon sedov (1906-1938) russian trotskyist, son of leon trotsky and natalia ivanovna sedova.jeanne martin de pallieres - also known as jeanne molinier, wife of the french trotskyist leader raymond molinier (1904-1994) whom trotsky was to break with.pierre naville (1903-1993) french surrealist writer. initially a communist, and then a trotskyist, before joining france's unified socialist party (psu).natalia ivanovna sedova (1882-1962) russian revolutionary and cultural writer on marxism, the second wife of leon trotsky.georges vereeken (1896-1978) belgian socialist who broke with the trotskyist movement on a couple of occasions during his career.rudolf klement (1908-1938) german communist who became disillusioned with the rule of joseph stalin in the soviet union and became active in the left opposition. in 1933 he offered to work for trotsky and was employed as his secretary whilst in exile in turkey. assassinated.leon trotsky had two sons by his second wife, natalia, leon sedov and sergei. when leon sedov died (possibly having been killed by stalin's agents) in 1938 only zinaida volkova's (trotsky's eldest daughter by his first wife) son sieva was alive and at liberty. after sedov's death sieva was in the custody of sedov's companion and mistress, jeanne martin de pallieres (or molinier). trotsky had hoped to have molinier bring his grandson to him in mexico, but she was reluctant to do so. the present letter, written to trotsky's lawyer and friend, relates to the court case he brought against molinier in an attempt to remedy the situation with his grandson and resolve the fact that molinier was holding trotsky's archives 'hostage'. trotsky eventually won the case and in august 1939 sieva was reunited with trotsky in mexico.trotsky joined the bolsheviks shortly before the 1917 october revolution and eventually became a leader within the communist party alongside vladimir lenin, joseph stalin and others and was one of the seven members of the first politburo. during the early days of the soviet union trotsky served as people's commissar for foreign affairs and later as the founder and commander of the red army. he was a major figure in the bolshevik victory in the russian civil war (1918-23). after leading a failed struggle of the left opposition against the policies and rise of joseph stalin in the 1920s, trotsky was removed from power, expelled from the communist party and finally exiled from the soviet union. as the head of the fourth international, trotsky continued to oppose the stalinist bureaucracy in the soviet union from exile. on stalin's orders, he was assassinated in mexico in august 1940. trotsky's ideas formed the basis of trotskyism, a major school of marxist thought that opposes the theories of stalinism."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"138","title":{"es":"trotsky leon: (1879-1940) russian marxist revolutionary and theorist, the founding leader of the red army."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111418/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":4400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.255Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111418,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111419/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111419/8/8.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"an interesting series of original pencil diagrams in the hand of saint-exupéry, with several explanatory annotations in his hand, in french, also in pencil, unsigned, one page, oblong 4to, n.p., n.d. to the centre of the plain sheet of paper saint-exupéry has neatly drawn a diagram, featuring various measurements and arrows, which relate to his investigations into optic works, making the observations 'layout of the superimposed images', 'the image still on the focal layout because they hide the view of each other on the layout' and 'the lens can evidently be replaced by all associations of surfaces will give, as a result, the same angles. the same as it would happen through a funnel'. beneath the final statement, saint-exupéry has drawn three further, smaller diagrams, one circular and the others with various angles. to the verso appear seven small boxes drawn by saint-exupéry, each of them with shaded areas. a few small, minor file holes to the lower edge, not affecting the diagrams or text, vgthe french aristocrat antoine de saint-exupéry became a laureate of several of france's highest literary awards and is best remembered for his novella the little prince ('le petit prince', 1943) and for his lyrical aviation writings, including night flight (1931) and wind, sand and stars (1939). a successful commercial pilot before world war ii, saint-exupery joined the french air force at the outbreak of war, flying reconnaissance missions until france's armistice with germany in 1940. after being demobilised from the french air force, he travelled to the united states to persuade its government to enter the war against nazi germany. following a 27-month hiatus in north america, during which he wrote three of his most important works, he joined the free french air force in north africa, although he was far past the maximum age for such pilots and in declining health. saint-exupéry disappeared over the mediterranean on a reconnaissance mission in july 1944, and is believed to have died at that time. prior to the war, saint-exupéry had achieved fame in france as an aviator. his literary works - among them the little prince, translated into over 250 languages and dialects - posthumously boosted his stature to national hero status in france."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"139","title":{"es":"saint-exupery antoine de: (1900-1944) french writer, poet and pioneering aviator."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111419/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.257Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111419,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111420/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a charming, early a.l.s., elizabeth, one page, 8vo, windsor castle, 25th april 1941, to prebendary percival. the young princess, writing just a few days after her fifteenth birthday, thanks her correspondent for a book although remarks 'i am afraid i have got a copy of it but i would be most delighted with r. l. stevenson's \"virginibus puerisque\"', adding 'i have not got it and i should love to read it'. princess elizabeth continues to add that it was most kind of her correspondent to have remembered her birthday and concludes 'i am sending the book (no longer present) back to you as i did not know what you would like done with it'. an elegantly penned letter. some very light, extremely minor creasing, vglauncelot percival (1869-1941) anglican priest who served in the ecclesiastical households of queen victoria, king edward vii, king george v, king edward viii and king george vi.robert louis stevenson's virginibus puerisque was published in 1881 and was the first collection of the scottish writer's essays. the works, including on falling in love, apology for idlers, english admirals and child's play, promote a spirit of playfulness in defiance of both the hardships of human life and the restrictions imposed by bourgeois philistinism. although not selling well, the volume did enjoy a good critical reception which confirmed stevenson as one of the rising stars of the literary scene.in 2015 queen elizabeth ii became the longest reigning british monarch, surpassing the reign of her great-great-grandmother, queen victoria, and is the longest reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history."},"estimateMax":1600,"lotNumber":"140","title":{"es":"elizabeth ii: (1926- ) queen of the united kingdom 1952- ."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111420/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1200,"soldPrice":1400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.259Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,200 - £1,600","currency":"GBP","id":111420,"estimateMin":1200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111421/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111421/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good a.l.s., daphne du maurier, two pages, 8vo, fowey, cornwall, 21st august 1942, to miss. pottinger and miss. hurst. du maurier writes 'i am glad you enjoyed the story of \"rebecca\"' and continues to answer her correspondent's questions, '1. the heroine was nameless on purpose, because i wished to see if it were possible to write a complete story without once giving a name to the chief character. and i succeeded! 2. the second question is too difficult to answer. no author can say why he or she thinks of a particular theme. the idea just comes slowly, and is then worked out on paper'. some light age wear and a few small, neat splits at the edges of the folds, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise about vga scarce vintage letter in which the novelist comments on one of her most famous works. rebecca (1938) has had a significant impact on popular culture, not least through the 1940 academy award winning film adaptation of the novel, directed by alfred hitchcock and starring laurence olivier, joan fontaine and judith anderson. the best-selling novel has never gone out of print."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"141","title":{"es":"du maurier daphne: (1907-1989) british author."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111421/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:42.260Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111421,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111422/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a superb vintage signed 7.5 x 9.5 photograph of the director seated in a full length pose alongside a large technicolour camera on the set of his film under capricorn (1949). hitchcock holds one arm at length as he gives direction to his players and in the background the camera operator paul beeson can be seen. signed ('alfred j hitchcock') by the director in bold, dark fountain pen ink with his name alone to a clear area of the image. about exunder capricorn (1949) was the second of hitchcock's movies to be made in technicolour (the first being rope, released a year earlier) and starred ingrid bergman, joseph cotton and michael wilding.hitchcock pioneered many elements of the suspense and psychological thriller genres over a career spanning more than half a century. often regarded as the greatest british filmmaker, he came first in a 2007 poll of film critics in the daily telegraph. in 2002 the moviemaker magazine named hitchcock the most influential filmmaker of all time."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"142","title":{"es":"hitchcock alfred: (1899-1980) british film director."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111422/view","tags":["esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":1400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.658Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111422,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111423/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent vintage signed and inscribed 9 x 11.5 photograph by pagnol, the image depicting him in a head and shoulders pose looking directly towards the camera. photograph by henri moiroud. signed ('marcel') by pagnol in bold, black fountain pen ink to a clear area at the base of the image and further inscribed ('a toi, mon cher tintin, avec ma meilleure affection') in french and dated 1943 in his hand. signed photographs of pagnol of this size and quality are rare and desirable. vghenri moiroud (1911-1999) french photographer who served as still photographer at pagnol's film studios in marseille from 1941-56.pagnol became the first filmmaker to be elected to the academie francaise in 1946 and is widely regarded as one of france's greatest 20th century writers and is notable for excelling in almost every medium - memoir, novel, drama and film."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"143","title":{"es":"pagnol marcel: (1895-1974) french filmmaker, novelist & playwright."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111423/view","tags":["esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.659Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111423,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111424/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111424/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"book signed, a hardback edition of gandhiji - his life and work, published by keshav bhikaji dhawale, bombay, november 1945 (popular impression unabridged). the book, which was originally published in october 1944 in recognition of gandhi's 75th birthday, is boldly signed by gandhi in dark fountain pen ink with both his english ('m. k. gandhi') and hindustani forms of signature to the attractively illustrated half title page. english text and with numerous illustrations (some of them colour plates) and bound in printed boards and with a cloth spine. lacking the dust jacket. spine somewhat loose and with some slight overall age wear, otherwise about vgprovenance: the present book is accompanied by a typed statement signed by a previous owner stating that the book was acquired by and signed for his late aunt, ruth coe manchester. manchester had sailed to india on 18th december 1919 to take up a position as a teacher at the isabella thoburn college in lucknow (now a part of the university of lucknow). manchester, a great admirer of gandhi, remained teaching in india until the late 1940s when she returned to her native america. she died in 1982 and the book, regarded as one of manchester's prize possessions, passed down the family. in 1987 john kenneth galbraith (1908-2006) canadian-american economist & dipolmat, united states ambassador to india 1961-63, was invited to sign the book. his bold black ink signature ('john kenneth galbraith, 1987 - ambassador to india, 1961-1963') appears to the blank recto of the illustrated frontispiece. also included with the lot is a copy of an article relating to ruth coe manchester and her time in india.unofficially labelled the father of the nation, gandhi was the preeminent leader of the indian independence movement in british-ruled india. employing nonviolent civil disobedience, gandhi led india to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"144","title":{"es":"gandhi mahatma: (1869-1948) indian political and spiritual leader during the indian independence movement."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111424/view","tags":["escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.660Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111424,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111425/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111425/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an exceptional and extremely rare vintage multiple signed \u2018short snorter\u2019, the american one dollar bank note, featuring over twenty five signatures, including \u2018the big three\u2019 of churchill, roosevelt and stalin, and many other leading political and military figures of world war ii, all collected by frank sawyer, valet to winston s. churchill, at various historic meetings between 1939-45. the identified signatories on the \u2018short snorter\u2019 are -winston s. churchill (1874-1965) british prime minister 1940-45, 1951-55. at the outbreak of world war ii churchill was appointed first lord of the admiralty and, following the resignation of neville chamberlain, became prime minister in 1940. his speeches and radio broadcasts helped inspire british resistance, especially during the difficult days of 1940-41 when the british commonwealth and empire stood almost alone in its active opposition to adolf hitler. churchill led great britain as prime minister until victory over nazi germany had been secured.franklin d. roosevelt (1882-1945) american president 1933-45. following the attack by the japanese on pearl harbor in december 1941, roosevelt obtained the approval of the united states congress to declare war on japan and, a few days later, germany. the president worked closely with winston s. churchill and joseph stalin (as well as chinese generalissimo chiang kai-shek) in leading the allies against nazi germany, fascist italy and imperial japan in world war ii. \u2018the big three\u2019 of roosevelt, churchill and stalin met regularly during world war ii, most notably at the tehran conference (1943) and the yalta conference (1945).joseph stalin (1878-1953) general secretary of the central committee of the communist party of the soviet union 1922-52. stalin met winston s. churchill and/or franklin d. roosevelt in several conferences during world war ii to plan military strategy and, later, to discuss europe\u2019s post-war reorganisation. the earlier conferences, such as that with british diplomats in moscow in 1941, and with churchill and american diplomats in moscow in 1942, largely focused on war planning and supply. in 1943 stalin met churchill and roosevelt at the tehran conference and in the following year the soviet dictator met churchill at the moscow conference. in february 1945, at the yalta conference, stalin demanded a soviet sphere of political influence in eastern europe. he was eventually convinced by churchill and roosevelt not to dismember germany.king george vi (1895-1952) king of the united kingdom 1936-52. in 1939, following britain\u2019s declaration of war on nazi germany, king george vi and his consort, queen elizabeth, resolved to stay in london and reside at buckingham palace despite the german bombing raids (one of which nearly killed them). throughout world war ii king george vi made various morale boosting visits and travelled to see allied military forces abroad in france in december 1939, north africa and malta in june 1943, normandy in june 1944, southern italy in july 1944 and the low countries in october 1944. each tuesday for four and a half years from september 1940 king george vi met privately with winston s. churchill for lunch in order to discuss the war in in secret and with frankness, developing into \u2018the closest personal relationship in modern british history between a monarch and a prime minister\u2019.anthony eden (1897-1977) 1st earl of avon. british prime minister 1955-57, succeeding winston s. churchill after having served as his deputy for almost fifteen years. eden served as foreign secretary on three occasions, including a spell for most of world war ii from 1940-45, and also briefly served as secretary of state for war in 1940. eden was one of churchill\u2019s closest confidants, however his role during the war as foreign secretary was restricted as churchill himself conducted the most important negotiations with franklin d. roosevelt and joseph stalin. despite this eden served loyally as churchill\u2019s lieutenant and was present at the quebec conference in 1943 and the potsdam conference in 1945.louis mountbatten (1900-1979) 1st earl mountbatten of burma. british admiral of the fleet. mountbatten, a favourite of churchill, served as supreme allied commander, south east asia command from 1943-46. he also accompanied churchill to his meeting with franklin roosevelt in french morocco, known as the casablanca conference, in january 1943 (which stalin declined to attend).harold alexander (1891-1969). 