{"lots":[{"startPrice":900,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17374/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17374/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17374/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17374/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17374/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17374/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: painted cartonnage foot from a mummy sarcophagus and loose fragments \n \n material: linen and gesso \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: ptolemaic period, 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 180 mm x 290 mm x 290 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, collector and antiques dealer, acquired before the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the ptolemaic kingdom was an ancient greek state based in egypt during the hellenistic period. it was founded in 305 bc by ptolemy i soter, a companion of alexander the great, and lasted until the death of cleopatra vii in 30 bc. ruling for nearly three centuries, the ptolemies were the longest and most recent egyptian dynasty of ancient origin. \n \n alexander the great conquered persian-controlled egypt in 332 bc during his campaigns against the achaemenid empire. after alexander\u2019s death in 323 bc, his empire quickly unraveled amid competing claims by the diadochi, his closest friends and companions. ptolemy, a macedonian who was one of alexander\u2019s most trusted generals and confidants, won control of egypt from his rivals and declared himself pharaoh. alexandria, a greek polis founded by alexander, became the capital city and a major center of greek culture, learning, and trade for the next several centuries. following the syrian wars with the seleucid empire, a rival hellenistic state, the ptolemaic kingdom expanded its territory to include eastern libya, the sinai, and northern nubia. \n \n to legitimize their rule and gain recognition from native egyptians, the ptolemies adopted the title of the pharaoh and had themselves portrayed on public monuments in egyptian style and dress; otherwise, the monarchy rigorously maintained its hellenistic character and traditions. the kingdom had a complex government bureaucracy that exploited the country\u2019s vast economic resources to the benefit of a greek ruling class, which dominated military, political, and economic affairs, and which rarely integrated into egyptian society and culture. native egyptians maintained power over local and religious institutions, and only gradually accrued power in the bureaucracy, provided they hellenized. beginning with ptolemy ii philadelphus, the ptolemies began to adopt egyptian customs, such as marrying their siblings per the osiris myth, and participating in egyptian religious life. new temples were built, older ones restored, and royal patronage lavished on the priesthood. \n \n from the mid third century bc, ptolemaic egypt was the wealthiest and most powerful of alexander\u2019s successor states, and the leading example of greek civilization. beginning in the mid second century bc, dynastic strife and a series of foreign wars weakened the kingdom, and it became increasingly reliant on the roman republic. under cleopatra vii, who sought to restore ptolemaic power, egypt became entangled in a roman civil war, which ultimately led to its conquest by rome as the last independent hellenistic state. roman egypt became one of rome\u2019s richest provinces and a center of macedonian culture, with greek remaining the main language of government until the muslim conquest in 641 ad. alexandria remained one of the leading cities of the mediterranean well into the late middle ages."},"estimateMax":1500,"lotNumber":"1","title":{"es":"egyptian painted cartonnage foot from a mummy sarcophagus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17374/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.745Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,100 - \u20ac1,500","currency":"EUR","id":17374,"dimensions":{"depth":29},"estimateMin":1100},{"startPrice":160,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17375/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17375/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17375/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17375/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: painted jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: early bronze age \n \n period: 3500 - 2000 b.c \n \n dimensions: 145 mm x 148 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during the early bronze age, pottery vessels played a crucial role in daily life, serving various functions such as storage, cooking, and ritualistic purposes. these vessels were typically handmade using clay, which was readily available in many regions. the pottery of this period exhibits a wide range of shapes, sizes, and decorative styles, reflecting the diversity of cultures and traditions across different regions. \n \n one of the distinguishing features of early bronze age pottery is the development of new ceramic techniques and styles. as societies transitioned from the neolithic to the bronze age, pottery production became more sophisticated. potters began using potter's wheels to create vessels with more uniform shapes and sizes. additionally, advancements in firing techniques led to the production of pottery with improved durability and strength. surface decorations, such as incised patterns, impressed designs, and painted motifs, became more elaborate, showcasing the artistic skills of ancient craftsmen. \n \n the vessels pottery of the early bronze age also provides valuable insights into the socio-economic dynamics of ancient societies. the distribution of pottery styles and types across different archaeological sites can reveal patterns of trade and exchange networks, as well as variations in cultural practices and social structures. moreover, the presence of specific types of pottery, such as cooking pots, storage jars, and ceremonial vessels, can shed light on the domestic activities, foodways, and religious beliefs of ancient communities."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"2","title":{"es":"early bronze age painted jug, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17375/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":160,"soldPrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.748Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17375,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":2900,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17376/009/009.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: romano-egyptian cartonnage mummy mask \n \n material: linen and gesso \n \n culture: egyptian, roman period \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 180 mm x 140 mm x 145 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, auvergne, acquired before 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during the roman period in egypt, which spanned from the 1st century bce to the 4th century ce, a unique blend of egyptian and greco-roman artistic influences emerged. this period saw the production of cartonnage mummy masks that often depicted female heads, showcasing a fusion of traditional egyptian religious beliefs with the cultural impact of the roman empire. cartonnage was a material made from layers of linen or papyrus soaked in plaster, creating a rigid surface suitable for painting and decoration. \n \n the female heads depicted on these mummy masks during the roman period often reflected the idealized beauty standards of the time. these masks were not just functional elements for preserving the deceased\u2019s features, but also served a ritualistic and symbolic purpose. the depictions frequently incorporated roman hairstyles and fashion trends, showcasing the blending of cultural elements. the intricate details of the masks, including carefully painted eyes, adorned jewelry, and headdresses, offered a glimpse into the social and aesthetic preferences of the roman-influenced egyptian society. \n \n the choice of a female representation on these mummy masks may suggest a connection to the goddesses of the egyptian pantheon, such as isis or hathor, who were revered during both the native egyptian and roman periods."},"estimateMax":3800,"lotNumber":"3","title":{"es":"romano-egyptian cartonnage mummy mask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17376/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":2900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.750Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac3,400 - \u20ac3,800","currency":"EUR","id":17376,"dimensions":{"depth":14.5},"estimateMin":3400},{"startPrice":350,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17377/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17377/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17377/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: tabullae defixionum \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 42 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the tabulae defixionum, or roman curse tablets, were inscribed sheets of lead or other materials used in the ancient world to invoke supernatural forces for personal purposes, often harm or binding of another person. these curses were typically written in latin or greek, and the intent was to call upon gods, spirits, or the dead to interfere in human affairs. people who used curse tablets were seeking to gain control over an adversary, rival, or anyone who had wronged them. common contexts for such curses included disputes over love, business, legal matters, and even sports competitions. the belief was that the deities or spirits invoked through the tablet would take action on behalf of the petitioner. \n \n these tablets were often deposited in specific places thought to be charged with supernatural power, such as graves, sanctuaries, or bodies of water. they were sometimes pierced with nails to symbolize the binding or immobilization of the victim. graves and tombs were popular locations because it was believed that the spirits of the dead could assist in carrying out the curse. in some cases, the curse tablets were buried alongside a recently deceased person, perhaps so their restless soul would act on behalf of the curse-maker. \n \n the text of the defixiones typically followed a formula, beginning with the identification of the target, a description of the curse, and a call for divine intervention. they were often accompanied by magical symbols or drawings to amplify their power."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"4","title":{"es":"roman curse tablet (tabullae defixionum)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17377/view","directSalePrice":350,"soldPrice":350,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:05:05.033Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac600 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17377,"estimateMin":600},{"startPrice":2100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/011/011.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17378/012/012.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mummified hand with x-ray \n \n material: bone and linen \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 200 mm x 73 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes digital copy of the x-ray test \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, auvergne, acquired before 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient egypt's late period (664\u2013332 bce), mummification techniques had evolved to become highly sophisticated, with an emphasis on preserving the body as a complete and eternal vessel for the afterlife. during this time, mummified bodies were carefully disassembled, treated, and reassembled to ensure preservation. internal organs, including the liver, lungs, stomach, and intestines, were removed early in the process, as they were prone to rapid decay. these organs were usually embalmed separately and stored in canopic jars, each protected by one of the four sons of horus, deities assigned to guard specific organs. \n \n however, by the late period, the practice shifted slightly, and sometimes the internal organs were treated and then wrapped in linen before being returned to the body cavity. in other cases, the jars were still used, but the shift indicated a concern with keeping the mummy intact as a whole. the heart, believed to be the center of intelligence and emotion, was often left inside the body because it would be weighed in the afterlife during the judgment by osiris. any remnants of the brain were removed through the nose using specialized tools, a process called excerebration, although the brain itself was not seen as essential for the afterlife. \n \n beyond the internal organs, the entire body was carefully wrapped in layers of linen, with amulets and magical objects inserted between layers to provide protection. each part of the body, such as the fingers, toes, arms, and legs, was individually wrapped to maintain the body's integrity. the wrapping itself became a ritual, where priests would recite spells from the book of the dead and other sacred texts to ensure the deceased's safe passage into the afterlife."},"estimateMax":3500,"lotNumber":"5","title":{"es":"egyptian mummified hand with x-ray"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17378/view","directSalePrice":2100,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.179Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,800 - \u20ac3,500","currency":"EUR","id":17378,"dimensions":{"depth":3},"estimateMin":2800},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17379/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17379/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17379/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17379/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: dice \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 9 mm each side \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman dice made from bronze offer intriguing insights into the recreational activities and gaming culture of ancient rome. dice games were immensely popular among people of all social classes and were played for entertainment, gambling, and even religious rituals. the use of bronze to craft dice was practical due to the metal's durability and malleability, ensuring that the dice would withstand frequent use and retain their shape over time. \n \n bronze roman dice typically featured six sides, each marked with dots or pips representing numbers ranging from one to six. the numbering system on roman dice was often arranged in such a way that opposite sides of the dice added up to seven, a design feature known as \"opposite faces add up to seven\" or \"sevens-out.\" this design ensured fairness and randomness in the outcome of dice rolls, crucial for maintaining the integrity of the game. \n \n roman dice were not only used for recreational purposes but also held cultural and symbolic significance. dice games were often associated with concepts of luck, fate, and fortune, and were sometimes employed in divination practices to predict the outcome of future events. the imagery and symbolism associated with dice were also reflected in roman art and literature, where dice games were depicted as common pastimes enjoyed by people from all walks of life."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"6","title":{"es":"roman dice"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17379/view","tags":["escollectibles_toys","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.482Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17379,"dimensions":{"depth":0.9},"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":900,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17380/010/010.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: libation tray with hieroglyphs \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: ptolemaic period, 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 90 mm x 340 mm x 190 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired late 20th century. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n libation trays were an important part of ancient egyptian ritual practices, particularly in offerings to deities, spirits of the deceased, and during temple ceremonies. these trays, often made of pottery, stone, or metal, were used to present liquid offerings like water, milk, wine, or beer, as well as solid offerings such as bread, fruits, or other symbolic items. the act of pouring or placing offerings on these trays was believed to nourish the gods or the spirits of the dead, ensuring their favor and continued protection for the living. libation was a common feature in both daily life and more formal religious contexts, particularly in funerary practices where it was essential to sustain the deceased in the afterlife. \n \n the design of libation trays varied, but many of them featured depressions, channels, or small basins to guide the liquid offerings as they were poured out. some trays also had carved or painted representations of offering scenes, including symbols like the ankh (the symbol of life) or the djed pillar (symbolizing stability), which had protective and sacred connotations. in funerary contexts, these trays were often placed in tombs, where they served as permanent fixtures for offering rituals that could be performed by the living or invoked through prayers. the designs could be simple or elaborate, depending on the wealth and status of the individual. \n \n in pottery, libation trays were particularly common among everyday egyptians who may not have had access to expensive stone or metal objects. pottery trays were easily made and could be personalized with symbols or inscriptions that reflected the owner\u2019s religious beliefs or needs. these trays were often included as part of tomb equipment to ensure the deceased had a continuous flow of offerings in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":1800,"lotNumber":"7","title":{"es":"egyptian libation tray with hieroglyphs"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17380/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":900,"soldPrice":900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.751Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,500 - \u20ac1,800","currency":"EUR","id":17380,"dimensions":{"depth":19},"estimateMin":1500},{"startPrice":450,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17381/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17381/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: handle with lion's mask \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 160 mm x 110 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, acquired from an antiques dealer \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman handle with a lion mask in bronze was a common decorative and functional feature on various objects during the roman period, especially from the 1st century bce to the 3rd century ce. these handles were often found on doors, chests, or large vessels like amphorae and cauldrons. the lion mask, a symbol of strength, power, and protection, was a popular motif in roman art and architecture. the lion\u2019s fierce expression, typically depicted with bared teeth and a flowing mane, conveyed a sense of authority and intimidation, making it an ideal design for door knockers or handles on important items. \n \n in terms of craftsmanship, these handles were meticulously cast using the lost-wax technique, which allowed artisans to produce detailed and lifelike designs. the lion mask handles often had loops or rings attached through the mouth or below the mask, functioning both as a grip for pulling or lifting and as an ornament. the bronze\u2019s durability and ability to take on fine detail made it a preferred material for such objects, which needed to withstand regular use while still serving a decorative purpose. the skill involved in creating these handles reflected the high standards of roman metalworking, with even mundane objects being imbued with artistic value. \n \n beyond their practical function, lion mask handles held symbolic significance in roman culture. lions were associated with various deities, such as jupiter (king of the gods) and hercules (a hero known for his strength), as well as the concept of virtus, the roman virtue of courage and military prowess. these associations made the lion an ideal guardian figure for homes, temples, and even military equipment. as such, the presence of a lion mask on a bronze handle would have not only served a practical role but also acted as a protective and prestigious symbol for the object\u2019s owner."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"8","title":{"es":"roman handle with lion's mask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17381/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":450,"soldPrice":460,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.753Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac900","currency":"EUR","id":17381,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17382/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17382/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17382/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17382/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17382/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: potter's wheel, ex museum \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: bronze age / iron age \n \n period: 4th - 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 115 mm x 145 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in the bronze age and iron age, the potter's wheel underwent significant technological advancements, with early versions often crafted from stone. these stone potter's wheels were simple in design yet played a crucial role in revolutionizing pottery production. typically consisting of a heavy circular stone disk mounted on a central axis, the stone potter's wheel allowed potters to shape and mold clay with greater precision and efficiency than traditional hand-building techniques. \n \n the introduction of the stone potter's wheel represented a significant leap forward in pottery manufacturing during the bronze age and iron age. by spinning the wheel with their foot or hand, potters could rotate the clay vessel being formed, enabling them to create symmetrical shapes and smooth surfaces with greater ease and consistency. this innovation not only accelerated the pace of pottery production but also facilitated the creation of more complex and refined pottery designs, including vessels with thinner walls and more intricate decorations. \n \n stone potter's wheels also had a profound impact on social and economic dynamics in bronze age and iron age societies. the increased efficiency of pottery production made possible by the potter's wheel allowed for the mass production of pottery vessels, which were essential for storing food, transporting goods, and performing various domestic and industrial tasks. this, in turn, contributed to the development of specialized craft industries, trade networks, and urban centers, where pottery production played a central role in economic prosperity and cultural exchange."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"9","title":{"es":"bronze age / iron age potter's wheel, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17382/view","directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.181Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17382,"dimensions":{"depth":14.5},"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17383/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17383/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17383/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17383/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17383/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pendant with helios \n \n material: gold and silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 18 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n helios was a prominent deity in both greek and roman mythology, representing the personification of the sun. in greek mythology, helios was often depicted as a handsome and radiant god driving a chariot across the sky each day, bringing light and warmth to the world. he was the son of the titans hyperion and theia and was revered as one of the titans himself. helios was associated with various aspects of the sun, including its daily journey, its life-giving energy, and its ability to illuminate the heavens and the earth. \n \n in roman mythology, helios was known as sol, and his attributes and characteristics closely mirrored those of his greek counterpart. as sol invictus, the \"unconquered sun, \" he was worshipped as a powerful and invincible deity, particularly during the roman empire. the cult of sol invictus gained prominence during the late roman republic and reached its zenith under emperor aurelian in the 3rd century ad, when sol became an official state god and was celebrated with lavish festivals and ceremonies. \n \n helios/sol was often depicted in art and literature as a majestic figure crowned with a radiant halo or aureole, riding a chariot pulled by fiery steeds across the sky. he was sometimes portrayed with a golden sun disc or a radiant solar crown, symbolizing his divine power and authority over the sun. temples and shrines dedicated to helios/sol were erected throughout the greco-roman world, where worshippers paid homage to the sun god through prayers, offerings, and rituals."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"10","title":{"es":"roman pendant with helios"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17383/view","tags":["esjewelry_necklacespendants","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.754Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17383,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17384/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17384/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17384/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 203 mm x 120 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex coll. ernst ulrich walter, museum of orientalists, leutwitz (saxony). ex. museum für morgenlandfahrer, inv. sw781 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs, or urcei, were widely used household vessels in ancient rome, primarily designed for holding and pouring liquids such as water, wine, oil, and even perfumes. these jugs were typically made from a variety of materials, including ceramic, glass, bronze, and silver, depending on the wealth and status of the owner. the basic design of a roman jug featured a round or ovoid body, a single handle, and a narrow neck, which made it easier to pour liquid in a controlled manner. the shape of the jug often varied depending on its specific function, such as larger, sturdier jugs for storing water or wine, and more delicate, ornamental ones for perfumes or ritual use. \n \n ceramic jugs were the most common due to their affordability and practicality. they were produced in large quantities and varied greatly in style and decoration, from simple, utilitarian forms to more elaborate vessels with painted or molded designs. glass jugs became increasingly popular after the development of glass-blowing techniques in the 1st century bce, allowing for the creation of lightweight, transparent jugs that could be crafted in various colors and intricate shapes. glass jugs, often used for serving drinks at feasts or for cosmetic purposes, became a symbol of refinement and elegance in roman households. \n \n bronze and silver jugs were less common but highly prized, often used during banquets or religious ceremonies. these metal jugs were frequently decorated with intricate reliefs, including mythological scenes, animal motifs, or geometric patterns, showcasing the exceptional craftsmanship of roman metalworkers. jugs made of precious materials like silver were also status symbols, displayed in wealthy households to reflect the owner\u2019s social standing. in addition to their domestic uses, jugs held cultural and symbolic importance in roman society, being used in religious rituals, libations, and burial offerings, where they were seen as vessels for both practical and spiritual purposes."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"11","title":{"es":"roman jug, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17384/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:28.803Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac280 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17384,"estimateMin":280},{"startPrice":600,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17385/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17385/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17385/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17385/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17385/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl depicting a swan \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, south italian colonies \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 650 mm x 161 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, colorado, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek bowls depicting a swan are captivating artifacts that offer insights into the artistic and symbolic significance of birds in ancient greek culture. the swan, with its graceful form and elegant presence, held special meaning in greek mythology and iconography. in greek mythology, swans were associated with various gods and goddesses, including apollo, zeus, and aphrodite, as well as with figures such as the muses and the hero achilles. swans were often depicted as symbols of beauty, purity, and divine inspiration, and their graceful movements and ethereal presence inspired admiration and reverence among the ancient greeks. \n \n the depiction of swans on greek bowls served both decorative and symbolic purposes. these bowls, often made of ceramic or metal, featured intricate designs and motifs representing various aspects of daily life, religious beliefs, and mythological narratives. the swan motif added a touch of elegance and sophistication to the bowls' aesthetic appeal, transforming them into objects of beauty and artistic expression. additionally, the swan's association with divinity and poetic inspiration imbued these bowls with deeper layers of meaning, perhaps serving as vessels for libations or offerings in religious ceremonies or as objects of contemplation and meditation. \n \n the presence of swans on greek bowls also reflects the interconnectedness of nature and culture in ancient greek society. swans were not only admired for their physical beauty but also revered for their symbolic significance and mythical associations."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"12","title":{"es":"greek bowl depicting a swan"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17385/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:28.805Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac1,200","currency":"EUR","id":17385,"dimensions":{"depth":16.1},"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":300,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17386/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17386/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17386/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sole of a shoe with hobnail holes \n \n material: leather \n \n culture: roman, gaul \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 203 mm x 73 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, south-west france, acquired before 1980s \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1856,0701.7247, 1856,0701.1045, 1856,0701.7235 and 1856,0701.7237 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the soles from the roman period represents a common feature of roman military and civilian footwear, particularly the caligae, the heavy-duty sandals worn by roman soldiers. hobnails were small metal studs or nails inserted into the soles of shoes to provide extra durability, traction, and protection, especially for those who frequently marched on rough terrain. the soles of roman shoes were typically made from thick layers of leather, into which these nails were driven, creating a robust and long-lasting sole. hobnails not only prevented excessive wear but also improved grip, making them essential for soldiers who had to navigate diverse landscapes during campaigns. \n \n in terms of construction, the hobnails were inserted from the inside of the shoe, with their heads secured within the leather to prevent discomfort for the wearer. the nails\u2019 pointed ends protruded through the outer surface of the sole, forming a grid-like pattern. these shoes, with their studded soles, became iconic of the roman military and are often depicted in roman art and statues. civilians, too, used hobnailed shoes, particularly those who worked in agriculture or traveled long distances, where the enhanced durability was essential for daily life. excavations at military camps and roman settlements frequently uncover these soles, with the distinctive pattern of hobnail holes still visible. \n \n hobnail shoes not only had a practical function but also carried symbolic and tactical significance in the roman period. for soldiers, the sound of hobnailed boots\u2014often described as a clattering or stomping noise\u2014became a symbol of roman military presence and power. the sound alone could instill fear in enemies. additionally, the tough soles protected soldiers\u2019 feet during long marches, allowing the roman legions to cover vast distances more effectively. archaeological finds of these shoes, particularly at battlefields and military forts, provide valuable insights into roman military life, showing how practical innovations like hobnail soles contributed to the strength and mobility of rome\u2019s armies."