1st earl alexander of tunis. british field marshal. alexander oversaw the final stages of the allied evacuation from dunkirk and later held high ranking field commands in burma, north africa and italy, including serving as commander-in-chief middle east and commanding the 18th army group in tunisia. alexander then commanded the 15th army group for the capture of sicily and ended the war as supreme allied commander mediterranean.alan brooke (1883-1963) 1st viscount alanbrooke. british field marshal who served as chief of the imperial general staff, the professional head of the british army, during world war ii. as chairman of the chiefs of staff committee, brooke was the foremost military adviser to winston s. churchill and had the role of co-ordinator of the british military efforts in the allies\u2019 victory in 1945.arthur tedder (1890-1967) 1st baron tedder. british marshal of the royal air force. tedder served as air officer commanding raf middle east command during world war ii and directed air operations in the mediterranean and north africa, including the evacuation of crete and operation crusader in north africa. later in the war tedder took command of mediterranean air command and, as such, was closely involved in the planning of the allied invasion of sicily and then the allied invasion of italy. tedder was appointed deputy supreme commander at supreme headquarters allied expeditionary force (shaef) under dwight eisenhower at the time of the planning of operation overlord, the invasion of france.hastings ismay (1887-1965) 1st baron ismay. british indian army general and diplomat. during world war ii ismay served as chief military assistant to winston s. churchill, becoming the principal link between the prime minister and the chiefs of staff committee. ismay accompanied churchill on numerous wartime conferences including the casablanca conference, the third washington conference, the quebec conference, the cairo conference and the tehran conference, all of which took place in 1943. ismay also accompanied lord beaverbrook to the first moscow conference in 1941 and accompanied anthony eden to the third moscow conference in 1943.max aitken (1879-1964) 1st baron beaverbrook. canadian business tycoon, politician and newspaper proprietor. a friend and confidant of winston s. churchill, beaverbrook was appointed minister of aircraft production (1940-41) by the prime minister and also went on to serve churchill as minister of supply (1941-42), minister of war production (1942) and lord privy seal (1943-45). in 1941 beaverbrook headed the british delegation to moscow with w. averell harriman, making beaverbrook the first senior british politician to meet joseph stalin since hitler\u2019s invasion of the soviet union. beaverbrook also accompanied churchill to several wartime meetings with franklin d. roosevelt, with whom he also enjoyed a friendly relationship.randolph churchill (1911-1968) british journalist & politician, son of winston s. churchill. churchill played an active role during world war ii, both in political office and military service. he rose to the rank of major and saw action in the western desert theatre and also joined the newly formed special air service (sas) and their commanding officer, david stirling, along with six other sas officers on a mission in the libyan desert. churchill encouraged the conversion of vichy fighters to de gaulle\u2019s army, submitting reports to parliament in 1943, and went on a diplomatic mission to yugoslavia in 1944.dwight d. eisenhower (1890-1969) american president 1953-61. a general with the united states army during world war ii, eisenhower served as supreme commander of the allied forces in europe and was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of north africa in operation torch (1942-43) and the successful invasion of france and germany (1944-45) from the western front.w. averell harriman (1891-1986) american politician & diplomat who served under president franklin d. roosevelt as a special envoy to europe and as the u.s. ambassador to the soviet union 1943-46 and u.s. ambassador to great britain, 1946. harriman was present at a number of important meetings and conferences during world war ii including the meeting between churchill and roosevelt at placentia bay in 1941 (yielding the atlantic charter), the moscow conference of 1942, the tehran conference of 1943, the yalta conference and finally also the potsdam conference (both 1945).kathleen harriman (1917-2011) american journalist, daughter of w. averell harriman. harriman accompanied her father to the yalta conference in 1945 and, a year earlier, serving as her father\u2019s representative she had accompanied various other foreign correspondents to the katyn forest in western russia, the site of the massacre of thousands of polish officers earlier in the war. the journalists had been taken there to witness the autopsies of the exhumed bodies, part of a russian disinformation campaign to ensure that nazi germany would be blamed for the atrocities. the myth (aided by many unwitting news agencies) that the nazis had carried out the killings would endure for many years until, decades later, the russians admitted responsibility.roy w. howard (1883-1964) american journalist, president of united press. howard was granted an interview by joseph stalin in 1936. a supporter of franklin d. roosevelt in his initial presidential election, howard\u2019s relationship with the american president later soured. white house documents dating from world war ii revealed that roosevelt had decreed that howard should not be issued with a passport or to be sent overseas as a foreign correspondent.king peter ii (1923-1970) king of yugoslavia 1934-45. following the invasion of yugoslavia in 1941 by germany, bulgaria, hungary and italy (all of whom annexed various parts of the country) king peter ii travelled to london where he joined numerous other governments in exile from nazi occupied europe. the king was commissioned in the royal air force and, in 1942, made an ambassadorial visit to america, meeting franklin d. roosevelt, in an (ultimately unsuccessful) effort to secure allied support for the exiled yugoslav monarchist cause. roosevelt and churchill had, however, already engaged the support of the communist yugoslav government in the allied effort to defeat nazi germany.all of the signatures are in fountain pen inks and, by the very nature of the short snorter, some are more legible than others. it is of particular interest, most likely as a deliberate act, that the soviet dictator joseph stalin chose to sign his name across the image of american president george washington at the centre of the bank note. the short snorter also features the ownership signature of frank sawyer. some light overall age wear, otherwise about vgan exceptionally rare collection of signatures by some of world war ii\u2019s most important political and military leaders, including \u2018the big three\u2019 of churchill, roosevelt and stalin.provenance: the present short snorter was previously in the possession of frank sawyer, who served as winston churchill\u2019s valet during world war ii, leaving his service after the end of the war. in such a role sawyer, would have accompanied churchill on many domestic and foreign trips, not least to the various conferences held in casablanca, moscow, tehran and yalta during the course of the war. on such trips, sawyer evidently had access to many of the important individuals in churchill\u2019s company and took such opportunities to extend the collection of significant signatures on his short snorter.american book prices current record only a small handful of autographs by churchill, roosevelt and stalin together on one piece having been previously sold at auction, including a white house card signed at the tehran conference ($65,000, profiles in history, 2014), another white house card signed by all three, from the forbes collection and contained in an album ($22,000, christie\u2019s new york, 2010) and a united states card signed at the potsdam conference (£15,000 [$26,258], christie\u2019s, 2003).the tradition and history of the short snorter in world war ii is perhaps best summarised by michael dobbs in his book six months in 1945 - fdr, stalin, churchill, and truman - from world war to cold war (2012) in which he writes \u2018perhaps the quirkiest of summit rituals was the short-snorter game. invented by alaskan bush pilots, it had been embraced by presidents, prime ministers, ambassadors and generals alike. the rules were simple. a group of people travelling together signed banknotes recording who was present. anybody unable to produce the banknote upon request at a subsequent meeting was obliged to buy a drink (a \u2018short snort\u2019) for his companions. previous conferences had resulted in countless short snorters signed by everybody from churchill to george c. patton. at the second yalta plenary session, harry hopkins made it his business to get stalin\u2019s signature on a short snorter\u2026.fdr and churchill had no hesitation signing the ten-ruble note bearing the sacrosanct image of vladimir lenin, but stalin balked, obviously mystified. roosevelt explained the rules, adding that anybody who flew across the atlantic could join the club, provided that he was invited by at least two existing members. this gave stalin an easy way out. he pointed out that he had never flown across the atlantic and was therefore ineligible. \u201ci am taking it upon myself to waive that requirement in this instance\u201d replied the president magnanimously. the vozhd signed - but was not amused\u2019."},"estimateMax":15000,"lotNumber":"145","title":{"es":"world war ii:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111425/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":10000,"soldPrice":11000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.663Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£10,000 - £15,000","currency":"GBP","id":111425,"estimateMin":10000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111426/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an extremely rare and historically important original flow-chart, the partially printed document, completed in typescript, is entitled gliederung oberkommando d. wehrmacht, one page, oblong folio, n.p. (flensburg), may 1945, in german. the organisational diagram showing the composition of the german army high command (okw) as at 10th may 1945, with generalfeldmarschall wilhelm keitel as chef okw/chefgruppe and generaloberst alfred jodl as chef wehrmachtsfuhrungsstab and also identifies the ranks of various other german officers within the structure of the okw including hermann reinecke, rudolf lehmann, siegfried adolf handloser, leopold bürkner, erich dethleffsen and heinz assmann. some light overall creasing and some tears and areas of paper loss to some edges and corners, professionally restored in places, gprovenance: the present document was previously the property of major general sir kenneth strong, general eisenhower's chief of intelligence, and retained by him as an historical souvenir of the end of world war ii in europe.the present document was produced at the insistence of the allies when a shaef control party visited doenitz\u2019s headquarters at flensburg on 12th may 1945. the team comprised fourteen americans led by major general lowell w. rooks and eleven british under brigadier e.j. foord. a meeting was convened between 8.25pm and 8.45pm on the 12th may with the okw representative, colonel meyer-detring. as a result okw were ordered to produce by 10am on the 13th may a number of documents relating to the composition of the armed forces and their senior commanders. the present document was one of those so produced and is historically significant in that it is the last okw organisational diagram to include field marshall keitel as its chief. however, by midday, germany\u2019s new chancellor, grand admiral döenitz, was advised that the supreme commander of the army high command, field marshal keitel was, on the instructions of general eisenhower, to be relieved of his post immediately and treated as a prisoner of war. colonel general jodl assumed keitel\u2019s position until both the acting german government and the german high command were dissolved, and its members arrested, on the 23rd may 1945.four days after the surrender at reims, general eisenhower ordered general rooks, a deputy g-3 of shaef, to establish a control party at flensburg in order to impose the will of the supreme commander on the okw in the areas of germany occupied by the western allies. headed by general der infanterie friedrich fangohr, rook\u2019s orders were to compile information about the german command system through the collection and safeguarding of all okw documents at fiensburg. following field marshal keitel\u2019s arrest, general jodl assured the allied general that he would undertake to carry out shaef directives in the interests of maintaining order and saving the german people from catastrophe. meanwhile, doenitz declared that the german armed forces had taken an oath to him personally and would obey his orders. he understood the critical situation that the reich now found itself in, with severe shortages of food, currency, and fuel. the focus had shifted from military to civilian needs, in which doenitz felt compelled to organised through a central german authority. general rooks brushed suggestion aside, stating that shaef army group commanders would organise their own zonal affairs, and that the okw would only be involved in matters common to all allied zones. on the 17th may, doenitz\u2019s censored statement to the german people removed any doubts or aspirations the fledgling continuation government had of leading its citizens, \"the german reich has had to capitulate because it was at the end of its power of resistance. the first consequence that we have to draw is the most loyal fulfilment of the demands made on us. there must be no officer and no soldier, who would try by illegal means to evade the consequences which have arisen out of the last war and an unconditional surrender.\" despite these evidences of co-operation, messages of were still being transmitted from inside the okw enclave that were angering the allies, including arrangements made to established a german chain of command through which it could carry out the initial steps of disbanding the enemy forces. this prompted the imposition of censorship of flensburg radio and its ultimate closure. other criticisms arose when senior allied officers were photographed in friendly poses with high-level german commanders and when reports were printed that enemy leaders were receiving special treatment, and that some members of the old regime might be perpetuated in power. on 19th may, the supreme commander directed the 21 army group to consult with the shaef control party at flensburg and then to arrest the members of doenitz' \"so-called government\" and of okw. on the morning of 23rd may, general rooks summoned doenitz, jodl, and friedeburg to his office and informed them of the supreme commander's order. the officers were then put under guard, but, despite all precautions, admiral friedeburg killed himself by taking poison. with the arrest of doenitz and members of his staff, the main work of the shaef control party at flensburg was ended. general rooks indicated his intention of leaving the area about 27th may and handed over local control to a small joint u.s.-british ministerial control party. however, he retained general policy control of the southern branch of okw which was still in existence and made attempts to disband german forces in that sector.wilhelm keitel (1882-1946) german field marshal who served as chief of the oberkommando der wehrmacht (supreme command of the armed forces) for most of world war ii, making him the chief of defense for germany.alfred jodl (1890-1946) german general, who served as the chief of the operations staff of the armed forces high command (okw). after the war, jodl was indicted on the charges of conspiracy to commit crime against peace; planning, initiating and waging wars of aggression; war crimes; and crimes against humanity.hermann reinecke (1888-1973) german general in the wehrmacht and convicted war criminal during world war ii. as head of the general office of the armed forces, he was responsible for the creation and implementation of the pow policy.rudolf lehmann (1890-1955) german jurist and military judge.siegfried adolf handloser (1885-1954) german doctor, chief of the german armed forces medical services.leopold bürkner (1894-1975) german vice admiral.erich dethleffsen (1904-1980) german general, planned the german invasion of norway and denmark during world war ii.heinz assmann (1904-1954) german naval captain who was a kriegsmarine staff officer in the okw. he is notable for being present in the conference room when the 20 july plot bomb exploded in 1944.the oberkommando der wehrmacht (or okw), part of the command structure of the german armed forces during world war ii. it served as the military general staff for adolf hitler's third reich, coordinating the efforts of the german army (heer), navy (kriegsmarine), and air force (luftwaffe). in theory, the okw was only hitler's military office, was charged with translating hitler's ideas into military orders, and had little real control over the army, navy and the air force high commands. the okw was headed for the entire war by wilhelm keitel and reported directly to hitler, from whom most operational orders actually originated as he had made himself oberster befehlshaber der wehrmacht (supreme commander of the armed forces). alfred jodl was keitel's chef des wehrmachtführungsstabes (chief of operation staff).during the nuremberg trials, the okw was indicted but acquitted of being a criminal organization like the waffen-ss. wilhelm keitel and alfred jodl were convicted and sentenced to death by hanging. jodl was posthumously acquitted of the main charges against him in 1952, six years after the sentence was carried out. during the subsequent high command trial in 1947/48, several okw members were charged with war crimes, especially for the commissar order to shoot red army political commissars in german-occupied countries, the killing of pows and participation in the holocaust. eleven defendants received prison sentences ranging from three years including time served to lifetime imprisonment, two were acquitted on all counts, and one committed suicide during the trial."},"estimateMax":5000,"lotNumber":"146","title":{"es":"world war ii:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111426/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3000,"soldPrice":2800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.666Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£3,000 - 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extremely rare and historically important top secret document prepared by commodore tully shelley, intelligence officer with the u.s. navy, 36 pages (originally 37, unfortunately lacking the first page), folio, n.p. (shaef headquarters, germany), 19th june 1945. the carbon typed document represents the original english translation of the daily notes prepared by walter ludde-neurath in his capacity as personal adjutant to grand admiral karl doenitz, and date from 2nd \u2013 17th may 1945 at the time when doenitz was serving as head of the flensburg government. the momentous document was completed under the instruction of major general sir kenneth strong commences with a summary of its contents, the salient points listed in numbered paragraphs from 4-11 (1-3 evidently originally on the missing first page), in part, \u2018historically enclosure (a) is a document of great value, and for the immediate future there can be gained from the document a very good insight in to the aim of the doenitz government.\u2026 the doenitz government accepted this report of hitler\u2019s death as a fact and acted thereon accordingly. it is very interesting to note that doenitz acted upon bormann\u2019s despatch and completely disregarded goebbels\u2019 later despatch insofar as the formation of the new government was concerned.\u2026a further item of interest\u2026\u201dthe true spirit of national unity (volksgemeinschaft) which national socialism created must be maintained; the multi-party madness which prevailed before 1933 must not be allowed to seize its place again\u201d ...doenitz expressed himself very forcefully as favouring co-operation with the western powers\u2026 doctor rössner on the 17 may 1945 reported the recent growing development among the troops and officers toward eastern orientation\u2026 thoughts were developing among german officers that the german fleet should be sailed to kronstadt instead of to english harbours. in addition, further centers of attraction favouring the russian side were set forth, such as: (a) the hoped for rapid re-establishment of national unity, quoting stalin, \u201cgermany must not be dismembered\u201d\u2026.(c) a better provisional outlook in the east for each professional soldier\u2026.in conversation with dr. rössner, doenitz branded such a position as monstrously short-sighted\u2026but no one considers the price which in the long run we would have to pay: the giving up of volkische existence\u2026(following a meeting between doenitz, speer, wegener, keitel, jodl and wagner on 11th may 1945 to discuss the problem of east vs. west)\u2026the russians occupy that portion of germany east of the elbe, which was from the standpoint of supplying food an area of overabundance\u2026. he (the russian) will find it easy to create bearable living conditions\u2026 in conjunction with dexterous management and propaganda threatens the bolshevization of the largest part of the population in this area. the west has been an area of agricultural scarcity\u2026 refuges\u2026 sizeable overpopulation\u2026 the inevitable results are hunger, epidemic and the promotion of radicalism among the masses\u2026. and knowledge of the happier fate of the east german area will do the rest for the bolshevization of this part of germany too. the problems of this world and in particular of europe have not been settled by this war\u2026future disruption and the hope for a bettering of our fate lead people to seek the path of least sacrifice\u2026 the east appears enticing. the complete lack of understanding of the anglo-americans of these problems and their short sighted, colonial-minded management of the german people leads further in the direction of throwing us into the arms of the russians. if the foregoing problems are not soon carried through to an energetic solution, the developments will necessarily bear bolshevistic fruit.\u2019 and continues with the complete english translations of ludde-neurath\u2019s daily notes commencing on 2nd may 1945 and which state, in part, \u2018minutes of discussions and decisions\u2026radio despatch 1807/30/ag 14. received: 30 april 1835 contents: f r r grand admiral doenitz: the fuhrer has designated you as his successor instead of ex-reichsmarschall goering. written confirmation follows. from now on, you will order such measures as will be found necessary in the current situation\u2026(in reply)\u2026my fuhrer, my loyalty to you will be unconditional. i shall make every effort in order to relieve you in berlin. nevertheless if fate forces me to lead the german reich as your chosen successor, i shall conduct this war to the end in a manner befitting this unique heroic struggle\u2026 of the german volk. radio despatch 1446/1/ag 32 transmitted: 1 may 1518 contents: f r r grand admiral (top secret. officer messenger only!). the führer died yesterday at 1530. the testament of 29 april confers on you the office of reichespresident\u2026 reichsleiter bormann is trying to get to you today in order to brief you on the situation. goebbels\u2026..daily notes 2 may 1945 1030 hrs. discussion about basic political questions. (minutes, present were doenitz, krosigt, wegener) the military situation is hopeless. in the present stage, the principle goal of the government must be to save as many german people as possible from extermination by bolshevism. in so far as the anglo-saxons oppose this goal, we must continue to fight against them as well\u2026. the cessation of the struggle against the anglo-saxons in nevertheless desirable in order to avoid any further useless sacrifices\u2026 the insistence of the enemy powers on general unconditional surrender blocks this goal\u2026 because it would deliver to the russians defenceless millions of german soldiers and civilians. our aim is therefore surrender only to the west\u2026the naming of an entire cabinet did not appear pressing; nevertheless the appointment of a foreign minister was considered desirable. the former minister of finances, count schwerin von krosigk undertook the post of foreign minister. 1150 hrs. discussion of the bohemian question. participants as before plus the reichsfuhrer ss (himmler). depending on supplies and munitions, the territory can be held for three weeks longer. the political situation is precarious\u2026 and nothing is known to us concerning the agreements arrived at by the allies at yalta regarding this area. 1600 hrs. situation. a further resistance in the northern area against the anglo-americans which until now had only the aim of holding this door open, has now become senseless. therefore it was decided to enter into conversations with montgomery as quickly as possible. daily notes 3 may 1945\u2026uncontrollable reports circulated concerning large and rapid gains of the english in the north german area. 0930 hrs bohemia stands on the eve of revolt\u2026the principle goal must be the rescue of the german people still in the area. immediate measures:...declaration of prague as an open city.\u2026sending of one german and one czech representative together to eisenhower. 1100 hrs. discussion of norway and denmark. norway: the military situation is good. the area is well defended and well supplied. the commander-in-chief (ob) is convinced of the capacity of his territory to resist. denmark: politically speaking, in spite of the strong movement for freedom, a revolt is to be expected only in the event of attack from without. conditions are made difficult by the refugee situation. 1200 field marshal keitel. the defensive installations of kiel as a naval base are insufficient on the land side\u2026 the grand admiral approves therefore the declaration of kiel as an open city. 1530 hrs. the questions of the netherlands. the reichkommissar reports concerning his late negotiations with the enemy (gegner), which are at a satisfactory stage\u2026 fulfil our military commitments, but do not flood the land. an honorable transition might pick us up a little credit. 1700 hrs. the position of south germany\u2026.there is lacking power to preserve order\u2026.signs of defection among the troops and the administration\u2026.the people are hostile towards the troops\u2026.the tyrolean volkssturm is negotiating with the austrian freedom movement\u2026.kesselring reported by telegraph that he was forced to sign the surrender of the army group southwest\u2026. (translator\u2019s note: the following words were crossed out in pencil: \u201cposition taken by grand admiral: kesselring interests himself very little in the grand situation\u201d \u2026we can rejoice in any territory of which the americans and not the russians take possession\u2026.daily notes 4 may 1945. 0900 hrs. report of friedeburg on his negotiations with montgomery\u2026..montgomery demanded the unconditional surrender of all german armed forces in holland, friesland, schleswig and denmark\u2026..moreover, he promised verbally that german prisoners of war would not be handed over by him to russia\u2026.the grand admiral therefore approved the signature of the conditions with the postulate of honorable treatment of prisoners of war and an honorable method of surrender\u2026.general-admiral von friedeburg was ordered back to the negotiations with montgomery\u2026[and] to sound out eisenhower with the end in view of a further partial surrender in the west. he is above all to explain to him the reasons why a total surrender on all fronts is impossible for us\u2026.the grand admiral ordered following, without enemy pressure\u2026.suspension of u-boat warfare\u2026..incidents in norway to be avoided at all costs\u2026.release of the king of the belgians\u2026.1940 hrs. \u2026the armistice in the area of holland, friesland, schleswig and denmark is to come into effect on 5 may at 0600\u2026.daily notes 5 may 1945. 1200 hrs. general-admiral von friedeburg is to be authorized by radio to inform general eisenhower of the cessation of submarine warfare\u20261300 hrs. the expression of \u201cinclusive of ships\u201d was for montgomery a condition sine qua non. however, he left the possibility open that refugee ships might be allowed to continue. the chief skl. therefore again received explicit orders not to sink any ships (including warships)\u2026..1830 hrs. discussion of the formation of the government and cabinet.\u2026for the future, there is nothing to be seen. it all comes down to this, that we must wind up the present situation i.e. get out of the war as well as possible and create out of this the foundations for a new edifice\u2026the grand admiral formed for himself, therefore, avoiding official cabinet and appointment of ministers, a simple working cabinet\u2026..1900 hrs. the wehrwolf was forbidden, since its activities is at present a hindrance to the carrying out of political desires\u2026.daily notes 6 may 1945. 0900 hrs. eisenhower insists on immediate, simultaneous, and unconditional surrender on all fronts\u2026. okw is to guarantee the observance, under penalty of punitive measures\u2026..these conditions are unacceptable, because we cannot deliver the armies in the east to the russians. they are impracticable, because no soldier on the eastern front would obey the order to lay down his arms and remain where he is\u2026..on the other hand there remains the hopeless military situation\u2026 and the knowledge of the unavoidable military collapse in a short time even of the armies which are still intact.\u2026it was decided to explain to general eisenhower without reserve why a total surrender is impossible\u2026 col. gen. jodl is ordered to do this. 1000 hrs. news of the revolt in prague.\u2026an attempt at a political solution is thereby nullified\u2026 move the greatest possible number of german soldiers as far as possible to the west\u2026.1320 hrs. discussion of the tasks of the government. fundamental: hold back! don\u2019t stick our necks out, don\u2019t be pushy, preserve honor and dignity. 1700 hrs. dismissal of the reichsfuhrer ss. the grand admiral\u2026 considers that herewith all relationship between him [himmler] and the present government is dissolved. \u20262000 hrs. according to foreign news, parts of the 9th army\u2026 and the largest part of the 12th army have fought back towards the west and given up to the americans\u2026.daily notes 7 may 1945. 0015 hrs. reception of radio despatch from col. gen. jodl\u2026. \u201cgeneral eisenhower insists that we sign today. otherwise the allied fronts will be closed to those people who try to give themselves up individually, and all negotiations will be broken off\u2026 i see no alternative other than chaos or signature\u2026.considerations: the position of eisenhower is an absolute extortion..\u2026jodl, who took the strongest position\u2026 must now have very good reasons if he thinks it\u2019s the only way out\u2026.with the date established as 9 may 1945 at 0000 hrs 48 hours time is won, which renders possible the rescue of at least a large part of the eastern forces\u2026.the grand admiral granted therefore the full power to sign. 1055 hrs. receipt of the conditions of surrender from co. gen. jodl. the following points previously considered objectionable stand out conspicuously: simultaneously to the eastern and western enemy\u2026.all theatres of war including norway\u2026.at the coming into effect, all troops are to \u201cstand down\u201d. 1445 hrs. \u2026proclaimed the armistice to the german people\u20261600 hrs. the return of jodl.. the inflexible, very rugged attitude of eisenhower. his extortion through a threat to close borders\u2026to subject the still unoccupied portions of north germany to bombing terror\u2026the general impression after the foregoing was that \u201cthere was no other way out.\u201ddaily notes. 8 may 1945. in the course of the previous evening and of this morning the grand admiral spoke with the foreign minister\u2026the führer died on 30 april. his death was the last service to his people\u2026. he sacrificed himself in order to clear the way for another to end the war. this was the spirit of his testament to the grand admiral. with the signing of the surrender this testament is fulfilled\u2026 now the government has no further possibility of activity. the land is completely occupied. the enemy rules\u2026.is it not proper in these circumstances to retire voluntarily?....reasons for retirement\u2026 the commission to \u201cend the war\u201d had been fulfilled\u2026germany is entirely occupied\u2026 the de facto government has run its course\u2026 for the most part the people are indifferent to these questions. they are glad that the war is over and are worried about the future only out of purely personal considerations\u2026 personal and national honor demand a dignified exit\u2026..reasons against retirement\u2026 national opinion\u2026 a focal point must remain\u2026the government must share the fate of the people\u2026 the person of the grand admiral is to many a guarantee of order\u2026 the possibility that the enemy himself is interested in retaining the government\u2026..from weighing the pro and cons\u2026 since a solution by force majeure is possible through churchill\u2019s announced speech at 1500 this afternoon\u2026 the grand admiral decided\u2026 ahead of time on the occasion of announcing to the german people and to the world at large the unconditional surrender\u2026.1230 speech of the grand admiral over the flensburg radio\u2026.1630 hrs \u2026churchill\u2019s speech was very short and temperate. he didn\u2019t mention the present government. therefore the decision as to whether or not to remain is postponed\u2026.daily notes. 9 may 1945\u2026..1200 hrs \u2026discussion of questions concerning the government. the foundations for the further existence of the german volk is the volksgemeinschaft which national socialism created\u2026..1815 hrs \u2026the following impression been received from the various reports of the signature of the surrender of berlin\u2026 berlin is a field of ruins on an unprecedented scale\u2026 co-operation amongst allies is moderate\u2026 russian measures towards the civilian population are seemingly moderate and temperate. there must be an ulterior motive\u2026 in the west\u2026 hunger and chaos threaten because of over-population, the best nourishing ground for communism. it can be only of advantage for stalin to make the most of this condition\u2026..daily notes. 10 may 1945. 0945 hrs \u2026the conditions of surrender provide for the giving up of public paper and documents\u2026 of all important things duplicates for own purposes are to be held\u2026..recently the efforts of members of the ss to take a hand in naval affairs have increased. the c. in c. navy (doenitz) has so far refused this\u2026 okw shall order similar measures uniformly for all three armed services\u2026.\u2026the occupying power has ordered the removal of the national emblem. the grand admiral does not intend to order its abolition now\u20261245 hrs. award of oak leave to col. gen. jodl\u2026.1300 hrs. field marshal schorner... reported that on account of the revolt in bohemia and consequent breakdown of all communications\u2026 the danger exists that individual units have not received the order which has been issued\u2026 furthermore eisenhower was advised about the communications situation in bohemia\u2026.afternoon. no events\u2026.daily notes. 11 may 1945. 1000 hrs. text of memorandum to the enemy powers.\u2026the enemy has planned only a military administration in the various zones of occupation. but the solution of the problem is impossible with exhaustive technical knowledge of a super-zonal point of view\u2026. the grand admiral has therefore ordered to be explained in the shape of a memorandum\u2026 the great dangers for the german people\u20261200 hrs. in recent days the news has increased of unendurable conditions and illegal events in the concentration camps\u2026 since the people nor the wehrmacht know of these conditions, it become imperative in these circumstances to make this distinction publicly clear.\u2026the commander in norway reported the order of the occupying power that individual troops, waffen-ss, and civilian personnel (party) are to be arrested\u2026 contrary to the conditions of the surrender\u2026.the waffen-ss as a part of the wehrmacht is henceforth disassociated from it\u2026 with the remaining formations of the ss and sd, the wehrmacht has nothing to do and is thus now in no sense responsible for them\u2026.daily notes 12 may 1945. 1630 hrs. \u2026it is unknown whether the order for the cessation of u-boat warfare has been received\u2026the enemy powers have been advised of this several times\u2026..a considerable number of german scientists and research workers have received from the enemy profitable offers\u2026 the answer: the placing of german scientists in one or another of the enemy camps is politic in the highest degree....1700 hrs. \u2026the occupying power has forbidden the flying of the swastika flag\u2026in individual places, enemy nationals have taken down or displaced pictures of the führer. the question arises as to whether we should remove them generally through our own preventive command\u2026..in the last days of the battle of berlin, the chief of the hpa was no longer able entirely to direct promotions and decorations\u2026 the führer granted suitable authority to subordinate commands. this has now at the time of collapse led to a wild promotion and decoration spree\u2026 such practices prohibited from 11 may\u20261800 hrs\u2026the german wehrmacht has sworn an oath to the führer... the grand admiral could no more break his oath to the german soldiers, than any soldier could break his to him.\u2026they do not seem to be willing to grant any leeway at all to him and his government as head of state. this, however, does not release the government from the responsibility of helping the german people in any way it can\u2026daily notes 13 may 1945. 1100 hrs. general rooks, head of the supervisory commission at okw, \u201crequests\u201d the presence of the grand admiral aboard the patria at 1200\u2026..1200 hrs. notification that rooks has ordered the arrest of field marshal keitel\u2026..1230 hrs. field marshal keitel arrested by rooks aboard patria. daily notes. 14 may 1945. 0100 hrs. report of the shooting of captain lüth by his own sentry in the grounds of the navy school in tragic circumstances\u2026.1200 hrs. \u2026the question of pictures of the führer. the grand admiral decided that they are to be removed in rooms where official communication with members of the occupying power take place\u2026.1245 hrs. \u2026food stocks\u2026 liaison with all subordinate offices of the ministry of food is necessary. the grand admiral stressed in the discussion that there is no time to be lost, since from experience, help from overseas would come very late\u2026.1740 hrs. \u2026minutes of jodl\u2019s conversation with maj. gen rooks\u2026 since orders and decorations stand under the protection of international law, he will in no circumstances agree to their confiscation. daily notes. 