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"13","title":{"es":"roman sole of a shoe with hobnail holes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17386/view","tags":["esfashion_shoes","esfashion_all","esfashion"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":380,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.485Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17386,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":1900,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17387/008/008.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: head of venus \n \n material: marble \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 205 mm x 185 mm x 230 mm \n \n condition: good condition, professionally cleaned. \n \n provenance: ex cassencarie house collection, scottish baronial house now ruined, acquired mid-late 19th century, thence by family descent \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in the roman period, venus was one of the most important and widely venerated deities, associated with love, beauty, fertility, and prosperity. she was the roman counterpart to the greek goddess aphrodite, but her significance in roman culture extended beyond her greek origins. venus was revered not only as a goddess of romantic love and personal beauty but also as a symbol of civic unity and military success. the romans believed that venus had a direct connection to the founding of rome itself through her son, aeneas, the trojan hero who was considered an ancestor of romulus and remus, the legendary founders of the city. this link made her a guardian of the roman state and its people. \n \n venus held a central place in roman state religion and political ideology. julius caesar famously claimed descent from venus through the gens julia, his family line, which traced its origins to aeneas. this association elevated venus to a special status in the roman pantheon, where she was not only a personal deity of individuals but also a protector of rome\u2019s imperial destiny. caesar dedicated a temple to venus genetrix (\"venus the mother\") in 46 bce, reinforcing her role as a mother figure to the roman people and the imperial family. later emperors, including augustus, continued to promote her worship, using her imagery and temples to strengthen the divine legitimacy of their rule. \n \n in roman art, venus was frequently depicted in statues, frescoes, mosaics, and coins. she was often shown in idealized form, representing the height of feminine beauty and grace, with flowing robes or depicted nude, emphasizing her role as the goddess of love and desire. venus was a popular figure in private worship, and her temples were often visited by those seeking blessings in matters of the heart, fertility, or marriage. her festivals, such as the veneralia and venus verticordia, were celebrated with offerings of flowers and incense. venus\u2019s influence extended into all aspects of roman life, from personal relationships to politics, symbolizing both personal allure and the broader power of the roman state."},"estimateMax":3500,"lotNumber":"14","title":{"es":"roman head of venus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17387/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":1900,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:28.808Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,800 - \u20ac3,500","currency":"EUR","id":17387,"dimensions":{"depth":23},"estimateMin":2800},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17388/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17388/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with bee and inscription 'paroida' \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired before 1980s \n \n parallel: manov, m. & torbov, m, inscribed lead sling bullets. kelly, a.m., the cretan slinger at war \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets, also known as \"glandes\" (singular: glans), were small, often egg-shaped projectiles used with slings by ancient greek soldiers. these bullets were typically made of lead, although stone and clay examples have also been found. lead was preferred due to its density, which allowed the bullets to travel farther and with more force than those made from lighter materials. the use of slings and sling bullets dates back to ancient times, but they became particularly significant in greek warfare from the 5th century bce onwards, used by specialized troops known as slingers or \"sphendonetes.\" \n \n the design of greek sling bullets was often quite sophisticated, with many bullets bearing inscriptions or symbols. inscriptions could include the names of the city-state or military unit, the names of commanders, or messages intended to demoralize the enemy, such as \"take that\" or \"catch this.\" some bullets were even crafted in the shape of acorns or almonds to enhance their aerodynamic properties. the addition of such inscriptions and designs not only served practical purposes in identifying and intimidating foes but also provided a psychological edge in battle, showcasing the ingenuity and resourcefulness of greek soldiers. \n \n sling bullets played a crucial role in various military engagements throughout greek history, particularly in skirmishes and sieges where ranged attacks were advantageous. the effectiveness of slings was notable in their ability to strike enemies at a distance, penetrate armor, and cause significant injuries or fatalities. slingers were valued members of greek armies and often operated alongside archers and infantry, contributing to the tactical flexibility and overall combat effectiveness of greek forces."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"15","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with bee and inscription 'paroida'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17388/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.487Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17388,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17389/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17389/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17389/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17389/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17389/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: iron age, central asia, amlash or bactrian \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 27 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from london gallery (1970s - 2000s) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the bactrian culture thrived in the region of bactria, which encompassed parts of present-day afghanistan, uzbekistan, and tajikistan, during the bronze age, roughly from the 3rd to the 2nd millennium bce. bactria served as a crucial crossroads along the ancient silk road, connecting the civilizations of the mediterranean, central asia, china, and the indian subcontinent. the culture is known for its advanced urban centers, sophisticated metallurgy, and rich artistic traditions. bactrian art often depicted scenes of daily life, mythical creatures, and religious motifs. the bactrians are also believed to have played a significant role in the spread of early indo-iranian languages and culture. \n \n on the other hand, amlash culture was prevalent in the amlash region of northern iran during the iron age, dating roughly from the 1st millennium bce. the amlash culture is characterized by its distinctive pottery styles, including painted ceramics adorned with intricate geometric and zoomorphic designs. archaeological evidence suggests that amlash society was organized into small-scale agricultural communities, with evidence of terraced agriculture and irrigation systems. additionally, amlash culture is notable for its burial practices, which often included inhumation in cemeteries and burial mounds, sometimes accompanied by grave goods such as pottery vessels and metal objects. \n \n while the bactrian and amlash cultures developed in different time periods and geographical regions, they both represent important stages in the cultural evolution of the broader central asian and iranian regions."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"16","title":{"es":"iron age, amlash or bactrian ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17389/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":65,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:16:06.341Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17389,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17390/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17390/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17390/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with carnelian depicting a vase \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 12 mm x 17 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, d.t., southern germany, since 1996. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were popular adornments worn by both men and women in ancient rome, serving as symbols of status, identity, and personal style. these rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and gemstones, and featured a wide range of designs, motifs, and inscriptions. roman rings were not only decorative but also carried symbolic and practical significance, often serving as seals, amulets, or markers of social status and affiliation. \n \n the design of roman rings varied depending on factors such as the wearer's gender, social status, and personal preferences. wealthy individuals often wore rings made from precious metals such as gold or silver, adorned with intricate designs, gemstones, or engraved inscriptions. common motifs found on roman rings included mythological figures, animals, floral patterns, and religious symbols, reflecting the diverse cultural influences and artistic traditions of the roman empire. \n \n roman rings were worn for a variety of purposes, including as decorative accessories, status symbols, and talismans for protection or luck. rings were often exchanged as gifts or tokens of affection, used to commemorate important life events such as marriages, births, or victories in battle. additionally, rings were sometimes used as seals for official documents or correspondence, with the wearer's engraved signet serving as a personal signature and mark of authenticity."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"17","title":{"es":"roman ring with carnelian depicting a vase"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17390/view","directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.186Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17390,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17391/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17391/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17391/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17391/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: papyrus fragment with demotic script \n \n material: papyrus \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 55 mm (without stand), 230 mm x 91 mm (with stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n papyrus fragments with demotic script are important artifacts in the study of ancient egyptian culture, providing valuable insights into the language, administration, and daily life of the people during the greco-roman period (circa 332 bce to 395 ce). demotic is a cursive script that evolved from northern forms of the egyptian hieratic script. it was widely used for administrative and legal documents, as well as literary and religious texts during the later periods of ancient egypt. the use of demotic became more prominent following the conquest of egypt by alexander the great and the establishment of the ptolemaic dynasty. \n \n these papyrus fragments cover a diverse range of topics, including legal contracts, administrative records, literary texts, and religious manuscripts. they offer glimpses into the economic transactions, legal agreements, and social customs of the time. legal documents often include details about land transactions, inheritance, and contracts, shedding light on the legal and economic structure of ancient egyptian society during the hellenistic and roman periods. \n \n the decipherment of demotic script has been instrumental in understanding the cultural and linguistic shifts that occurred during this era. scholars have made significant progress in translating and interpreting these papyrus fragments, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of ancient egyptian culture in its later phases."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"18","title":{"es":"egyptian papyrus fragment with demotic script"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17391/view","tags":["escollectibles_booksmagazinespaper","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":170,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.489Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17391,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":350,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17392/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17392/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17392/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a lar \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 35 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex joseph klein collection, new york, acquired between 1941 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman statuette of a lar represents one of the most common household deities in ancient roman religion. lares were protective spirits of the home and family, often associated with ancestors or local spirits of the land. typically, these statuettes were placed in a family\u2019s lararium, a small household shrine, and were central to daily rituals that invoked protection and prosperity. the figure of a lar is usually depicted as a youthful male wearing a short tunic, often holding a cornucopia or a drinking horn, symbolizing abundance and well-being. \n \n the worship of lares highlights the importance of household and domestic religion in roman life. while grand public rituals took place in temples, the veneration of lares was a personal, intimate practice carried out by individual families. the presence of these statuettes in roman homes reflects a deep belief in the divine influence on everyday life and the desire to maintain harmony and protection within the household. the rituals often involved offerings of food, wine, or incense, emphasizing the reciprocal relationship between the family and the protecting spirits. \n \n these statuettes also reveal insights into roman art and craftsmanship. usually made of bronze, but sometimes of terracotta or other materials, the statuettes are finely detailed despite their small size, showcasing the skill of roman artisans. the lar statuettes are not just religious artifacts but also representations of roman social values, emphasizing the importance of family, tradition, and continuity."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"19","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a lar"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17392/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":350,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:28.809Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17392,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17393/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17393/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17393/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17393/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17393/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: anatomical votive model of an uterus \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: etruria \n \n period: 5th - 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 166 mm x 100 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient etruria, votive offerings played a significant role in religious practices and rituals, with anatomical votive models being particularly notable for their distinctive forms and symbolic significance. anatomical votive models were miniature representations of body parts or organs, often crafted from terracotta, clay, or other materials, and offered to deities as expressions of devotion, gratitude, or supplication. among the most common anatomical votive models found in etruria were those depicting the uterus, reflecting the importance of fertility and childbirth in etruscan religious beliefs and social customs. \n \n the uterus votive models found in etruria typically exhibited a high degree of anatomical accuracy, with detailed features such as fallopian tubes, ovaries, and cervixes rendered in miniature form. these models were often accompanied by inscriptions or dedicatory texts, providing clues about their purpose and the intentions of the individuals who offered them. the uterus votive models were believed to have protective and therapeutic properties, offering divine assistance to women experiencing difficulties related to fertility, childbirth, or reproductive health. \n \n the prevalence of uterus votive models in etruscan sanctuaries, temples, and tombs underscores the central role of women and the concept of fertility in etruscan society and religion. these votive offerings served as tangible expressions of faith and hope, symbolizing the desire for fertility, childbirth, and the continuation of family lineage."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"20","title":{"es":"etruscan anatomical votive model of an uterus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17393/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:28.812Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac1,000","currency":"EUR","id":17393,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":80,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17394/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17394/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17394/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17394/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group c \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1400 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 130 mm x 134 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, prof. dr. claus-hunno hunzinger, in germany since before 1960s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n oil lamps played a significant role in lighting and daily life during the bronze and iron ages. these lamps were simple yet effective devices consisting of a container for holding oil and a wick that would burn, providing illumination in the darkness. as technology and metallurgy advanced during the bronze and iron ages, oil lamps became more sophisticated in terms of design and materials. \n \n in the bronze age, oil lamps were often made of ceramic and had a rudimentary shape, with an oil reservoir and a spout or nozzle to hold the wick. these lamps were used in homes and places of worship, and some featured simple decorative designs. \n \n in the iron age, oil lamps saw technological and stylistic advancements. they became more elaborate, with a wider variety of designs and materials, such as bronze. these lamps often featured decorative shapes and handles for easier transportation. in addition to their practical function, some iron age oil lamps also held symbolic and ritual significance in religious and funerary contexts."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"21","title":{"es":"bronze age oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17394/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":80,"soldPrice":85,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.490Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17394,"dimensions":{"depth":13.4},"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":650,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17395/008/008.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: shabti for psamtekhen born to nit-iy-et, back side with the formula 'o thou shabti, if you are called to perform any work in...' \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 112 mm x 27 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1960s - 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n shabtis, also known as ushabtis or shawabtis, were small figurines or statues placed in tombs to serve the deceased in the afterlife. they were believed to magically come to life and perform tasks on behalf of the deceased in the field of reeds, the idealized paradise in egyptian mythology. \n \n the shabti for psamtekhen is inscribed with a formula on its backside, which invokes the shabti to perform any necessary work on behalf of the deceased in the afterlife. this formula is a variant of the commonly found \"shabti spell\" or \"shabti formula, \" which was intended to activate the shabti's duties. it reflects the ancient egyptian belief in an afterlife where the deceased would continue to perform labor similar to their earthly responsibilities, and the shabti was tasked with carrying out these duties on behalf of the deceased. \n \n the inscription on the shabti for psamtekhen provides valuable insights into the religious beliefs and funerary practices of ancient egypt. it demonstrates the importance of ensuring a comfortable and prosperous afterlife through the provision of servants and magical helpers, such as shabtis, who would ensure that the deceased could continue their existence without interruption in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"22","title":{"es":"egyptian shabti for psamtekhen born to nit-iy-et"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17395/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:26.205Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,000 - \u20ac1,200","currency":"EUR","id":17395,"estimateMin":1000},{"startPrice":1900,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/011/011.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17396/012/012.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mummified falcon (kestrel, falco tinninculus) with x-ray \n \n material: bone and linen \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 160 mm x 75 mm x 55 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes digital copy of the x-ray test \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, auvergne, acquired before 1980s \n \n parallel: the science museum group, object number: a634912 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient egypt, mummified falcons held deep religious significance, as they were associated with the god horus, one of the most important deities in the egyptian pantheon. horus, often depicted as a falcon or a man with a falcon's head, symbolized kingship, the sky, and protection. mummifying animals, especially sacred ones like the falcon, was a way of honoring the gods and ensuring divine favor. these falcon mummies were often placed in temples dedicated to horus or other gods linked to falcons, such as ra or montu, reflecting their role in the religious practices of ancient egypt. \n \n the process of mummifying a falcon was similar to the methods used for humans. embalmers would remove the internal organs, dry the body with natron, and then wrap the bird in linen strips. in some cases, falcons were even buried in small, intricately designed coffins, demonstrating their revered status. archaeological finds reveal thousands of mummified falcons, suggesting that these birds were bred and sacrificed specifically for ritual purposes. their mummification was believed to ensure their role as intermediaries between humans and the gods, as well as to provide the deceased with protection in the afterlife. \n \n beyond their religious significance, mummified falcons also highlight the complex relationship the ancient egyptians had with the natural world. birds, particularly falcons, were not only important symbols but also vital components of egypt's ecosystem. the falcon\u2019s hunting prowess and its ability to soar through the sky aligned with the egyptian concept of divine power and kingship. by preserving these creatures through mummification, the ancient egyptians sought to maintain balance and harmony between the human, natural, and divine realms, making falcon mummies a reflection of their deeply interconnected worldview."},"estimateMax":3500,"lotNumber":"23","title":{"es":"egyptian mummified falcon (kestrel, falco tinninculus) with x-ray"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17396/view","tags":["esinternational_african","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":1900,"soldPrice":2050,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.104Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,800 - \u20ac3,500","currency":"EUR","id":17396,"dimensions":{"depth":5.5},"estimateMin":2800},{"startPrice":250,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17397/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17397/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bust of a boy applique (wagon or furniture) \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 53 mm x 41 mm x 53 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, rhenish hesse, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman wagon or furniture appliqués in bronze were ornamental pieces used to decorate various objects, including wagons, furniture, and even architectural elements. these appliqués were often crafted with intricate designs and could include motifs of animals, mythological figures, or even human busts. the use of bronze for these decorative elements not only provided durability but also allowed for detailed artistry that could enhance the aesthetic appeal of everyday items. \n \n one notable example of roman bronze appliqués is the bust of a boy, which exemplifies the high level of craftsmanship and artistic detail achieved by roman artisans. such busts often depict young male figures with finely detailed facial features, hairstyles, and expressions. these appliqués were not just decorative; they also served as symbols of status and wealth. the depiction of a boy\u2019s bust could represent a member of a prominent family or be intended to convey certain virtues or qualities admired in roman society, such as youth, beauty, or nobility. \n \n the craftsmanship involved in creating these bronze appliqués reveals much about roman metalworking techniques and aesthetic values. the detailed portrayal of the boy\u2019s bust would involve precise techniques like lost-wax casting and intricate finishing to highlight textures and details. these appliqués not only served practical purposes in adorning furniture or wagons but also reflected the romans' appreciation for art and their ability to blend functionality with beauty."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"24","title":{"es":"roman bust of a boy applique (wagon or furniture)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17397/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":250,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:26.207Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac350 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17397,"dimensions":{"depth":5.3},"estimateMin":350},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17398/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17398/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17398/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17398/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: juglet \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 3500 - 2000 b.c \n \n dimensions: 70 mm x 85 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in the bronze age period, vessels played a vital role in daily life, serving various purposes such as storage, cooking, and ceremonial use. crafted from materials such as clay, stone, metal, and even precious metals like gold and silver, these vessels showcased the technological and artistic advancements of the time. bronze age vessels came in a wide array of shapes, sizes, and decorative styles, reflecting the diverse cultures and traditions across different regions. \n \n one of the most common types of vessels in the bronze age was the amphora, a tall, narrow-necked vessel used for storing and transporting liquids such as wine, oil, and water. amphorae were typically made of clay and featured two handles for easy carrying and pouring. the shape of the amphora allowed for efficient stacking and storage, making it an essential container for trade and commerce throughout the ancient world. \n \n bronze age vessels also included pottery bowls, plates, cups, and jars, which served various domestic and ritualistic functions. these vessels were often adorned with intricate designs, geometric patterns, and symbolic motifs, reflecting the cultural beliefs and aesthetic preferences of ancient societies. some vessels were used for everyday purposes such as cooking and dining, while others were reserved for special occasions or religious ceremonies."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"25","title":{"es":"bronze age juglet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17398/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.107Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17398,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17399/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17399/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17399/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lion fragment \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 105 mm x 116 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand. \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n lions in ancient rome held a significant role in both public entertainment and as symbols of power and dominance. most famously, lions were used in the venationes, the gladiatorial games where exotic animals were hunted and killed for public spectacle. these animals, including lions, were imported from regions such as north africa, symbolizing rome's vast empire and control over distant lands. in the roman colosseum and other arenas, lions were often pitted against gladiators or criminals as part of the brutal entertainment that captivated roman audiences. the presence of lions in these games embodied the idea of man\u2019s dominance over nature, a theme central to rome's imperial ideology. \n \n lions also appeared frequently in roman art and architecture, often serving as symbols of strength, courage, and authority. they were featured in sculptures, mosaics, and decorative elements in public buildings, private homes, and even tombs. for example, lions might appear as part of fountain decorations or as guardians at the entrances of important buildings. the roman elite often associated themselves with the lion\u2019s majestic and powerful image, reflecting their own aspirations for leadership and control. as a symbol, the lion became an embodiment of the virtues rome wished to project: invincibility, ferocity, and grandeur. \n \n beyond their use in the arenas and symbolism in art, lions also held mythological and religious significance in rome. the lion was linked to various gods and heroes, such as hercules, who famously wore a lion\u2019s skin as a symbol of his strength after defeating the nemean lion in one of his twelve labors. additionally, lions were sometimes associated with the goddess cybele, whose rites included the use of lions in processions. in these contexts, lions transcended their role as mere animals and became potent symbols within roman religion and myth, representing divine power and protection."