14 may 1945. 1000 hrs. minister backe is to fly immediately to eisenhower\u2019s headquarters as expert on food questions\u2026.1700 hrs. \u2026the following rules for the conduct of the officers\u2026 surrender was inevitable and should be loyally carried out\u2026 shameful commands (for example taking off of medals) will not be obeyed\u2026 to be proud of the performances of the wehrmacht and the people during the war\u2026 avoidance of loose talk. daily notes. 16 may 1945. 1715 hrs. the development of the situation in germany\u2026 is currently a circumstance of the greatest anxiety\u2026the grand admiral decided to receive the british reporter ward in order to explain the situation frankly to him, and perhaps thus to find a \u201cbridge\u201d to getting in touch with the competent authorities\u2026.1730 hrs. \u2026reports and currently mounting propaganda concerning the conditions in the german concentration camps render a public clarification essential\u2026 the wehrmacht nor the german people had any knowledge of these things and that they were concealed from them in every way\u2026daily notes 17 may 1945. 1230 hrs. the governing body of the german red cross which has its last location in flensburg is no longer capable of activity, since almost all its leading members are arrested by the occupying powers because they belong to the ss\u2026..1830 hrs. mr. ward, a reporter, from the bbc\u2026the grand admiral explained frankly the current situation and problems, the psychological errors of the anglo-saxons\u20261900 hrs. busch reported concerning his work with montgomery, which in distinction from the first negotiations are now exorbitantly bad and dishonourable\u2026 by their measure, the english have practically abolished public life. instead of rebuilding, they are retarding. they work slowly, bureaucratically and little\u2026.every man is thoroughly convinced that he would be sated by good treatment in the east, but that in the west he would starve and be treated like a hottentot\u2026.the taking off of orders and of the national emblem\u2026 busch\u2026 recommended taking off the national emblem and the german cross. he proposed the transformation of the german cross into the knights cross. the grand admiral withheld his position\u2026.2000 hrs. the russian control commission arrived at okw. the head of it is generalmajor trussow\u2026.translation of enclosure (b). 20 may 1945\u2026.negotiations of col. gen jodl before general rooks\u2026.national emblem, cockades, and any insignia or mark of distinction of national socialist origin may not be worn\u2026 orders and medals for service and length of service may be worn, provided that all national socialist symbols, as for example, the swastika be obliterated or removed\u2026the grand admiral requested that the carrying out of this order be set aside. his reasoning\u2026 the national emblem lies under no legal protection. only the swastika is a national socialist symbol, not the german eagle\u2026 the german wehrmacht is a prisoner of war\u2026 the agreement on prisoners of war of 27 july 1929\u2026 article 6: \u201cpersonal identification, insignia of rank, insignia of distinction and circumstances of dignity may not be taken from prisoners of war.\u201d\u2026since there will be no more soldiers in germany in the future, the medals won\u2019t be worn any more anyway\u2026 every respectable german front soldier will feel only scorn for the german superior who would issue such a shameful order\u2026 discipline will be destroyed\u2026.maj. gen. rooks took cognizance\u2026 the geneva convention on prisoners of war, which col. gen. jodl had quoted held only for states which were waging war, and not for an army that had surrendered\u2026it is the politics of the allies to root out everything national socialistic\u2026 as far as\u2026 rebellion is concerned, the german side must be clear that the allies using all their resources would beat it down\u2026.col. gen. jodl: \u2026furthermore the russians have in no way taken any orders off\u2026 however, that a way could be found concerning the setting aside of the swastika from the orders and insignia of honor\u2026.21 may 1945. minutes of a conference among col. gen jodl\u2026. with usa major general rooks\u2026maj. gen. rooks confirmed\u2026 allied officers on duty are to be saluted, otherwise not. a similar order has been given to the okw\u2026..radio statement on the instruction to move german troops out of the northern area of belgium, france and holland\u2026.col. gen. j.: according to our knowledge, the allies in the west now have about 1 ½ million german prisoners of war\u2026 it would be better to put these to work instead of taking german troops first to germany where they hoped to be demobilized, and then sending them out again\u2026.maj. gen r brought up the question of the radio and the press\u2026.neither in england nor in america is there a controlled press or radio. in the occupied areas, there is censorship only of strictly military matters; thus any writer or radio can say what he likes particularly in the political sphere\u2026..translation of enclosure (c) 19 may 1945 \u2026subj.: geneva prisoner of war and wounded convention of 1929 and hague rules for land warfare of 1907\u2026..\u2026the unconditionalness of the military surrender means, as has been previously laid down, juristically speaking, only that the insistence of the enemy on full disarmament, etc., must be undertaken without contradiction or reservation. as for the rest, the enemy has relative to the geneva and hague conventions no further reaching rights than those\u2026 in regards to article 5 of the convention on prisoners of war, according to which prisoners have the duty upon questioning to reveal only their true names, ranks and numbers\u2026 the obligation of secrecy does not stand any longer on account of the unconditional surrender\u2026 prisoners can incur punishment\u2026 if they give no answer or an incorrect answer if they are questioned regarding their membership of the nsdap\u2026.since the war from the german side was conducted according to repeated declarations of the former german authorities as a battle of \u201cweltanschauugen\u201d, the allies must be presumed to have the authority\u2026 to examine all germans whether they are or not to be employed as public functionaries in the administration of the occupied area\u2026\u2019 each page bears the red stamped words top secret at the head and with two file holes to the head of each page, some small tears, creasing, light age wear and small areas of paper loss to the head of most pages, generally ga vitally important document detailing the very final stages of the third reichwalter ludde-neurath (1914-  ) german kriegsmarine officer of world war ii, personal adjutant to grand admiral karl doenitz from 1944-45. the present lot is accompanied by a copy of a t.l.s. by ludde-neurath, one page, 4to, garmisch-partenkirchen, 13th november 1980, in german. writing in response to having been sent a copy of the present document, ludde-neurath replied \u2018i naturally find it extremely interesting that a carbon copy of my daily notes has suddenly appeared. as far as my recollection goes i had only two originals produced and only the one carbon copy. it is evidently this latter one which has now been offered to you\u2019. ludde-neurath used his daily notes as the basis for his book unconditional surrender \u2013 a memoir of the last days of the third reich and the donitz administration (2010) being the english translation of regierung donitz: die letzen tage des dritten reiches originally published in 1950.provenance: the present document was previously the property of major general sir kenneth strong, general eisenhower\u2019s chief of intelligence, and produced for his own personal evaluation of the workings of the flensburg government.the flensburg government, was the short-lived administration that attempted to rule nazi germany during a period of several weeks surrounding the end of world war ii and formed following the suicide of adolf hitler. karl doenitz was named as his successor. the administration was referred to as the \u201cflensburg government\u201d because doenitz\u2019 headquarters was located in the city of flensburg in northern germany. during his brief period in office doenitz devoted most of his efforts to ensuring the loyalty of the german armed forces and trying to ensure german troops would surrender to the british or americans and not the russians, as he feared soviet reprisals. former armaments minister albert speer suggested that after the surrender the flensburg government should dissolve itself. instead doenitz and his ministers chose to continue in hope of presiding over post-war germany as a provisional government. the speech by winston churchill announcing victory to the british people is evidence of de facto recognition of the flensburg government\u2019s authority, at least up to the moment of the unconditional surrender, since churchill specified that the surrender had been authorised by \u201cgrand admiral doenitz, the designated head of the german state\u201d. after the unconditional surrender, the flensburg government was not recognised by the allies. the soviet government made it clear what it thought about the flensburg government, calling it the \u201cdoenitz gang\u201d. pravda wrote: \u2018discussions of the status of the fascist gang around doenitz continue. several prominent allied circles will deem it necessary to make use of the \u201cservices\u201d of doenitz and his collaborators\u2026a reporter of the reactionary hearst press has called the enlistment of doenitz \u201can act of political sagacity.\u201d thus a fascist scribbler has seen fit to make common cause with hitler\u2019s marauding disciple. \u2018on 23rd may a british officer went to doenitz\u2019s headquarters and asked to speak to the members of the government. doenitz, von friedeburg and jodl were then taken aboard the patria, where maj. gen. rooks informed them of the dissolution of the government and their arrest. with the arrest of the flensburg government on 23rd may 1945, the german high command also ceased to exist, and no central authority was kept in place to govern germany. ultimately, the third reich was terminated on 5 june 1945. therefore, from 5th june 1945, germany did not possess a native government. during the initial stage of the occupation of germany, supreme authority was discharged by the four powers jointly for all occupation zones via the allied control council."},"estimateMax":12000,"lotNumber":"147","title":{"es":"flensburg government:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111427/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":8000,"soldPrice":7500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.667Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£8,000 - £12,000","currency":"GBP","id":111427,"estimateMin":8000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111428/1/1.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an historically important top secret cipher message issued at the end of world war ii announcing the arrest of dönitz and the end of the flensberg government.karl dönitz (1891-1980) german admiral who played a major role in the naval history of world war ii. dönitz succeeded adolf hitler as the reichspräsident of the 'flensberg government' (2nd may - 23rd may 1945).okw - the oberkommando der wehrmacht ('supreme command of the armed forces') was part of the command structure of the wehrmacht (armed forces) of germany during world war ii. created in 1938, the okw had nominal oversight over the german army, the kriegsmarine (german navy) and the luftwaffe (german air force).shaef (supreme headquarters allied expeditionary force) - the headquarters of american general dwight d. eisenhower, commander of allied forces in north west europe, from late 1943 until the end of world war ii.eisenhower ordered general rooks, g-3 of shaef, to establish the shaef control party at flensburg. its purpose was to impose the will of the supreme commander on okw in the areas of germany occupied by the western allies. general rooks issued the orders, supervised their transmission through german command channels, and compiled information about the german command system through the collection and safeguarding of all okw documents at fiensburg.camp ashcan - the central continental prisoner of war enclosure no. 32, code-named ashcan, an allied prisoner-of-war camp in the palace hotel of mondorf-les-bains in luxembourg during world war ii. operating from may to august 1945, it served as a processing station and interrogation centre for the 86 most prominent surviving nazi leaders prior to their trial in nuremberg, including hermann göring and karl dönitz.on the morning of 23 may 1945, general rooks summoned dönitz, jodl, and von friedeburg to the liner patria. here they were greeted by a large crowd of press reporters, alerted by speculation of a control party action and shaef correspondents leaving from paris. on entering the ships' conference room, they found general rooks who informed them that they had been summoned on instructions from general eisenhower, who in agreement with the soviet high command, had decided the acting german government and okw should be arrested. this officially ended the 'flensburg government'. now as prisoners of war, and under guard, they were told to pack and were escorted to an awaiting aircraft. when asked by rooks if he had any statement to make, dönitz replied 'any word would be superfluous'. meanwhile, members of the government, unaware of the proceedings on the patria, had gathered for their daily conference. fully armed british soldiers burst into the room shouting 'hands up'. all the germans were then strip searched for concealed weapons and documents. the arrests were intended to make the headlines, with over sixty reporters invited to record the scenes. in the new york times of the 24th may, drew middleton wrote 'the third reich died today'. the american diplomat robert murphy summed it up as thus, 'after the arrest of grand admiral dönitz and his associates, not even a remnant remained of any german government. the conquerors of the nazis were in complete control and the administration of germany was their responsibility.' that struggle was about to begin."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"148","title":{"es":"world war ii: an historically important original cipher message, one page, 4to, n.p., (headquarters, british main second army), n.d. (may 1945). the purple ink telex document, marked topsec (top secret) and signed in facsimile by an unidentified major general, acting chief of staff, was sent to main 8 corps and states, in part, 'members of the so called german government of admiral donitz and of okw at flensburg will now be arrested by you as quickly as possible after consultation with head of shaef control party okw\u2026nominations of personnel to be arrested will be made by shaef control party okw (.) total numbers of personnel for disposal are estimated to amount approximately to 470 off[ice]rs and 2400 or (.) all arrested personnel should be held in a separate camp until such time as orders for their final disposal are issued by this hq\u2026.certain special personnel nominated by shaef control party okw estimated to number not more than 30 will be conducted to main hq second army for fwd transmission to ashcan\u2026.okw personnel will not be arrested as yet(.)\u2026.archives at flensberg will be seized and secured by you with a view to shaef intelligence exploitation(.) they will be disposed of as directed by the shaef control party(.)\u2026.treat as very urgent and report on progress of arrests as plans develop'. with various instructions at the base noting that the message is a priority and most immediate and is not to be signalled. a couple of pencil annotations appear at the head and the foot of the page. two file holes to the left edge and with some light overall creasing, about vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111428/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.670Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111428,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111429/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent, large signed sepia 9.5 x 13.5 photograph of churchill in a head and shoulders pose wearing a polkadot bowtie. photograph by harris and ewing of washington. signed ('winston s. churchill') to the lower border immediately beneath the image. an unusual image to find signed by churchill. some very light, extremely minor age wear to the edges, otherwise vgfrom churchill's appearance, and the photographers being based in washington, it is likely that this photograph was captured while churchill was in the american capital in march 1946. having failed to be re-elected as britain's prime minister after the end of world war ii, churchill met with american president harry s. truman in washington before travelling to fulton, missouri, on 5th march 1946. in the president's home town, churchill delivered his famous \"iron curtain\" speech to 40,000 people gathered at westminster college. the speech, entitled the sinews of peace changed the way that the democratic west viewed the communist east and, as result of his use of the term iron curtain, the phrase became popularly recognized as the division of europe between east and west. many historians believe churchill's iron curtain speech marked the beginning of the cold war.churchill was voted the greatest briton of all in a bbc poll of 2002 and time magazine declared churchill as one of the most influential leaders in history in 2007."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"149","title":{"es":"churchill winston s.: (1874-1965) british prime minister 1940-45, 1951-55. nobel prize winner for literature, 1953."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111429/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.672Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111429,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111430/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a very fine vintage signed 12.5 x 16.5 photograph, the image depicting the king in a half length pose wearing his military uniform. photograph by hugh cecil and signed by him in pencil to the lower white border. signed ('george r') by the king in bold fountain pen ink to the lower white border and dated 1948 in his hand. attractively matted in cream with a gold coloured border and framed and glazed in a gold coloured wooden frame to an overall size of 21 x 25.5. vgfollowing the abdication of his elder brother, king edward viii, in 1936, king george vi became king of the united kingdom, reigning from december 1936 until his death in february 1952. he was the last emperor of india and the first head of the commonwealth. from 1939, the empire and commonwealth (except ireland) was at war with nazi germany, and war with italy and japan followed in 1940 and 1941 respectively. although britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the united states and the soviet union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the british empire declined. the king's accession had come at a time when public faith in the monarchy was at a low ebb, however as a dutiful family man and by showing personal courage, he succeeded in restoring the popularity of the monarchy."