},"estimateMax":260,"lotNumber":"26","title":{"es":"roman lion fragment"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17399/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:58.597Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac260","currency":"EUR","id":17399,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":280,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17400/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17400/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17400/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17400/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17400/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: libation bowl \n \n material: alabaster \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: middle kingdom, 12th dynasty, 1990 - 1786 b.c \n \n dimensions: 26 mm x 129 mmm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the 12th dynasty of ancient egypt, spanning approximately from 1990 bc to 1786 bc, is often regarded as one of the high points of egypt's middle kingdom period. this dynasty was characterized by stable governance, artistic innovation, and extensive building projects. it saw the consolidation of power by the pharaohs and the establishment of strong centralized authority, which allowed for a period of relative prosperity and cultural advancement. \n \n one of the notable achievements of the 12th dynasty was the construction of impressive architectural monuments, including temples, pyramids, and tombs. pharaohs such as senusret i, amenemhat ii, and senusret iii commissioned ambitious building projects that showcased the wealth and power of the egyptian state. the construction of the pyramid complex at dahshur, attributed to senusret iii, is a remarkable example of the architectural achievements of the 12th dynasty, featuring innovative design elements and engineering techniques. \n \n the 12th dynasty also witnessed significant cultural and artistic developments, with a flourishing of literature, poetry, and artistic expression. during this period, the middle kingdom literature, including stories such as \"the tale of sinuhe\" and \"the story of the shipwrecked sailor, \" emerged as prominent literary works that reflected the values, beliefs, and ideals of ancient egyptian society."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"27","title":{"es":"egyptian libation bowl, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17400/view","tags":["esinternational_african","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":280,"soldPrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.109Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17400,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":250,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17401/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17401/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17401/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 183 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex marius-victor-ernest dumas private collection (north africa and france), acquired in tunisia between 1890 - 1920. m. dumas was controleur civile (french colonial administrator) of the city of sousse in tunisia prior to world war i. this collection of roman and north african antiquities has remained in the family for the past 100 years in the haute-savoie region of france. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman vessels in north africa played a crucial role in the region's integration into the broader roman empire, facilitating trade, military transport, and cultural exchange across the mediterranean. north africa, particularly regions like modern-day tunisia, algeria, and libya, became vital to the empire for its agricultural production, especially grain, olive oil, and wine. roman vessels, including merchant ships, were essential for transporting these goods from the fertile plains of north africa to rome and other parts of the empire. the region's harbors, such as carthage, leptis magna, and sabratha, became bustling centers of maritime trade, connecting north africa to italy, spain, and the eastern mediterranean. \n \n the design and technology of roman vessels used in north africa reflected the broader roman advancements in shipbuilding. these ships were often built to be sturdy and capable of handling long voyages across the mediterranean. they varied in size and purpose, with some designed for large cargo loads, while others were used for military purposes, like protecting coastal regions or transporting soldiers. roman merchant vessels, typically equipped with a single large sail and several oars, were key to moving bulk goods, such as african grain and oil, which became the lifeblood of rome, particularly in times of food shortages. \n \n the cultural exchange facilitated by these roman vessels in north africa was profound. along with goods, ideas, religions, and art traveled across the sea, leading to the spread of roman culture and the development of a distinct romano-african identity. roman amphorae, ceramics, and other artifacts discovered in north african archaeological sites reveal the extent of this interaction. roman architecture, language, and customs became deeply rooted in the region, blending with local traditions to create a unique cultural landscape. roman vessels, therefore, were not just tools of commerce, but vehicles for the transformation of north africa into a crucial and vibrant part of the roman world."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"28","title":{"es":"roman plate with decoration, ex marius-victor-ernest dumas collection"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17401/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":250,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.110Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac350 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17401,"estimateMin":350},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17402/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17402/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17402/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: unguentarium \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 2nd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 260 mm x 63 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, acquired between 1980 - 2000 \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1814,0704.662. british museum collection, accession number 1951,0907.3 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek unguentarium was a small, elegant container used primarily for holding perfumed oils, ointments, and other cosmetic substances. often made from glass, clay, or sometimes metal, these vessels were characterized by their slender, elongated shapes, which made them ideal for storing and dispensing liquids in a controlled manner. the design of an unguentarium typically included a narrow neck and a small opening, which allowed users to easily pour out or apply the contents. these features not only facilitated practical use but also contributed to their aesthetic appeal, reflecting the high value greeks placed on personal grooming and beauty. \n \n in ancient greek culture, the use of perfumed oils and ointments was a significant aspect of daily life, especially among the wealthy and elite. the greeks applied these substances for a variety of purposes, including hygiene, relaxation, and as a marker of social status. unguentaria were often found in the context of luxury items and were sometimes adorned with intricate designs or inscriptions, enhancing their value as decorative art pieces. the craftsmanship of these vessels, particularly in glass, demonstrates the advanced techniques developed by greek artisans, including the use of techniques like core-forming and casting."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"29","title":{"es":"greek unguentarium"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17402/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.112Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17402,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":300,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17403/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17403/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17403/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bread stamp with inscription 'l seb i... / evphros t...' \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 27 mm x 54 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bread stamps in bronze are fascinating artifacts that shed light on the intricacies of daily life in ancient rome, particularly in the context of bread production and commerce. these stamps were used to imprint distinctive marks or logos onto loaves of bread, which served multiple purposes. primarily, they helped identify the bakery that produced the bread, ensuring quality and authenticity. such stamps often featured symbols, names, or even intricate designs that could indicate the baker\u2019s identity, the type of bread, or specific characteristics of the bakery, providing both a practical and branding function. \n \n the use of bronze for these stamps reflects the material's durability and the value placed on precision in bread-making. roman bakers would press these stamps into the dough before baking, leaving a permanent imprint that survived the baking process. this not only helped in differentiating between various types of bread but also acted as a form of quality control. the presence of these stamps on bread loaves was particularly important in bustling urban centers like rome, where standardization and traceability were crucial due to the high volume of production and consumption. \n \n archaeological finds of roman bread stamps reveal a great deal about the economic and social aspects of roman life. these stamps have been discovered in various regions of the empire, indicating a widespread and standardized practice. they provide insights into the organization of roman bakeries and the role of bread in daily sustenance, as well as the administrative and regulatory aspects of roman commerce. additionally, the decorative and inscriptive elements on these stamps offer valuable information about roman art, typography, and the symbolic meanings associated with different designs. through these artifacts, we gain a deeper understanding of how the romans managed food production and the significance of bread in their society."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"30","title":{"es":"roman bread stamp with inscription 'l seb i... / evphros t...'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17403/view","directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:26:07.417Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17403,"dimensions":{"depth":2.5},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17404/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17404/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17404/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17404/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: head of apollo \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 37 mm x 30 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house, ex english private collection, london, acquired in the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n as in greek tradition, apollo in roman mythology was associated with a wide range of attributes, including music, poetry, prophecy, healing, and the sun. his role as a deity of prophecy was particularly significant, as he was believed to convey messages from the gods through oracles. the romans adopted many of the greek myths and attributes of apollo but integrated them into their own religious practices and state rituals, reflecting his importance across different aspects of roman life. \n \n one of the most prominent aspects of roman apollo was his association with the sun, a role that was less emphasized in greek mythology but became more pronounced in roman culture. the romans often linked apollo with sol, the sun god, merging their attributes to emphasize his role as a solar deity. this association was particularly evident in the development of the imperial cult, where apollo was honored alongside emperors as a symbol of divine authority and cosmic order. temples dedicated to apollo, such as the temple of apollo on the palatine hill in rome, were significant religious and cultural sites, reinforcing his role in roman society. \n \n apollo's influence extended into roman art and literature, where he was depicted as a youthful and handsome figure, often with a lyre or laurel wreath. this image reflected his roles in music and poetry, maintaining the aesthetic qualities of the greek apollo while adapting to roman tastes. roman poets and artists frequently drew inspiration from greek depictions of apollo, blending them with local traditions and interpretations. through these adaptations, apollo remained a vital figure in roman religion and culture, symbolizing the blending of greek and roman religious practices and the continuity of classical themes within the roman empire."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"31","title":{"es":"roman head of apollo"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17404/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:18.772Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac360 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17404,"estimateMin":360},{"startPrice":350,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17405/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17405/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17405/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: situla \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 115 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman situla in bronze is a type of bucket-shaped vessel that played a versatile role in roman daily life, religious rituals, and funerary practices. often made from bronze, a highly durable and decorative material, these vessels typically featured a rounded body with a handle for easy transport. situlae could serve practical purposes, such as carrying water or wine, but they were also used in more symbolic and ceremonial contexts. their craftsmanship and decoration varied according to their intended use, with more elaborate examples reserved for religious offerings, rituals, or burial rites, where they might have been used to hold libations or offerings for the dead. \n \n the bronze situla was frequently adorned with intricate designs, including reliefs, figures, and decorative motifs that reflected roman artistic and cultural values. common themes depicted on these vessels included mythological scenes, religious symbols, or images of animals and plants. the detailed craftsmanship of the bronze situlae highlights the skill of roman metalworkers, who used techniques like casting, engraving, and embossing to create both functional and decorative items. these objects were highly valued not only for their practical use but also for their artistic and symbolic significance, especially when used in temples or placed in tombs as grave goods. \n \n in a broader cultural sense, roman situlae in bronze exemplify the roman blending of utility and aesthetics. these vessels were practical in everyday activities, such as bathing or household chores, yet they also served as important symbols of status and piety in religious and funerary contexts. the discovery of bronze situlae in archaeological sites across the roman empire, from italy to provinces like gaul and britain, underscores their widespread use and the cultural exchange that defined roman material culture."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"32","title":{"es":"roman situla"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17405/view","directSalePrice":350,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.194Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17405,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17406/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17406/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17406/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17406/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17406/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17406/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting an eagle \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 21 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in the roman period, the eagle held profound symbolic significance and was often associated with power, authority, and divine protection. eagles were revered in roman mythology as symbols of jupiter, the king of the gods, and were also closely linked to the roman military, where they served as emblems of roman legions and standards. the eagle was considered a sacred bird, embodying qualities such as strength, courage, and victory, and its imagery was frequently used in various forms of roman art, including jewelry such as rings. \n \n eagles depicted on roman rings served both decorative and symbolic purposes. these rings often featured intricately carved or engraved eagle motifs, showcasing the craftsmanship and artistry of roman jewelers. eagle rings were worn by individuals of all social classes and genders, serving as symbols of allegiance to the roman state, military prowess, or personal status and prestige. \n \n the symbolism of the eagle in roman rings extended beyond its associations with military might and divine protection. eagles were also considered guardians of the soul and guides to the afterlife in roman funerary beliefs. rings adorned with eagle motifs may have been worn as talismans or amulets believed to offer protection and guidance to the wearer in this life and the next."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"33","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17406/view","directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.195Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17406,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":250,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17407/008/008.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bust of minerva \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 85 mm x 38 mm x 37 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house, ex private collection, acquired before 1975 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman minerva was one of the principal deities in roman mythology, revered as the goddess of wisdom, warfare, arts, and crafts. originating from the etruscan goddess menrva, minerva was later syncretized with the greek goddess athena, carrying over many of the same attributes. minerva was particularly associated with strategic warfare, in contrast to mars, who symbolized the chaotic aspects of war. she was also celebrated for her intellect and skill in various creative endeavors, such as weaving, sculpture, and music. as the embodiment of rational thought and skilled labor, minerva held a unique place in roman society, embodying the values of intelligence and discipline. \n \n minerva's worship was central to roman religion, particularly within the capitoline triad, where she was venerated alongside jupiter and juno. her most important temple was located on the capitoline hill in rome, underscoring her significance in state religion. the festival of quinquatria, held in her honor each march, was a major religious event celebrated by craftsmen, soldiers, and scholars. during this festival, sacrifices and rituals were performed to gain minerva\u2019s favor in their respective fields, showcasing her wide-ranging influence over both intellectual and military pursuits. \n \n in roman art and literature, minerva is typically depicted wearing armor, including a helmet, and holding a shield and spear, signifying her warrior aspect, though her expression and posture often convey a sense of calm authority and wisdom. her association with the owl, a symbol of wisdom, further cemented her role as the goddess of knowledge. through her, romans admired the balance of intellect and strength, reflecting their own societal values. minerva's legacy, like her greek counterpart athena, influenced not only religious practices but also the arts, education, and roman cultural identity, making her a deeply revered figure in both private devotion and public life."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"34","title":{"es":"roman bust of minerva"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17407/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":250,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:18.774Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17407,"dimensions":{"depth":3.7},"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":60,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17408/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17408/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17408/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17408/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ibex figurine \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age, luristan \n \n period: 1600 - 1000 b.c \n \n dimensions: 42 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, collected before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n ibex figurines from the luristan period are fascinating artifacts that provide insights into the artistic and cultural achievements of ancient civilizations in what is now modern-day western iran. these figurines, typically crafted from bronze using the lost-wax casting technique, depict ibexes with distinctive curved horns and stylized features. they were produced during the iron age in the region of luristan, which was home to a diverse array of peoples and cultures known for their metallurgical skills and nomadic lifestyles. \n \n the ibex, with its graceful form and imposing horns, held symbolic significance in the religious and cultural beliefs of ancient societies in the near east. in luristan, ibex figurines may have been associated with rituals, ceremonies, or beliefs related to hunting, fertility, or spiritual protection. the choice to depict ibexes in bronze reflects the importance of these animals in the lives of the people of luristan, who relied on hunting for sustenance and survival in their rugged mountainous environment. \n \n the craftsmanship and artistry evident in luristan ibex figurines highlight the technical mastery and creative expression of ancient luristan metallurgists. these figurines showcase the skillful manipulation of bronze to create lifelike representations of ibexes, capturing the essence of these animals with remarkable detail and precision. additionally, the stylized and abstracted features of the ibex figurines suggest a symbolic or ritualistic purpose, inviting further exploration into the religious beliefs and cultural practices of the people of luristan during the iron age."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"35","title":{"es":"bronze age, luristan ibex figurine"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17408/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":60,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:18.776Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17408,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":1200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17409/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17409/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17409/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17409/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17409/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17409/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: votive / offering cup (foundation deposit) with the cartouche of pharaoh ramesses iii with inscription 'the lord of crowns, ramses, ruler of heliopolis (beloved of) osiris lord of rosetau (egyptian name for giza)' \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: new kingdom, reign of ramses iii, 1184 - 1153 b.c \n \n dimensions: 56 mm x 36 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, collector and antiques dealer, acquired before the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n votive cups, often made from materials like alabaster, faience, or stone, were placed in temples or buried as foundation deposits to invoke divine favor and ensure the protection of a sacred space. the cartouche of pharaoh ramesses iii, prominently displayed on the cup, signifies his role in commissioning the object, either as an offering to the gods or as a marker of royal authority during the construction of religious structures. ramesses iii, a powerful ruler of the new kingdom\u2019s 20th dynasty, was known for his dedication to the gods, and objects like this cup reflect the close relationship between pharaonic power and divine worship. \n \n the inclusion of ramesses iii's cartouche on this votive cup symbolizes not only his personal devotion to the gods but also his desire to connect his reign with the eternal protection of the divine. the cartouche, an oval-shaped inscription that encircles the pharaoh\u2019s name, served as a powerful symbol of his identity and rule. by placing his cartouche on religious objects like this cup, ramesses iii ensured that his name would be associated with the divine realm, solidifying his legacy both in the eyes of the gods and future generations. foundation deposits, which often included such votive objects, were typically buried beneath temples or statues to sanctify the construction and guarantee divine favor for the building's longevity. \n \n these votive cups, along with other foundation deposits, offer valuable insight into the religious practices and material culture of ancient egypt. they reveal the intricate relationship between rulers, religion, and monumental architecture. the careful crafting of these objects, often bearing inscriptions and royal symbols, reflects the high value placed on ensuring that both the physical and spiritual realms were protected. the votive cup with ramesses iii\u2019s cartouche is a prime example of how pharaohs used art and religious offerings to assert their divine right to rule and their connection to the gods, illustrating the essential role of votive offerings in egyptian religious and political life."},"estimateMax":2500,"lotNumber":"36","title":{"es":"egyptian votive / offering cup (foundation deposit) with the cartouche of pharaoh ramesses iii"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17409/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esinternational_african","esinternational","esinternational_all","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.114Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,000 - \u20ac2,500","currency":"EUR","id":17409,"estimateMin":2000},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17410/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17410/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17410/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17410/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 32 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, oxfordshire, acquired from alan cherry of bournemouth between 2003 - 2005 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets, known as fascina (plural of fascinum), were widespread symbols of protection, particularly against the evil eye, in roman culture. these small, often intricately carved amulets typically depicted the male genitalia and were considered potent talismans for warding off negative influences and harmful magic. the romans believed that the image of the phallus had the power to avert misfortune and bring good luck, due to its association with fertility, strength, and vitality. phallic amulets could be made from materials such as bronze, bone, or terracotta, and were worn as jewelry or placed in homes, businesses, and even public spaces like crossroads and gates to ensure protective benefits. \n \n these amulets were not limited to personal adornment but were also incorporated into broader social and religious contexts. in roman households, phallic symbols could be found on doorways or incorporated into the decor to protect the home from malevolent spirits. additionally, children, who were considered particularly vulnerable to harm, were often given phallic amulets to wear around their necks or as part of their clothing to shield them from danger. the presence of these symbols in everyday life reflects the deeply ingrained superstitious beliefs in ancient roman society, where the need for protection was a constant concern. \n \n beyond their apotropaic (warding-off) function, phallic amulets also reflected roman attitudes toward sexuality and masculinity. the open display of the phallus was not considered vulgar but rather a symbol of life, virility, and generative power. this frankness about sexual symbols stood in contrast to later cultural norms and reveals the roman perspective on sexuality as a natural and essential force."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"37","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17410/view","directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.199Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17410,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":3800,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/011/011.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/012/012.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/013/013.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17411/014/014.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a fat lady \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, tang dynasty \n \n period: 618 - 907 a.d \n \n dimensions: 645 mm x 260 mm x 180 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes thermoluminescence test by laboratory kotalla (reference 04b101123). includes certificate of authenticity from dutch gallery \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired from dutch art gallery \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n due to the fragility of this piece, it can only be shipped within the european union, united kingdom and neighbouring countries that can be transported by road by private courier (door to door) and costs 350 euros, 150 euros for spain. \n \n this beautifully-finished ceramic attendant was made during what many consider to be china\u2019s golden age, the tang dynasty. it was at this point that china\u2019s outstanding technological and aesthetic achievements opened to external influences, resulting in the introduction of numerous new forms of self-expression, coupled with internal innovation and considerable social freedom. the tang dynasty also saw the birth of the printed novel, significant musical and theatrical heritage and many of china\u2019s best- known painters and artists. \n \n the tang dynasty was created on the 18th of june, 618 ad, when the li family seized power from the last crumbling remnants of the preceding sui dynasty. this political and regal regime was long-lived, and lasted for almost 300 years. the imperial aspirations of the preceding periods and early tang leaders led to unprecedented wealth, resulting in considerable socioeconomic stability, the development of trade networks and vast urbanisation for china\u2019s exploding population (estimated at around 50 million people in the 8th century ad). the tang rulers took cues from earlier periods, maintaining many of their administrative structures and systems intact. even when dynastic and governmental institutions withdrew from management of the empire towards the end of the period \u2013 their authority undermined by localised rebellions and regional governors known as jiedushi \u2013the systems were so well- established that they continued to operate regardless. \n \n the artworks created during this era are among china\u2019s greatest cultural achievements. it was the greatest age for chinese poetry and painting, and sculpture also developed (although there was a notable decline in buddhist sculptures following repression of the faith by pro-taoism administrations later in the regime). it is disarming to note that the eventual decline of imperial power, followed by the official end of the dynasty on the 4th of june 907, hardly affected the great artistic turnover. \n \n during the tang dynasty, restrictions were placed on the number of objects that could be included in tombs, an amount determined by an individual\u2019s social rank. in spite of the limitations, a striking variety of tomb furnishings \u2013 known as mingqi \u2013 have been excavated. entire retinues of ceramic figures \u2013 representing warriors, animals, entertainers, musicians, guardians and every other necessary category of assistant \u2013 were buried with the dead in order to provide for the afterlife. warriors (lokapala) were put in place to defend the dead, while horses/ camels were provided for transport, and officials to run his estate in the hereafter. of all the various types of mingqi, however, there are none more elegant or charming than the sculptures of sophisticated female courtiers, known \u2013 rather unfairly \u2013 as \u201cfat ladies\u201d. these wonderfully expressionistic sculptures represent the idealised beauty of tang dynasty china, while also demonstrating sculptural mastery in exaggerating characteristics for effect, and for sheer elegance of execution. \n \n it is likely that the original purpose of the figure was that of a mingqi, terracotta figures designed to be included in a burial in order to accompany the deceased in the afterlife for protection, service and companionship. \n \n they included daily utensils, musical instruments, weapons, armor, and intimate objects such as the deceased\u2019s cap, can and bamboo mat. mingqi also could include figurines, spiritual representations rather than real people, of soldiers, servants, musicians, polo riders, houses, and horses. extensive use of mingqi during certain periods may either have been an attempt to preserve the image of ritual propriety by cutting costs, or it may have a new idea separating the realm of the dead from that of the living. \n \n though these were particularly popular during the tang dynasty (618-906 ad), mingqi from a broad range of historical periods have been found, with this piece acting as a particularly early example of the practice."