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"150","title":{"es":"george vi: (1895-1952) king of the united kingdom 1936-52."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111430/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":520,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.673Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111430,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111431/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an exceptional vintage signed and inscribed 7 x 9 photograph of picasso standing outdoors in a half length pose wearing an overcoat, scarf and with a plain dark beret upon his head. in one hand he holds a lit cigarette. signed in bold, dark fountain pen ink at the head of the image, 'para jaime sabartes, esta fotografia hecha en tolosa en donde estuviamos juntos este invierno, picasso' and dated 1946 in his hand. a very fine signed portrait with an excellent association. lightly mounted and professionally and handsomely matted in white and framed and glazed in a plain, light coloured wooden frame to an overall size of 20.5 x 24.5. vgjaime sabartes (1881-1968) catalan spanish artist, poet and writer. sabartes was a close personal friend of picasso whom he first met in 1899 (the same year in which picasso painted his first portrait of sabartes). in 1935 sabartes became picasso's secretary and administrator, organising his papers, books and poems, as well as taking responsibility for arranging exhibitions. sabartes collected a great many works by picasso which he donated to the museu picasso in barcelona in 1963 forming the core of this gallery which was initially known as the sabartes collection. his books and papers were donated to the museo picasso in málaga. the inscription on the present photograph translates as 'for jaime sabartes, this photograph was made in tolosa where we were together this winter, picasso'.picasso demonstrated extraordinary artistic talent in his early years and went on to create art in a variety of mediums (paintings, sculptures, ceramics) and also worked as a stage designer, poet and playwright. one of the greatest and most influential artists of the 20th century, he is remembered for co-founding the cubist movement."},"estimateMax":3500,"lotNumber":"151","title":{"es":"picasso pablo: (1881-1973) spanish painter, a co-founder of the cubist movement."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111431/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2500,"soldPrice":3800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:38.675Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,500 - £3,500","currency":"GBP","id":111431,"estimateMin":2500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111432/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., marcel, one page, 4to, n.p., 25th october 1947, to [charles r.] hulbeck (richard huelsenbeck). duchamp informs his friend that `the pictures are not back and i am afraid won´t be back for some months', continuing to explain 'schweizer, the representative here, is in france and is coming back in a few weeks or days. he will have exact information about the return of the shipment. don´t worry'. a letter of interesting association. the upper edge of the letter is very slightly irregularly trimmed, otherwise vgrichard huelsenbeck (1892-1974) german psychoanalyst, poet, writer & drummer, founder of the berlin dada group. huelsenbeck was continually investigated by the nazi authorities from 1933, although managed to emigrate to the united states in 1936. once there he changed his name to charles r. hulbeck and practiced medicine and psychoanalysis in long island, new york. huelsenbeck's autobiography, memoirs of a dada drummer, gives detailed accounts of his interactions with many key figures of the movement, including duchamp.duchamp's work is associated with cubism, conceptual art and dada and the artist is considered by many critics to be one of the most important artists of the 20th century. he advised modern art collectors and other prominent figures, thereby helping to shape the tastes of western art and challenged conventional thought about artistic processes and rejected the emerging art market. duchamp famously dubbed a urinal art and named it fountain, however he produced relatively few artworks while remaining mostly aloof of the avant-garde circles of his time. duchamp went on to pretend to abandon art and devote the rest of his life to chess, whilst secretly continuing to make art."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"152","title":{"es":"duchamp marcel: (1887-1968) french-born american painter, writer and chess player."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111432/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":2500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.673Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111432,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111433/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., with his initials, + a.[ngelo] j.[oseph] r.[oncalli], as apostolic nuncio, one page, 4to, paris, 11th january 1949, to general charles de gaulle, in french. the carbon typed letter is roncalli's retained copy in which he sends new years greetings to de gaulle, stating 'the succession of years and events does not detract from the tranquil and serene vision of your honourable person before my eyes and heart', further sending his best wishes to de gaulle and his family, concluding 'i associate them with those i entrust to our good god for the prosperity of france'. a letter of good association. some extremely light, very minor age wear, vgcharles de gaulle (1890-1970) french general of world war ii. later president of the french republic 1959-69.cardinal roncalli served as apostolic nuncio to france from 1944-53 and was unexpectedly elected pope in 1958 (not least to roncalli himself, who had come to rome with a return tricket to venice). he was the first pope to take the pontificial name of john upon election in more than 500 years. pope john xxiii called the historic second vatican council (1962-65) and his passionate views on equality were summed up in his famous statement 'we were all made in god's image, and thus, we are all godly alike'. known in italy as 'il papa buono', the pope of the children, john xxiii made many passionate speeches during his pontificate, one of which was on the day that he opened the second vatican council in the middle of the night to the crowd gathered in st. peter's square, 'dear children, returning home, you will find children: give your children a hug and say: this is a hug from the pope!'"},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"153","title":{"es":"john xxiii: (1881-1963) pope of the roman catholic church 1958-63."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111433/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.675Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £900","currency":"GBP","id":111433,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111434/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., alexander fleming, one page, 8vo, london, 23rd november 1950, to dr. i geikie-cobb, on the printed stationery of the wright-fleming institute of microbiology, st. mary´s hospital medical school, paddington. fleming states in full `i return manuscript and proofs, also new manuscript which incorporates the bottom of the penultimate page and the whole of the last page of the proofs. i hope i have not put in too much new stuff, but it was necessary. ´ some slight creasing to the lower left corner, not affecting the text or signature, otherwise vgdr. ivor geikie cobb - expert physician and authorthe manuscript fleming refers to corresponds to an article about antibiotics which would be included among others in a medical guide published by geikie cobb.fleming's best known discoveries are the enzyme lysozyme in 1923 and the world's first antibiotic substance benzylpenicillin (penicillin g) from the mould penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the nobel prize in physiology or medicine (1945). fleming, as the current letter illustrates, wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology and chemotherapy. in 2002 he was named among the bbc's list of the 100 greatest britons and fleming was also named in time magazine's list of the 100 most important people of the 20th century. fleming's discovery of penicillin would change the course of history; by introducing the age of useful antibiotics, penicillin has conquered some of mankind's most ancient scourges, including syphilis, gangrene and tuberculosis, and has saved, and is still saving, millions of people around the world."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"154","title":{"es":"fleming alexander: (1881-1955) scottish biologist, nobel prize winner for physiology or medicine, 1945."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111434/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.677Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111434,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111435/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111435/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., a f blunt, two pages, 8vo, portman square, london, 7th july n.y. (1950s), to a gentleman, evidently a publisher, on the printed stationery of the university of london, courtauld institute of art. blunt apologises for not having answered his correspondent's letter earlier and also for not acknowledging receipt of dr. friedlaender's book which he had kindly sent, further commenting 'i am rather out of touch with journalism now, but i tried to review the book for the observer & the spectator. unfortunately, it had in both cases been given to another reviewer. i am sorry not to have been able to review it, as i read it with very great interest. it is a great achievement to have produced it in the present difficult circumstances'. annotated in ink in another hand beneath the signature and at the head of the first page. with two file holes to the left edge, not affecting the text or signature, vgwalter friedlaender (1873-1966) german art historian who published three works during the 1950s; david to delacroix (1952), caravaggio studies (1955) and mannerism and anti-mannerism in italian painting (1957).in 1964, after being offered immunity from prosecution, blunt confessed to having been a soviet spy. a member of the cambridge five, he and other spies (including kim philby and guy burgess) had been working for the soviet union from some time in the 1930s to at least the early 1950s. a closely held secret for many years, blunt's status was revealed publicly by prime minister margaret thatcher in november 1979, and he was immediately stripped of his knighthood."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"155","title":{"es":"blunt anthony: (1907-1983) british art historian and soviet spy, a member of the cambridge five."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111435/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.679Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111435,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111436/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a superb vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph by hillary, a silver gelatin print depicting the mountaineer in a rugged and windswept head and shoulders pose wearing a thick anorak, the collars turned up to protect his neck. photograph by karsh of ottawa and bearing his credit stamp to the verso. signed ('e. p. hillary') in dark fountain pen ink to the image. signed photographs of hillary of this quality are rare and desirable. about exyousuf karsh (1908-2002) armenian-canadian photographer, one of the greatest portrait photographers of the 20th century. karsh took the present image of hillary in 1960.hillary, alongside nepalese sherpa mountaineer tenzing norgay, became the first confirmed climbers to reach the summit of mount everest on 29th may 1953. the new zealander had become interested in mountaineering while in secondary school and had made his first major climb in 1939. as part of the commonwealth trans-antarctic expedition hillary reached the south pole overland in 1958 and subsequently reached the north pole, making him the first person to reach both poles and summit everest. hillary and tenzing were part of the ninth british expedition to mount everest, led by john hunt, and following his ascent of everest, hillary devoted most of his life to helping the sherpa people of nepal through the himalayan trust, which he founded. time magazine named hillary one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"156","title":{"es":"hillary edmund: (1919-2008) new zealand mountaineer, the first man, with tenzing norgay, to reach the summit of mount everest, 1953."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111436/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":500,"soldPrice":580,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.680Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£500 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111436,"estimateMin":500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111437/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent signed 8 x 10 photograph by tenzing norgay, the image depicting the mountaineer standing in a three quarter length pose with a large rucksack on his back and an ice pick in his hand, as he prepares to navigate the mountain range which can be seen in the immediate background. signed ('tenzing') in blue fountain pen ink with his name alone to a clear area of the image. signed photographs of tenzing norgay of this size and quality are rare and desirable. about exsherpa tenzing's place as one of the most famous mountain climbers in history was secured when he became one of the first two individuals known to reach the summit of mount everest (accomplished alongside edmund hillary) on 29th may 1953. time magazine named him one of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"157","title":{"es":"norgay tenzing: (1914-1986) nepalese indian sherpa mountaineer, the first man, with edmund hillary, to reach the summit of mount everest, 1953."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111437/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.681Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111437,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111438/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an interesting a.l.s., dylan thomas, one page, 8vo, boat house, laugharne, carmarthenshire, 25th august 1953, to george rogers. thomas apologises for not replying to his correspondent's letter earlier and continues to remark 'i was very interested to hear of the issue of 'les forces vive' that is to be devoted to 'les forces vives anglaises', and most grateful that you have asked me to write a short section on wales.' thomas adds 'i would of course, be only too delighted to, under ordinary circumstances, but i'm afraid i find it impossible now' explaining 'i have some urgent commissioned work to finish by the end of this month & then i am leaving for the states.' a letter of good content written just months before the poet's untimely death at the age of 39. rare. vgthe 'urgent commissioned work' thomas refers to was a final version of under milk wood, his 'play for voices', commissioned by the bbc. in may dylan, had been in america, and a stage performance of its then state took place at the poetry centre of the 'y' in new york on 14th may. thirty minutes before it started, dylan was in a locked room being forced to write the beginning and end. at the beginning of june, he began revisions for the bbc. dylan handed the manuscript to producer douglas cleverdon on 15th october, shortly before the visit to america that closed his life.the monograph les forces vives anglaises appeared in pas à pas, published by the fédération française des maisons des jeunes et de la culture, neuilly-sur-seine, nos. 50-51, janvier-février, 1955although writing exclusively in the english language, thomas has been acknowledged as one of the most important welsh poets of the 20th century. he is noted for his original, rhythmic and ingenious use of words and imagery. thomas became widely popular in his lifetime and remained so after his premature death in new york city. by then he had required a reputation, which he had encouraged, as a 'roistering, drunken and doomed poet'."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"158","title":{"es":"thomas dylan: (1914-1953) welsh poet."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111438/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.683Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111438,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111439/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"t.l.s., ian f., with holograph salutation and subscription, one page, 4to, kemsley house, london, 25th may 1955, to antony terry ('my dear tony'). fleming states that he is pleased to inform his correspondent that their salary has been increased by £1.1.0 per week and adds 'i am sorry that it is not possible for the accountants to include this increase in the salary payment which will be made to you at the end of this month, but it will be included in the june payment'. two file holes to the left edge, not affecting the text or signature, and with a few very light, extremely minor creases, otherwise vgantony terry (1913-1992) british journalist, a former european editor of the sunday times who was first hired in 1949 by fleming (at the time the foreign manager for the newspaper). terry's obituary in the independent stated that he was 'one of the paper's most valuable assets, a one-man listening post, a fastidious checker of facts, a burrower into dark corners and a traveller who never complained of fatigue'fleming, the english author, journalist and world war ii naval intelligence officer introduced the world's most famous secret service agent, james bond, to the public in his novel casino royale (1953). in april 1955, the month before the present letter was written, fleming's third 007 work, moonraker, was published. in 2008 the times ranked fleming fourteenth on its list of 'the 50 greatest british writers since 1945'."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"159","title":{"es":"fleming ian: (1908-1964) british author, creator of james bond."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111439/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.684Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111439,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111440/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111440/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an exceptional, very fine pair of vintage signed 9.5 x 12.5 photographs by emperor hirohito and empress kojun individually, the images depicting them both standing in formal three quarter length poses, the emperor wearing a suit and the empress in traditional japanese dress. signed by both with their names alone, in japanese characters, in bold, dark fountain pen inks to light areas of the images. individually framed and glazed in the original attractive sterling silver presentation frames, both featuring the imperial japanese seal at the head, to overall sizes of 12 x 15 each. both are contained in their original wooden boxes. a rare pair of signed portraits. exprovenance: the present photographs were presented to thomas clayton davis (1889-1960) canadian lawyer, judge & diplomat, while serving as the canadian ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to japan, june 1954 - march 1957.prince hirohito married his distant cousin princess nagako kuni (the future empress kojun) on 26th january 1924. empress kojun was empress consort from 1926 to 1989, making her the longest lived empress consort in japanese history.hirohito, or emperor showa as he is more commonly known in japan, began his reign whilst japan was already one of the world's great powers. he was head of state under the constitution of the empire of japan during japan's imperial expansion, militarisation and involvement in world war ii. during the post-war period hirohito became the symbol of the new state and japan's recovery, and by the end of his reign, japan had emerged as the world's second largest economy."