},"estimateMax":6500,"lotNumber":"38","title":{"es":"chinese, tang dynasty statuette of a fat lady with thermoluminescence test (tl)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17411/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":3800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:18.778Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac5,500 - \u20ac6,500","currency":"EUR","id":17411,"dimensions":{"depth":18},"estimateMin":5500},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17412/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17412/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17412/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17412/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17412/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: augustus mount \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes old dealer's ticket. \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex walter steinberg collection, acquired from london art market between 1960s - 1970s. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman emperor augustus, born gaius octavius in 63 bce, was the first emperor of rome and one of the most significant figures in roman history. after the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father, julius caesar, in 44 bce, augustus (then known as octavian) navigated the chaotic power struggles of the roman republic. his military and political prowess led him to defeat key rivals, including mark antony and cleopatra, in the battle of actium in 31 bce. with these victories, augustus consolidated power and, in 27 bce, was granted the title augustus by the roman senate, marking the end of the republic and the beginning of the roman empire under his rule. \n \n augustus\u2019 reign, which lasted from 27 bce to 14 ce, is known for its relative peace and prosperity, a period often referred to as the pax romana (roman peace). he implemented widespread reforms in government, finance, and infrastructure, stabilizing the empire after years of civil war. augustus was a skilled administrator who worked to rebuild rome, famously stating that he \"found rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.\" he expanded the empire\u2019s borders and established a professional standing army, while also developing a more structured provincial administration. these reforms laid the foundation for the empire's long-term stability and expansion. \n \n augustus also understood the power of propaganda and carefully crafted his image as the ideal leader. through literature, monuments, and coins, he presented himself as a restorer of peace and traditional roman values, emphasizing his connection to the gods, particularly apollo. the famous ara pacis (altar of peace) and his res gestae (inscribed achievements) celebrated his accomplishments and reinforced his role as rome\u2019s divinely favored ruler. augustus' legacy endured long after his death in 14 ce, as he established the imperial system that would govern rome for centuries and became a model for future emperors."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"39","title":{"es":"roman augustus mount"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17412/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:05:00.253Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17412,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17413/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17413/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17413/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 50 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. from old european collection, acquired in múnich in the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in ancient roman society, used for securing doors, chests, and other locked items, reflecting both practical utility and social status. typically made from materials like bronze or iron, roman keys were often small and intricately designed to fit into complex locks, which were a common feature in roman homes, shops, and public buildings. the locks they operated were generally made of wood or metal and could be quite sophisticated, incorporating pin-and-tumbler mechanisms similar to modern locks. keys were often carried on a person, and their design sometimes included a ring-shaped handle, allowing them to double as finger rings, a practical solution that made them easy to carry and also a display of wealth or status. \n \n keys held symbolic value in roman society as well. for wealthy romans, owning and using keys was a marker of personal security and control over valuable goods, such as money, jewelry, and important documents. the presence of keys signified that someone had possessions worth safeguarding, and they could also represent authority and independence, particularly for roman women. a key ring given to a bride on her wedding day, for example, symbolized her new role as the manager of the household and its resources. keys thus became more than functional objects\u2014they were symbols of trust and responsibility in both personal and public life. \n \n in addition to their daily use in homes and businesses, roman keys have been found in tombs and burial sites, signifying their importance even in death. keys placed in graves could represent the deceased's continued guardianship over their possessions or symbolize their journey to the afterlife, unlocking the gates of the underworld. the craftsmanship and materials used in roman keys provide insight into the technological advancements of the time, as well as the social and economic conditions in which they were created. these small but significant objects tell us much about roman security practices, social norms, and the values attached to ownership and authority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"40","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17413/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.815Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17413,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":250,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17414/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17414/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17414/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17414/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17414/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of infant bacchus \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 70 mm x 47 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired in the late 1960s-early 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman depiction of bacchus as an infant highlights the god\u2019s dual nature as both a figure of fertility, growth, and indulgence. bacchus, known as dionysus in greek mythology, was the god of wine, revelry, and ecstasy, but his role as a symbol of natural fertility and rebirth is emphasized in images of him as a child. the portrayal of bacchus as an infant often emphasizes his connection to the cycles of nature, growth, and the harvest, reinforcing his association with the bountiful gifts of the earth, particularly wine. these images were common in roman art, appearing in sculptures, frescoes, and reliefs, often showing the baby bacchus in the care of nymphs, satyrs, or his adoptive father, silenus. \n \n in roman art, the infant bacchus is frequently depicted surrounded by symbols of abundance, such as grapevines, ivy, and animals like leopards, which were sacred to him. these representations often had a playful, carefree quality, celebrating the innocence of youth while also foreshadowing bacchus's later role as the god of ecstatic joy and uncontrolled revelry. the portrayal of bacchus as a child often invoked themes of growth and the passage from childhood to adulthood, mirroring the way the vine grows and matures before it produces wine. his imagery served as a reminder of the eternal cycle of birth, growth, decay, and renewal that governed not only the natural world but also human existence. \n \n the infant bacchus also carried significant religious and cultural meaning in roman society. as the god who brought the art of winemaking to humanity, his childlike form could symbolize the nurturing care required for cultivating vineyards, reflecting both agricultural labor and divine blessing. additionally, bacchus was closely linked to mystery cults, where his role as a symbol of rebirth and eternal life was central. devotees of bacchus, particularly in the bacchic mysteries, would celebrate him not just as the god of wine, but as a deity who represented life\u2019s transformations and the liberation of the soul. thus, the image of bacchus as an infant encapsulates both his nurturing, fertile aspect and his later association with spiritual release and celebration."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"41","title":{"es":"roman statuette of infant bacchus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17414/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":250,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:22.066Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17414,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17415/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17415/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17415/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17415/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17415/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: harpocrates pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired between 1965 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n harpocrates pendants from the roman period represent a fascinating blend of egyptian and greco-roman religious symbolism. harpocrates, originally the greek version of the egyptian god horus, was depicted as a child and was associated with secrecy, silence, and protection. in roman times, this deity was often portrayed in amulets and pendants as a youthful figure, with his finger to his lips, symbolizing silence and mystery. these pendants were typically worn as protective charms, believed to ward off evil, especially the \"evil eye, \" and bring good fortune to the wearer. crafted from materials like gold, silver, bronze, and even faience, these pendants were popular not only for their religious significance but also for their aesthetic appeal. \n \n the image of harpocrates as a child with his finger to his lips was especially potent in roman culture, where it symbolized discretion and the power of hidden knowledge. the romans, who had incorporated many egyptian deities into their pantheon, embraced harpocrates as a symbol of silence and wisdom. his association with secrecy also tied into the mystery religions of the roman empire, such as the cult of isis, where harpocrates was seen as a protector of sacred mysteries. in these contexts, wearing a harpocrates pendant might have symbolized a personal connection to divine secrets or a role in one of the many secretive religious groups that flourished during the roman period. \n \n additionally, harpocrates pendants were often associated with fertility and new beginnings. as the youthful form of horus, the child god of the sun, harpocrates symbolized the dawning of new life and the potential for growth and regeneration. this made his image popular among those seeking protection for children or hoping to ensure fertility and safe childbirth. the popularity of harpocrates pendants across the roman empire highlights the cross-cultural exchange between egyptian, greek, and roman traditions, with the image of the god evolving to reflect roman values while retaining its roots in egyptian religion."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"42","title":{"es":"roman harpocrates pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17415/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.817Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17415,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":3800,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17416/010/010.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a horse \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, northern wei dynasty \n \n period: 386 \u2013 535 a.d \n \n dimensions: 404 mm x 350 mm x 230 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes thermoluminescence test by laboratory kotalla (reference 02pr180521) \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection (2022), ex english art gallery, ex english private collection, ex hong kong art collector, acquired in the early 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the northern wei dynasty, which reigned from 386 to 534 ad, was a pivotal period in chinese history characterized by a fusion of nomadic and han chinese cultural influences. founded by the tuoba clan of the xianbei people, the dynasty was marked by significant territorial expansion and cultural achievements. the northern wei dynasty played a crucial role in the sinicization of northern china, adopting many aspects of han chinese culture while retaining elements of their own nomadic heritage. this period saw advancements in art, literature, and buddhism, with the latter becoming the state religion during the reign of emperor xiaowen, who initiated policies to sinicize the dynasty further. \n \n one of the remarkable cultural artifacts from the northern wei dynasty is the horse minqi statuettes. these miniature horse sculptures, typically crafted from ceramic, are renowned for their exquisite detail and craftsmanship. the horse minqi statuettes are believed to have served various purposes, including burial goods, offerings, and decorative items. they often depict horses in dynamic poses, capturing the vitality and grace of these animals. some sculptures also feature riders, reflecting the importance of horsemanship and cavalry in northern wei society. \n \n the horse minqi statuettes not only showcase the artistic achievements of the northern wei dynasty but also provide valuable insights into the cultural and military practices of the time. horses held great significance in nomadic cultures, symbolizing power, mobility, and prestige. as such, the production of these statuettes highlights the importance of horses in northern wei society, both in practical terms, such as transportation and warfare, and in symbolic and cultural contexts.your antiquarian offers ancient art and ancient coins. our main objective is to offer the highest quality at the best price respecting and strictly complying with the laws of heritage protection and unesco heritage norms. therefore, all the pieces that are published come from private collections in which the provenance can be checked or international auctions. all our antiquities and coins are accompanied by their certificate of authenticity. we have a no quibble 90 days return policy. at your antiquarian we are committed to helping disadvantaged groups and for this reason a portion of each purchase is donated to charities to help people in need."},"estimateMax":6500,"lotNumber":"43","title":{"es":"chinese, tang dynasty statuette of a horse with thermoluminescence test (tl)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17416/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":3800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:22.069Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac5,500 - \u20ac6,500","currency":"EUR","id":17416,"dimensions":{"depth":23},"estimateMin":5500},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17417/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17417/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17417/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17417/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17417/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab for pharaoh apopi ii \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: second intermediate period, 15th dynasty, 1580 - 1540 b.c \n \n dimensions: 13 mm x 8 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice.  apopi ii, also known as apepi ii or apophis ii, was a significant figure in ancient egyptian history during the second intermediate period, particularly in the hyksos-controlled region of lower egypt. he ruled as a pharaoh of the 15th dynasty and is believed to have reigned around the 16th century bce. apopi ii's reign was marked by political instability and conflict, as he faced challenges from both local egyptian rulers and foreign powers such as the theban kings in upper egypt.  