},"estimateMax":10000,"lotNumber":"160","title":{"es":"hirohito & kojun: hirohito (1901-1989) emperor showa of japan 1926-89 & kojun (1903-2000) empress consort of emperor showa of japan."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111440/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":8000,"soldPrice":8000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.686Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£8,000 - £10,000","currency":"GBP","id":111440,"estimateMin":8000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111441/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph, the image depicting la divina in a head and shoulders pose in costume as leonora from giuseppe verdi's opera il trovatore. signed in bold, dark fountain pen ink to the image, 'to bernard baker, cordially, maria meneghini callas', and dated 1958 in her hand. the signature runs across a darker area of the image, although is perfectly legible. about exthe present image of callas was captured in 1955 and shows her in the chicago lyric opera's production of the opera il trovatore. the impresario rudolf bing recalled of callas's performance as leonora in chicago that 'it was callas's quiet listening, rather than [jussi] bjorling's singing that made the dramatic impact\u2026.he didn't know what he was singing, but she knew'.maria callas led a life full of drama and personal tragedy, however her artistic achievement and enduring influence were such that leonard bernstein described her as 'the bible of opera' and the singer still remains the definition of the diva as artist."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"161","title":{"es":"callas maria: (1923-1977) american-born greek soprano."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111441/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":500,"soldPrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:36.687Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£500 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111441,"estimateMin":500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111442/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an unusual, unbranded, pendant ink pen apparently used by chaplin to write his memoirs my autobiography (1964). the cartridge pen measures 5.5\" in length and is made of plain black ebonite with a part stainless steel barrel, and stainless steel nib, fitting securely into a plain black ebonite pendant cap. the pen is loosely attached via a red ribbon lanyard to a printed visiting card bearing two addresses in switzerland and with a brief printed auction catalogue description (in french) neatly pasted to the centre, stating, in part, 'un stylo plume pendentif en ebonite. utilise par chaplin pour de la redaction de sa biographie, publiee en 1964.' some very minor signs of age wear, otherwise vgseptember 1964 saw the release of chaplin's memoirs, my autobiography, which he had been working on since 1957. the 500-page book, which focused on his early years and personal life, became a worldwide best-seller, despite criticism over the lack of information on his film career. along with chaplin: his life and art, it provided the source material for the 1992 feature film chaplin.following chaplin's rise to fame during the silent film era, the comic actor became a worldwide icon and is considered one of the most important figures in the history of cinema. (see also lot 110)"},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"162","title":{"es":"[chaplin charles]: (1889-1977) english film comedian, academy award winner."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111442/view","tags":["esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","escollectibles_writinginstrumentsdeskaccessories","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":450,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.300Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111442,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111443/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good vintage signed and inscribed 8 x 10 photograph, the engaging image depicting monty in a formal half length pose wearing his uniform. the official supreme headquarters allied powers europe (shape) image is by private d. moller of the us army and dates from 19th march 1956 according to the official nato credit stamp to the verso. signed by montgomery in bold turquoise fountain pen ink to a light area of the background, 'to: the stewart family in memory of my visit to pekin in may 1960. montgomery of alamein'. some minor corner creasing and a very small tear to the upper white border, about vgmichael stewart - british diplomat who served as charge d'affaires at the british embassy in peking 1959-62 and later as the british ambassador in athens 1967-71.montgomery served as the first deputy supreme allied commander europe (deputy saceur) from 1951-58 and after a visit to china declared himself impressed by the chinese leadership.montgomery is regarded as britain's greatest military commander since the duke of wellington. one of the most prominent and successful british commanders of the second world war, montgomery is most famous for his successful command of the allies against german erwin rommel in the western desert campaign in north africa, and his role commanding in the invasions of italy and normandy."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"163","title":{"es":"montgomery b. l.: (1887-1976) british field marshal of world war ii."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111443/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.302Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111443,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111444/5/5.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111444/6/6.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"alexander pushkin (1799-1837) russian poet, playwright & novelist of the romantic era. considered by many to be russia's greatest poet and the founder of modern russian literature.cocteau's artistic talents encompassed many fields as a successful writer, playwright, designer, artist and filmmaker. he is most remembered for his novel les enfants terribles (1929) and the films beauty and the beast (1946) and orpheus (1949). his large circle of friends (and lovers) included many contemporary luminaries such as pablo picasso, marlene dietrich, erik satie, coco chanel, igor stravinsky, edith piaf and colette."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"164","title":{"es":"cocteau jean: (1889-1963) french writer, playwright and filmmaker. an excellent autograph statement signed, jean cocteau, one page, 4to, st. jean cap-ferrat, n.d. (1962), in french. cocteau's statement was evidently written for publication and relates to the russian poet alexander pushkin, stating, in part, 'pouchkine has possessed, more than any other poet has, the privilege of pretending to die. the bullet which killed him also granted him everlasting life on earth and in heaven\u2026with a supreme elegance, his work, untranslatable because of its singularity, fluently crosses a plural world which considers more and more the genius as a privilege of the aristocracy\u2026with pouchkine the great lord and the common man unite and compose the specific phenomenon to overcome the world´s discords. he reigns over the noble souls whoever they belong to.´ cocteau has also added a note which he circles in the left margin, and signs with his initials jc, requesting that his handwriting is not reproduced. matted in purple alongside an unsigned 6.5 x 9.5 photograph of cocteau standing in a full length pose alongside russian ballet impresario sergei diaghilev's tomb at the isola di san michele in venice and framed and glazed in a decorative gold coloured wooden frame to an overall size of 23 x 17. vg"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111444/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.303Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111444,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111445/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111445/8/8.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent vintage set of signatures by all four members of the english rock band of the 1960s individually, comprising john lennon, paul mccartney, george harrison and ringo starr, on a page contained in an autograph album. neatly annotated in a small hand in red ink by the collector at the head of the page, 'thursday nov. 21st 1963'. each of the fab four have signed the page in bold blue inks (lennon signing in black fountain pen ink, with a couple of extremely light, minor smudges to a couple of letters). the album also includes signatures of peter jay (of peter jay and the jaywalkers), the brook brothers (geoff and ricky individually) as well as a number of friends and relatives of the collector. a small oblong 12mo section of the head of the page signed by the beatles has been neatly clipped away, otherwise vgprovenance: the signatures of the beatles contained in the present album were obtained by a friend of the vendor, a young female fan of the band who had won a competition to meet the beatles following their performance at the abc cinema in carlisle on 21st november 1963.the beatles are recognised as the best-selling band in history and the band were collectively included in time magazine's compilation of the 20th century's 100 most influential people. they are recognised as the foremost and most influential musical act of the rock era."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"165","title":{"es":"beatles the:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111445/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":4200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.305Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111445,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111446/7/7.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111446/8/8.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"lincoln evelyn (1909-1995) american personal secretary to john f. kennedy from 1953-63.t.l.s. evelyn lincoln (in autopen), one page, 8vo, washington, 22nd november 1963, to terence j. dodson, on the printed stationery of the white house. lincoln thanks her correspondent for his letter and continues, 'in response to your request, the envelopes enclosed were signed for teoman sirri. they are returned with the president's best wishes to you both'. together with a second t.l.s., evelyn lincoln, one page, 8vo, washington, 22nd june 1964, also to terence j. dodson, on the printed stationery of the white house. lincoln states that president [lyndon b.] johnson's personal secretary, mrs. juanita roberts, has passed dodson's letter and enclosure to her, and continues to comment 'much as i would like to be helpful, i regret that because of the lapse of time it is not possible for me to say whether or not the letter to you dated november 22, 1963, is the last one i wrote on behalf of president kennedy'. a rare and significant pair of letters. vg to about ex, 2autograph material of any description relating to john f. kennedy and dated on the day of his assassination is of the utmost rarity and desirability.kennedy served as the 35th president of the united states from 1961-63 and his term in office oversaw the cuban missile crisis, the bay of pigs invasion, the nuclear test ban treaty, developments in the space race, the building of the berlin wall and the civil rights movement.kennedy was assassinated in dallas, texas, on 22nd november 1963, the exact date on which the first of the letters offered here was written. evelyn lincoln was in the motorcade at the time of the assassination, explaining why the letter bears her autopen signature. the assassination had an impact on many people, not only in america, but around the world. many vividly remember where they were when first learning of the news that jfk had been killed.kennedy continues to rank highly in historian's polls of united states presidents and with the general public, and his death, coupled with the ensuing confusion regarding the facts of his assassination, was of political and historical importance for they signified a turning point and decline in the faith of the american people in the political establishment."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"166","title":{"es":"[kennedy john f.]: (1917-1963) american president 1961-63."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111446/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.307Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111446,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111447/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a fine a.l.s., marc chagall, in yiddish, one page, 12mo, paris, 1965, to h. adam, in yiddish. chagall thanks his correspondent for their sympathy and for `your fair article published in the magazine 'jewish culture'´, further adding `i appreciate your interest, and how much you heed on art. i see with pleasure that 'art culture' enables the artist to bring out his inner feelings.´ accompanied by the original envelope hand addressed by chagall and signed ('chagall') by him in the return address to the verso. vgan early modernist, chagall was associated with several major artistic styles and created works in virtually every artistic medium ranging from paintings to book illustrations and from stained glass to stage sets. described as 'the quintessential jewish artist of the 20th century' (although chagall himself saw his work as 'not the dream of one people but of all humanity) the artist had two basic reputations, as a pioneer of modernism and as a major jewish artist. in the 1950s pablo picasso remarked 'when matisse dies, chagall will be the only painter left who understands what colour really is'."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"167","title":{"es":"chagall marc: (1887-1985) russian-born french artist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111447/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":420,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.308Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111447,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111448/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent vintage signed colour 7 x 9.5 photograph by pope paul vi, the image depicting the pope in a formal half length pose, wearing his red pontifical habit. photograph by felici of rome and bearing their stamp to the lower right corner of the image. signed ('paulus p p. vi') by the pope in bold black fountain pen ink to the lower photographer's mount and dated 12th march 1966 in his hand. with the papal blind embossed seal alongside his signature. neatly mounted, vgupon his election to the papacy, cardinal montini took the pontifical name paul vi to indicate a renewed worldwide mission to spread the message of christ, following the example of apostle st. paul. pope paul vi reconvened the second vatican council, giving it priority and direction, and implementing its numerous reforms and fostering improved ecumenical relations with eastern orthodox and protestants, which resulted in many historic meetings and agreements. pope benedict xvi declared that the late pope paul vi lived a life of heroic virtue and conferred the title of venerable upon him. in october 2014 pope francis beatified him in recognition of a miracle attributed to his intercession."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"168","title":{"es":"paul vi: (1897-1978) pope of the roman catholic church 1963-78."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111448/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.310Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111448,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111449/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an excellent vintage signed and inscribed 10 x 6.5 photograph by king, the image depicting him standing outdoors in a profile half length pose addressing a predominantly african-american crowd who are gathered before him. signed in blue ink to a clear area of the image `to ray, god bless you in our struggle for freedom and human dignity. martin luther king jr.´ a pencil annotation to the verso in an unidentified hand (although evidently that of the original recipient of the photograph) states that the photograph was captured in los angeles in october 1964 and further indicates that the signature was obtained in person at the riverside church in new york city on 4th april 1967. signed photographs of martin luther king jr. rarely appear at auction and the present example is particularly desirable due to the emotive inscription. some slight creasing and a few small tears to the edges of the image (repaired with tape to the verso) not affecting the signature or inscription, otherwise about vgmartin luther king jr. made a whistle stop tour of los angeles on 27th october 1964 when he delivered a series of speeches (or 'pleas' as he described them himself) encouraging people to vote in the upcoming presidential election and the present photograph was captured at one such speech. in his speeches, king made it clear that he would not be voting for barry goldwater, but did not endorse any particular candidate, instead urging his audiences to go to the polls and vote for their convictions.on 4th april 1967, when the present photograph was signed, king made what has been documented as 'the most controversial speech' of his career, and also the one he 'laboured over most', and is known as the riverside church speech, or 'beyond vietnam: a time to break silence'. the anti-vietnam war and pro-social justice speech was followed by several interviews and other public speeches in which king came out against the war in vietnam and the policies that had created it. the speech was written by activist and historian vincent harding and civil rights leader ralph bunche described it as a mistake on king's part, whilst others, including james bevel, king's partner and strategist in the civil rights movement, labelled it as king's most important speech. coincidentally the speech was delivered exactly a year before king would be assassinated by james earl ray.king became a civil rights activist early in his career, leading the montgomery bus boycott in 1955 and serving as the first president of the southern christian leadership conference two years later. king also helped to organise the 1963 march on washington where he famously delivered his 'i have a dream' speech, thus establishing his reputation as one of the greatest orators in american history. on 14th october 1964, in the same month that the present photograph was taken, king became the youngest recipient of the nobel peace prize, awarded for combating racial inequality through non-violent resistance. in the final years of his life, when the present image was signed, king expanded his focus to include opposition towards poverty and the vietnam war."},"estimateMax":15000,"lotNumber":"169","title":{"es":"king jr. martin luther: (1929-1968) american baptist minister, a leading figure in the african-american civil rights movement. nobel peace prize winner, 1964. assassinated."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111449/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":10000,"soldPrice":11000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.312Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£10,000 - £15,000","currency":"GBP","id":111449,"estimateMin":10000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111450/13/13.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111450/14/14.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111450/15/15.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111450/16/16.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., charles a. lindbergh, four pages (airmail stationery), 4to, n.p. ('in flight over brazil'), 24th august 1968, to gladys bueler, secretary of the garden of the gods preservation council in colorado springs. lindbergh informs his correspondent that he had been travelling in europe for several weeks, and only returned home to connecticut for one night, before leaving on his current trip to south america, and apologises for the delay in writing to her, commenting 'the garden of the gods means a great deal to me, for it, and colorado, have (been) woven through my family's life, and mine, for many years. one of my great uncles\u2026.took a major part in the protection of the fish in colorado streams. i feel sure he admired the garden of the gods as i do in a later generation' and reflecting 'my own first contact with those fantastic rocks came in 1916, when i was driving my mother\u2026.on a trip (which took us about forty days) between minnesota and california. i was then fourteen years of age. my mother had been telling me about the great rocky mountains, and the garden of the gods, even before we left our minnesota home. i remember watching the colours unfold as we approached the area - slowly\u2026.when we arrived at the rocks themselves, we stopped for several hours, and i climbed one of them\u2026.i think i have never seen a more spectacular and magnificent place'. lindbergh also adds 'barnstorming in colorado, in 1925, i flew over and circled the garden of the gods; and laying out the transcontinental passenger airline (t.a.t.), in 1928-29, i often detoured far enough from my route to fly above it. i think my last view of the garden (at least from reasonably low altitude) was from the plane carrying the air-force-academy site-selection commission, of which i was a member. but my clearest memories come from earlier years, when there was enough time to climb or circle' and further declares 'the garden of the gods is one of the most beautiful and spectacular areas in the world. it would be a tragedy of major magnitude to lose, or detract from its great qualities - an\u2026indifference on the part of our generation, and a lack of responsibility for those succeeding us. i sincerely hope the citizens of colorado are successful in their efforts to preserve it', concluding by explaining that it will be some days before bueler receives his letter, explaining 'i write in a small plane over the amazon basin, enroute to the northern frontier of brazil where i will spend a day or two looking over one of south america's major park areas. our stops for fuel will be at landing fields so distant from major cities that it may be advisable for me to carry the envelope back to rio before mailing'. in a postscript, lindbergh states that he is enclosing 'my check (no longer present) for a hundred dollars, as a contribution to the efforts of your preservation council'. a letter of interesting content, written whilst in flight! vgthe garden of the gods is a public park located in colorado springs and was designated a national natural landmark in 1971.charles lindbergh emerged from virtual obscurity as a u.s. air mail pilot to instantaneous world fame as a result of his solo nonstop flight from new york to paris in 1927. he became an instant hero and his feat inspired an enthusiastic interest in aviation. (see also lot 121)"},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"170","title":{"es":"lindbergh charles: (1902-1974) american aviator who made the first solo non-stop flight across the atlantic ocean, 20th - 21st may 1927."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111450/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.313Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111450,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111451/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good signed colour 5 x 3.5 photograph by all three crew members of apollo xi (1969) individually, comprising neil armstrong (1930-2012) american astronaut, commander of apollo xi. the first man to walk on the moon, buzz aldrin (1930-  ) american astronaut, lunar module pilot of apollo xi. the second man to walk on the moon and michael collins (1930- ) american astronaut, command module pilot of apollo xi. the candid image depicts nasa's mobile quarantine facility (mqf), with armstrong, aldrin and collins inside, shortly after having been unloaded from a united states air force c-141 transport aircraft at ellington air force in houston following a flight from hawaii. the large crowds of onlookers gathered to welcome back the astronauts following their historic lunar landing mission can be seen at the edges of the runway. signed by armstrong in blue ink and by aldrin and collins in bold black inks, each with their names alone and largely to clear areas at the head of the image. an unusual and historic signed photograph, exapollo xi represented the first spaceflight to land humans on the moon, achieving the remarkable feat on 20th july 1969. armstrong, aldrin & collins are arguably the most intrepid explorers the world has known; indeed, armstrong, who had concerns regarding the mission and believed there was only a 50% chance of successfully landing on the moon, later stated 'i was elated, ecstatic and extremely surprised that we were successful'"},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"171","title":{"es":"apollo xi:"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111451/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":2000,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:37.315Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£2,000 - £3,000","currency":"GBP","id":111451,"estimateMin":2000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/37/37.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/38/38.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/39/39.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/40/40.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/41/41.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/42/42.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/43/43.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/44/44.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/45/45.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/46/46.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/47/47.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111452/48/48.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"d.s. by both muhammad ali (in both forms, 'muhammad ali aka cassius clay') and joe frazier ('joe frazier', twice), twelve pages, 4to, n.p., june 1970. the photocopied document is entitled ancillary rights agreement and is a contract made between the promoters 21st century promotions and marlett inc., sports action, muhammad ali (aka cassius clay) and joe frazier. the contract relates to a world heavyweight championship contest between ali and frazier, scheduled to take place at the cobo hall in detroit, michigan, on 21st september 1970, and states that the two fighters and the promoters have agreed to assign to sports action and its licensees 'all radio, television and motion picture rights in and to the bout', subject to various conditions stated in the document, sports action ('sac') agreeing to 'use its best efforts to exploit the rights to the bout\u2026.so as to derive the maximum proceeds\u2026.for clay', and being authorised to use the name, likeness and biography of both ali and frazier for the purposes of advertising, promotion and publicity and also agreeing the percentages of the net proceeds to be paid to ali, being 32.5% on the first $1,000,000, 35% on the net proceeds between $1,000,000 and $2,000,000, 37.5% on the net proceeds between $2,000,000 and $3,000,000 and 40% on any net proceeds in excess of $3,000,000 and that the minimum amount paid to ali will be $300,000 and that the payment will be made within twenty days following the bout. signed by both ali and frazier at the conclusion and countersigned by representatives of sports action inc., cloverlay inc. and 21st century promotions. with a number of red pencil annotations in an unidentified hand in the margins of the document, most significantly increasing ali's percentages of the net proceeds. the first eleven pages of the document are joined together by a single staple to the upper left corner, and the final page is detached (and with a few small staple holes to the upper left corner where originally attached to the rest of the document). a rare signed document relating to one of the most important world heavyweight championship contests in history. vg'the fight of the century' would eventually take place in 1971, almost a year after the present document was signed, and not on the date, or venue, specified in the present contract. in 1971 both ali and frazier had legitimate claims to the title of world heavyweight champion. the undefeated ali had won the title from sonny liston in 1964 and successfully defended his belt up until he had it stripped by boxing authorities for refusing induction into the armed forces in 1967. in ali's absence, the undefeated frazier garnered two championship belts through knockouts of buster mathis and jimmy ellis. he was recognised by boxing authorities as the world champion. frazier was plausibly ali's superior, which created a tremendous amount of hype and anticipation for a bout pitting the two undefeated pugilists against one another to decide who was the true world heavyweight champion. the contest took place at madison square garden on 8th march 1971 and frazier was victorious, winning in 15 rounds via a unanimous decision and dealing ali his first professional loss."},"estimateMax":20000,"lotNumber":"172","title":{"es":"ali muhammad: (1942-2016) american boxer, world heavyweight champion & frazier joe (1944-2011) american boxer, world heavyweight champion 1970-73."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111452/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_sportsmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":15000,"soldPrice":14000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.285Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£15,000 - £20,000","currency":"GBP","id":111452,"estimateMin":15000},{"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111453/2/2.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"signed postcard photograph, the official portrait depicting chiang in a head and shoulders pose. photograph by hu chung hsien. signed, in chinese characters, with his name alone in black fountain pen ink to a clear area of the image. one very slight, extremely minor corner crease, vgchiang kai-shek served as leader of the republic of china from 1928-75 and was a close ally of sun yat-sen, taking his place as leader of the kuomintang (kmt) following the canton coup of 1926. a socially conservative leader, promoting traditional chinese culture in the new life movement and rejecting western democracy as well as sun's nationalist democratic socialism in favour of an authoritarian government, chiang kai-shek was however unable to maintain cordial relations with the communists and purged them in a massacre at shanghai. at the onset of the second sino-japanese war (later becoming the chinese theatre of world war ii) chiang was kidnapped and obliged to establish a second unit front with the communists. in 1946, after the defeat of the japanese, an attempt to form a coalition government failed and the chinese civil war resumed with the ccp defeating the nationalists and declaring the people's republic of china in 1949. chiang's government and army retreated to taiwan, where chiang imposed martial law in a period of his rule known as the 'white terror'. chiang's government continued to declare its intention to retake mainland china and chiang ruled taiwan securely as president of the republic of china until his death in 1975."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"173","title":{"es":"kai-shek chiang: (1887-1975) chinese president 1948-49, 1950-75."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111453/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.288Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111453,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111454/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.n.s., j sartre, one page, 4to, n.p., n.d. (1976/77), in french. sartre writes, in full, 'lotta continua is going to be banned: it is the freedom of the revolutionary press which is once more at stake. i extend a call to italian writers to gain control of the newspaper individually or jointly'. vglotta continua ('continuous struggle') was a far left extra-parliamentary organisation founded in italy in 1969. the first issue of lotta continua's eponymous newspaper was published in the november of that year. in 1977 sartre gave an interview to the paper on the occasion of a far left rally in bologna in which he declared 'je ne suis plus marxiste'. it was around this time that the newspaper disbanded.jean-paul sartre was one of the key figures in the philosophy of existentialism and phenomenology and a leading figure in 20th century french philosophy and marxism."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"174","title":{"es":"sartre jean-paul: (1905-1980) french philosopher, playwright & novelist, awarded (but refused) the nobel prize for literature in 1964 ."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111454/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.289Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111454,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111455/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"scarce blue ink signature ('love, bob marley') on an oblong 12mo page removed from an autograph album. annotated and dated, 21st june 1978, in ink in the hand of a collector. some light overall age wear and minor staining, otherwise about vgprovenance: the present signature was obtained in person by the vendor when, as a teenager, she attended a performance of top of the pops at shepherds bush studio. recorded on 21st june 1978, the show was broadcast on the bbc the following day and bob marley and the wailers performed their song satisfy my soul, one of their most well-known tracks from the album kaya (1978).the jamaican singer and songwriter bob marley achieved international fame and acclaim by blending reggae, ska and rocksteady in his compositions, starting out in 1963 with his group the wailers. one of the world's best-selling artists of all time, marley was a committed rastafari and is considered one of the most influential musicians of all time, credited with popularising reggae music around the world, as well as serving as a symbol of jamaican culture and identity. marley has also evolved into a global symbol, which has been endlessly merchandised through a variety of mediums."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"175","title":{"es":"marley bob: (1945-1981) jamaican singer & songwriter."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111455/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":1300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.290Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111455,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111456/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"signed 8 x 10 photograph, an atmospheric and engaging image of the talented singer and musician in a head and shoulders pose, reminiscent of the purple rain stage of his career. the warner bros. publicity portrait is credited to photographer al beaulieu and dated november 1982. signed, 'love god, prince', in bold black ink to the image, the signature running across a partially darker area of the image. rare. exprince was a musical innovator, recognised for his eclectic work, flamboyant stage presence, extravagant dress and wide vocal range. his compositions integrated a wide variety of musical styles, contributing to sales of over 100 million records worldwide, making him one of the best-selling artists of all time. the winner of many awards (including an academy award for the film purple rain), rolling stone magazine ranked prince at number 27 on its list of 100 greatest artists ('the most influential artists of the rock 'n' roll era')."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"176","title":{"es":"prince rogers nelson: (1958-2016) american singer & songwriter, mononymously known as prince."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111456/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_moviestvmusicmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.292Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,200","currency":"GBP","id":111456,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111457/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"prince philip (1921-   ) duke of edinburgh, husband and consort of queen elizabeth ii.an excellent, large signed colour 21.5 x 29.5 photograph by both queen elizabeth ii and prince philip individually, the formal image showing the queen seated in a full length pose and with her husband standing in a full length pose behind her. both wear full formal dress and are seen within a corridor of buckingham palace. photograph by peter grugeon. signed ('elizabeth r') by the queen and signed ('philip') by the prince, both in dark fountain pen inks to the lower photographer's mount. the queen has also added the date, 1980, in her hand. framed and glazed in the original gold coloured wooden frame (some minor faults) to an overall size of 24 x 32. a particularly fine signed royal portrait, and quite desirable in this larger format. about expeter grugeon (1918-1980) english photographer, famous for his portraits of the british royal family from in the 1970s.in 2015 queen elizabeth ii became the longest reigning british monarch, surpassing the reign of her great-great-grandmother, queen victoria, and is the longest reigning queen regnant and female head of state in world history. (see also lots 125 & 140)following world war ii philip was granted permission by king george vi to marry elizabeth. before the official announcement of their engagement, he abandoned his greek and danish royal titles and became a naturalised british subject, adopting the surname mountbatten from his maternal grandparents. after an engagement of five months, he married elizabeth on 20 november 1947. just before the wedding, he was created duke of edinburgh. he is the longest-serving consort of a reigning british monarch and the oldest-ever male member of the british royal family."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"177","title":{"es":"elizabeth ii & prince philip: elizabeth ii (1926-   ) queen of the united kingdom 1952-   &"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111457/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1000,"soldPrice":1400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.293Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,000 - £1,500","currency":"GBP","id":111457,"estimateMin":1000},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111458/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good signed and inscribed christmas greetings card by princess diana, the stiff white folding 8vo card featuring a colour photograph to the inside of the princess and her husband, prince charles, standing together in half length poses on the occasion of their wedding. signed and inscribed ('evelyn\u2026..with much love, diana') in bold blue fountain pen ink by the princess above and below a printed greeting. with two gold embossed crests to the front. accompanied by the original registered envelope addressed to miss evelyn dagley at buckingham palace. although the envelope bears a small registered label, it would appear to have been delivered by hand and there are no other postal cancellations. an excellent signed christmas greetings card from 1981, the first year of the marriage of princess diana and prince charles, and with a good association. about exevelyn dagley - royal aide, the personal dresser to princess diana from 1981-92. dagley was the only female to accompany prince charles and princess diana on their honeymoon aboard the royal yacht britannia.from her engagement to the prince of wales in 1981 until her tragic, untimely death at the age of 36 in 1997, princess diana was a major presence on the world stage, often described as the 'world's most photographed woman'. the princess was noted for her compassion, style, charisma, and high-profile charity work, as well as her difficult marriage to the prince of wales, which ended in divorce in 1996. a fashion icon emulated by women around the world, diana was cited as one of the all-time most beautiful women in 2004. in 1999 time magazine named the princess as one of the 100 most important people of the 20th century and in 2002 she was ranked third on the bbc's poll of the 100 greatest britons, outranking the queen and other british monarchs."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"178","title":{"es":"diana: (1961-1997) princess of wales."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111458/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":600,"soldPrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.294Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£600 - £800","currency":"GBP","id":111458,"estimateMin":600},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111459/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a large folio printed edition of interview magazine, entitled the movies \"a\" to \"z\", september 1985, vol. xv, no.9, published by warhol, the colour front cover featuring a close-up portrait of actor sylvester stallone as boxer rocky balboa. signed ('andy warhol') by warhol in bold black ink with his name alone to a clear area of the front cover. a few minor, small tears and stains to the edges of the covers and some very light overall age wear, not affecting the signature, otherwise vgsylvester stallone (1946-   ) is perhaps most famous for his screen role as rocky balboa in a series of seven films made between 1976 and 2015. rocky iv, the most financially successful film in the series, was released in 1985, the same year as the present magazine. stallone and warhol's paths crossed on several occasions, beginning in 1979 in new york. on each occasion stallone recalls warhol taking his portrait.warhol was a leading figure in the visual art movement known as pop art. his works explore the relationship between artistic expression, celebrity culture and advertisement that flourished by the 1960s. his new york city studio, the factory, was a well-known gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, bohemian street people, hollywood celebrities and wealthy patrons. warhol is credited with coining the widely-used expression '15 minutes of fame'."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"179","title":{"es":"warhol andy: (1928-1987) american pop artist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111459/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"soldPrice":260,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.296Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£200 - £300","currency":"GBP","id":111459,"estimateMin":200},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111460/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a good signed 10 x 8 photograph of ali standing in a half length pose, with a white towel hanging around his neck over his bare chest, in a scene from the 1977 film the greatest. a printed caption to the lower border explains that the image shows heavyweight boxing contender cassius clay, following his victory over henry cooper, learning that he has won a bout for the world title against sonny liston. signed ('muhammad ali') in bold black ink to a clear area at the centre of the image and dated 19th april 1986 in his hand. exfrom an early stage of ali's career, the pugilist was recognised as an inspiring, controversial and polarising figure both inside and outside of the boxing ring, and is widely regarded as one of the most significant and celebrated sports figures of the 20th century. (see also lot 172)"},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"180","title":{"es":"ali muhammad: (1942-2016) american boxer, world heavyweight champion."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111460/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","esmemorabilia_sportsmemorabilia","esmemorabilia","escollectibles_all","esmemorabilia_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.297Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£250 - £350","currency":"GBP","id":111460,"estimateMin":250},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111461/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"a.l.s., with his initials j p ii, as pope, to the inside of an 8vo folding easter greetings card, n.p. (vatican city, rome), 21st march (1989), to grazyna, in polish. the pope writes to one of his friends and fellow countrymen, stating, in part, 'thank you very much for your easter wishes which i received from danuta. i wish that our lord, crucified and resurrected, will always be with you, and accompany you in your day to day life....' the pope's letter is written to the left panel of the inside of the card and to the right panel appears a facsimile biblical quotation, greeting, date and full signature of the pope, with a gold printed papal seal at the head. the colour printed cover of the card features a reproduction of a liturgical text and illustration from a breviary owned by ferdinand ii of aragon ('ferdinand the catholic') and contained in the vatican apostolic library. rare in this form. about exthe second longest serving pope in modern history, pope john paul ii is recognised as helping to end communist rule in his native poland and eventually all of europe. john paul ii significantly improved the catholic church's relations with judaism, islam, the eastern orthodox church and the anglican communion. one of the most travelled world leaders in history, john paul ii visited 129 countries during his pontificate. as part of his special emphasis on the universal call to holiness, he beatified 1,340 people and canonised 483 saints, more than the combined tally of his predecessors during the preceding five centuries. john paul ii was canonised on 27th april 2014 and is widely known to catholics as saint john paul the great."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"181","title":{"es":"john paul ii: (1920-2005) pope of the roman catholic church 1978-2005."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111461/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":1500,"soldPrice":1600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:39.299Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£1,500 - £2,000","currency":"GBP","id":111461,"estimateMin":1500},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111462/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111462/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111462/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"book signed, being a softcover uncorrected advance proof copy of the satanic verses, published by viking, london, 1988. signed by rushdie in black ink to the title page, also adding the title 'the satanic verses' in his hand above his signature. although it would appear that there are no differences in the text between the proof and first trade editions of the satanic verses, the present proof copy does possess some unique features. there are no ornamental devices separating the sub-chapters and page 549 (the 'acknowledgements' page) is completely lacking. the beginning of chapter iv entitled ayesha (page 203) allows for a numerical sub-division although is unnecessary as there are none. proof copies of the book vary in so much as some have the title printed on the title page and others don't; the present copy does not have the printed title (presumably the reason why rushdie added the title in his own hand in the present copy). bound in the publisher's blue wraps and with red lettering to the front cover. rare in this form. some slight age toning to the text block, minor creasing to the spine and with some slight age wear and creasing to the edges and corners of the wraps, otherwise vgthe 1981 booker prize winning rushdie's work combines magical realism with historical fiction and much of his work is set on the indian subcontinent. his fourth novel, the satanic verses, was the subject of a major controversy which resulted in the british government placing the author under police protection. in 2008 the times ranked rushdie thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest british writers since 1945."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"182","title":{"es":"rushdie salman: (1947-   ) british indian novelist & essayist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111462/view","tags":["escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":360,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.363Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£400 - £600","currency":"GBP","id":111462,"estimateMin":400},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111463/10/10.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111463/11/11.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111463/12/12.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"an interesting a.l.s., salman rushdie, three pages, 8vo, fernshaw road, london (the premises of his literacy agency, wylie, aitken & stone), 2nd november 1992, to ernst reinhard piper. rushdie thanks his correspondent for their help 'in artikel 19 verlag' and at the frankfurt bookfair and 'also for your expressions of solidarity and hope for the future', continuing 'as it turned out, it was probably a mistake to have moved to kiepenheuer [& witsch, the german publishing house] with the satanic verses; but that is what i was advised at the time, and there is no point in trying to rewrite the past'. rushdie also apologises to piper for his decision, realising that he was hurt by it, and remarks 'but, as of course you know, writers (and publishers) make such choices - good ones, bad ones - all the time'. the novelist concludes his letter writing 'at any rate, i am truly grateful for your selfless support, and hope we may meet again soon. in the meanwhile, the storm continues - now, as you may have seen, in germany also. it is a long, tough fight, but it must be won'. with the publisher's ink received stamp dated 9th november 1992 to a clear area at the head of the first page. a letter of significant content. vgernst reinhard piper (1952-   ) german historian who joined his father's publishing house in 1982.the german edition of the satanic verses was published by artikel 19 verlag in 1989; the publishers created specifically to protect them from the fatwa issued against rushdie, article 19 relating to the freedom of expression included in the universal declaration of human rights.the 1981 booker prize winning rushdie's work combines magical realism with historical fiction and much of his work is set on the indian subcontinent. his fourth novel, the satanic verses, was the subject of a major controversy which resulted in the british government placing the author under police protection. in 2008 the times ranked rushdie thirteenth on its list of the 50 greatest british writers since 1945."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"183","title":{"es":"rushdie salman: (1947- ) british indian novelist & essayist."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111463/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":800,"soldPrice":1100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.365Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£800 - £1,000","currency":"GBP","id":111463,"estimateMin":800},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111464/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"signed colour 7 x 10 photograph, a formal portrait of mandela in a head and shoulders pose. signed ('n mandela') in bold black ink to a clear area at the head of the image and dated 13th october 1999 in his hand. exmandela's place in world history is in no doubt; south africa's first black head of state and the first elected in a fully representative democratic election, his government focused on dismantling the legacy of apartheid. the recipient of more than 250 honours, mandela is held in deep respect within south africa where he is described as the 'father of the nation'."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"184","title":{"es":"mandela nelson: (1918-2013) president of south africa 1994-99. nobel peace prize winner, 1993."},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/iaa/source/catalog/auction/1757/lot/111464/view","tags":["escollectibles_autographs","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":520,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T04:48:34.367Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"£300 - £400","currency":"GBP","id":111464,"estimateMin":300},{"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/iaa/cloned-images/111465/2/2.jpg"],"soldDate":"2016-12-10","available":false,"description":{"es":"margaret thatcher (1925-2013) british prime minister 1979-90 who, despite her views on the european community, initiated great britain's membership of the european union by reluctantly joining the exchange rate mechanism in 1990.john major (1943-  ) british prime minister 1990-97 who, on taking office, had promised to keep great britain 'at the very heart of europe' and claimed to have won 'game, set and match for britain' by negotiating various opt-outs from the maastricht treaty (1992).tony blair (1953-  ) british prime minister 1997-2007 who won a landslide victory with his 'new labour' party in 1997, aided by the unpopularity of major's conservative government (itself deeply divided over the european union).gordon brown (1951-  ) british prime minister 2007-10 who, in 1997, as chancellor of the exchequer, had taken control of the united kingdom's membership of the european single currency issue by announcing the treasury would set five economic tests to ascertain whether the economic case had been made. in 2003 the treasury indicated the tests had not been passed.david cameron (1966-  ) british prime minister 2010-16 who introduced a referendum on the united kingdom's continuing membership of the european union. in the referendum of 23rd june 2016 the british electorate voted in favour of leaving the european union ('brexit') and in the wake of the results cameron announced his intention to resign as prime minister.william hague (1961-   ) british politician, leader of the conservative party 1997-2001. hague led the conservatives to a successful result at the european parliamentary elections in june 1999 and his opposition to the single european currency was later vindicated by labour prime minister gordon brown's adoption and subsequent approval of the policy.iain duncan smith (1954-   ) british politician, leader of the conservative party 2001-03. a committed eurosceptic, duncan smith was a constant thorn in the side of prime minister john major's government from 1992-97, opposing major's pro-european agenda.michael howard (1941-  ) british politician, leader of the conservative party 2003-05. in the 1970s howard was a leading advocate of british membership of the common market (eec) but later in his career became a eurosceptic.neil kinnock (1942-   ) british politician, leader of the labour party 1983-92. kinnock accepted membership in the european community, whereas the labour party had pledged withdrawal from it under former leader michael foot. kinnock went on to become a european commissioner and served as vice-president of the european commission from 1999-2004.david steel (1938-   ) british politician, leader of the liberal party 1976-88 and of the liberal democrats march-july 1988. in 1989 steel accepted an invitation from the italian liberals to stand for the european parliament as a pan-european gesture. although not elected, he polled very well.paddy ashdown (1941-  ) british politician, leader of the liberal democrats 1988-99. in july 2016 he founded more united in response to the result of the referendum on the united kingdom's membership of the european union.charles kennedy (1959-2015) british politician, leader of the liberal democrats 1999-2006. on constitutional reform kennedy was a long-term supporter of full home rule for scotland within a federal united kingdom within a federal europe.menzies campbell (1941-  ) british politician, leader of the liberal democrats 2006-07. campbell has been a supporter of the european union, but argued that it must reform to become more democratic.nick clegg (1967-   ) british politician, leader of the liberal democrats 2007-15. deputy prime minister in the cameron coalition ministry 2010-15. a former member of the european parliament, charles kennedy promoted clegg to be the liberal democrat's spokesperson on europe, focusing on the party's preparations for an expected referendum on the european constitution.all have signed the cover in different coloured inks, each with their names alone and to clear areas. an unusual selection of signatures by various british politicians, all of whom have had, to a greater or lesser extent, an influence on the united kingdom's role within europe from 1979 to the present day. a couple of very slight, minor corner creases, vgin june 2016, the british electorate participated in a referendum in which 52% of votes were cast in favour of leaving the european union. although the united kingdom currently remains a full member of the eu, the present prime minister theresa may has indicated that she will invoke article 50 of the treaty on european union, the formal procedure for withdrawing, by the end of march 2017, putting the united kingdom on course to leave the eu by the end of march 2019."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"185","title":{"es":"[brexit]: british politics: a good multiple signed first day cover issued to commemorate the direct elections to european parliament and featuring an attractive colour design incorporating images of the palais de l'europe at strasbourg and the palace of westminster in london, bearing four different british postage stamps honouring the european assembly elections and 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