scarab amulets were prevalent during the egyptian period, including the time of apopi ii. scarabs were small, beetle-shaped amulets carved from various materials such as stone, faience, or precious metals like gold. these amulets were highly symbolic and held significant religious and cultural importance in ancient egyptian society. scarabs were associated with the god khepri, who represented the rising sun and the cycle of rebirth and regeneration.  scarab amulets were often inscribed with hieroglyphic texts or decorative motifs, including protective spells, personal names, or religious symbols. they were worn as jewelry or carried as talismans, believed to bring good luck, protection, and spiritual guidance to the wearer. scarab amulets were also used in funerary rituals and placed in tombs as offerings to accompany the deceased into the afterlife. overall, scarab amulets were powerful symbols of eternity, transformation, and divine protection in ancient egyptian culture, embodying the beliefs and values of the civilization."},"estimateMax":450,"lotNumber":"44","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab for hyksos pharaoh apopi ii, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17417/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.820Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac350 - \u20ac450","currency":"EUR","id":17417,"estimateMin":350},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17418/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17418/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17418/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17418/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 20 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired in the late 1960s-early 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in ancient roman society, used for securing doors, chests, and other locked items, reflecting both practical utility and social status. typically made from materials like bronze or iron, roman keys were often small and intricately designed to fit into complex locks, which were a common feature in roman homes, shops, and public buildings. the locks they operated were generally made of wood or metal and could be quite sophisticated, incorporating pin-and-tumbler mechanisms similar to modern locks. keys were often carried on a person, and their design sometimes included a ring-shaped handle, allowing them to double as finger rings, a practical solution that made them easy to carry and also a display of wealth or status. \n \n keys held symbolic value in roman society as well. for wealthy romans, owning and using keys was a marker of personal security and control over valuable goods, such as money, jewelry, and important documents. the presence of keys signified that someone had possessions worth safeguarding, and they could also represent authority and independence, particularly for roman women. a key ring given to a bride on her wedding day, for example, symbolized her new role as the manager of the household and its resources. keys thus became more than functional objects\u2014they were symbols of trust and responsibility in both personal and public life. \n \n in addition to their daily use in homes and businesses, roman keys have been found in tombs and burial sites, signifying their importance even in death. keys placed in graves could represent the deceased's continued guardianship over their possessions or symbolize their journey to the afterlife, unlocking the gates of the underworld. the craftsmanship and materials used in roman keys provide insight into the technological advancements of the time, as well as the social and economic conditions in which they were created. these small but significant objects tell us much about roman security practices, social norms, and the values attached to ownership and authority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"45","title":{"es":"roman key ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17418/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":45,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.821Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17418,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":250,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17419/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17419/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17419/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17419/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with marcus aurelius denarius. obverse: m antoninvs avg tr p xxviii , laureate head right. reverse: imp vi cos iii , marcus aurelius standing left, holding branch and scepter. references: ric iii 296 and sear 4906 \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 173 - 174 a.d \n \n dimensions: 24 mm x 25 mm, 20 mm diameter (inside). 24 eu, 10,5 usa. \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade silver ring. \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in austrian auction house (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n marcus aurelius was a roman emperor from 161 to 180 ce, best known for his philosophical outlook and his embodiment of the \"philosopher-king\" ideal. born in 121 ce, marcus aurelius came from a prominent family and was adopted by emperor antoninus pius, who groomed him to be his successor. marcus aurelius was heavily influenced by stoicism, a philosophical school that emphasized rationality, self-discipline, and virtue as the highest values in life. his personal writings, known as the meditations, provide a remarkable insight into his stoic beliefs and are still studied today as a profound work of ethical philosophy. unlike many of his predecessors, marcus aurelius was deeply introspective and sought to rule in accordance with wisdom, justice, and humility, aiming to balance his philosophical ideals with the practical demands of leading an empire. \n \n despite his intellectual nature, marcus aurelius\u2019 reign was marked by nearly constant military conflict, particularly along the northern borders of the roman empire. he spent much of his time as emperor on campaign, defending rome from germanic and other barbarian tribes that threatened the empire\u2019s stability. these military challenges, combined with a devastating plague that swept through the empire during his rule, made marcus aurelius' reign one of struggle and hardship. nevertheless, he is often remembered for his perseverance and commitment to his duties as emperor, striving to maintain the empire's security while upholding his moral values. \n \n marcus aurelius\u2019 legacy is complex. on the one hand, he is remembered as one of the \"five good emperors, \" a ruler who governed with wisdom, fairness, and a deep sense of duty. his meditations continues to inspire thinkers, scholars, and leaders for its profound insights into leadership, ethics, and personal responsibility. on the other hand, his death marked the end of the pax romana, the long period of relative peace and stability in the roman empire. his decision to allow his son commodus to succeed him ultimately led to instability, as commodus' misrule contributed to the empire's eventual decline. nonetheless, marcus aurelius remains a figure of great admiration, both as a philosopher and as a conscientious ruler."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"46","title":{"es":"ring with marcus aurelius denarius"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17419/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":250,"soldPrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:22.071Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17419,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":1300,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17420/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sarcophagus lid \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: canaanite \n \n period: 1400 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 270 mm x 157 mm x 35 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the canaanite sarcophagus lid is an extraordinary artifact that sheds light on the burial practices and artistic traditions of the ancient canaanite civilization, which flourished in the levant region from the bronze age to the iron age. these lids, typically crafted from stone such as limestone, were designed to cover sarcophagi, or stone coffins, that housed the deceased. the lids often featured intricate carvings and reliefs, reflecting both the artistic abilities of the canaanites and their beliefs about the afterlife. many canaanite sarcophagi, particularly from the late bronze age, show a fusion of egyptian and local canaanite influences, indicating the strong cultural exchange between these civilizations. \n \n one notable characteristic of canaanite sarcophagus lids is the stylized human face or mask often carved into the stone. this representation of the deceased, though somewhat abstract, was believed to honor and preserve the identity of the individual in the afterlife. the facial features, typically simple and symmetrical, were not highly personalized but followed conventional designs, which might have reflected the canaanite belief in the continuity of the soul beyond physical death. some lids also include decorative motifs, such as geometric patterns or symbols of fertility and protection, which were thought to ensure safe passage to the afterlife. \n \n the canaanite sarcophagus lid not only functioned as a protective seal for the body but also held religious and social significance. the craftsmanship and level of decoration on a sarcophagus and its lid could indicate the social status of the individual buried within. wealthy or elite individuals were more likely to be interred in sarcophagi adorned with elaborate carvings and inscriptions. these artifacts provide valuable insights into canaanite funerary customs, religious beliefs, and their interactions with neighboring cultures like egypt. they are key pieces of evidence for understanding the broader canaanite civilization and its place in the ancient world."},"estimateMax":2200,"lotNumber":"47","title":{"es":"canaanite sarcophagus lid, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17420/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esinternational_middleeastern","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":1300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:22.072Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,800 - \u20ac2,200","currency":"EUR","id":17420,"dimensions":{"depth":3.5},"estimateMin":1800},{"startPrice":500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17421/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17421/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17421/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17421/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17421/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of priapus \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 68 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house, ex english private collection, acquired before 1975. \n \n parallel: portable antiquities scheme, id ess-e6f9e3 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman priapus was a deity associated with fertility, gardens, and agricultural productivity, embodying a blend of agricultural, sexual, and protective functions. originating from greek mythology, where he was known as priapos, the roman version retained many of his attributes and was widely venerated in rural and agricultural contexts. priapus was typically depicted with an exaggeratedly large phallus, symbolizing his role in fertility and the protection of gardens and livestock. this depiction, while often considered crude by modern standards, was intended to emphasize his power to ensure the fertility of the land and the prosperity of crops. \n \n priapus was also regarded as a guardian deity, protecting against theft and misfortune, particularly in agricultural settings. in roman households and gardens, small statues or amulets of priapus were placed to ward off evil spirits and safeguard the fertility of plants and animals. his presence was believed to bring good fortune and ensure the productivity of the land. additionally, priapus was sometimes invoked in magical rituals and incantations to enhance the effectiveness of agricultural practices and to protect against pests and diseases that could harm crops and livestock. \n \n despite his often humorous and somewhat irreverent representation, priapus held a significant role in roman religion and everyday life. his worship highlights the romans' practical approach to religion, where deities were not only revered for their divine qualities but also for their ability to influence and enhance the practical aspects of life. priapus' association with fertility and protection underscores the importance of agricultural success in roman society, reflecting the deep connection between religion and agriculture in the roman world. his imagery and cult offer insight into the roman attitudes towards fertility, sexuality, and the practicalities of rural life."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"48","title":{"es":"roman statuette of priapus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17421/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:22.074Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac700 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17421,"estimateMin":700},{"startPrice":200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17422/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17422/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17422/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17422/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: child's toy with silver inlay (fragment) \n \n material: bronze and silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 58 mm x 110 mm x 75 mm each, 10 mm x 45 mnm diameter (spare pieces) \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house, ex north west london gallery, acquired in a 1980s collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman bronze chariot toy is a fascinating artifact that offers insights into roman childhood and leisure activities, as well as the craftsmanship of roman metalworkers. these small-scale chariots, often made from bronze, were designed as miniature replicas of the larger, ceremonial chariots used in races and processions. typically featuring detailed designs, including miniature wheels, horses, and sometimes even tiny riders, these toys were intended to mimic the grandeur of actual roman chariotry. the craftsmanship of these toys reflects the high level of skill and attention to detail employed by roman artisans, showcasing their ability to create both functional and decorative objects. \n \n roman chariot toys were likely popular among children of affluent families, as they represent a luxury item that required a degree of wealth to afford. these toys could serve not only as playthings but also as status symbols, reflecting the social standing of their owners. the design and quality of the chariot toys often mirrored the elaborate chariots used in public games and spectacles, underscoring the cultural significance of chariot racing in roman society. chariot racing was a major public entertainment in rome, and these toys allowed children to engage with and emulate the excitement of these events in their own play. \n \n the presence of these bronze chariot toys in archaeological finds provides valuable insights into roman social life and the material culture of childhood. they offer a glimpse into the recreational activities enjoyed by roman children and highlight the importance of chariot racing in roman culture."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"49","title":{"es":"roman child's toy with silver inlay (fragment)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17422/view","tags":["escollectibles_toys","escollectibles_dollsminiatures","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.823Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17422,"dimensions":{"depth":7.5},"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":400,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17423/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: knife with silver inlay and jupiter head \n \n material: bronze and silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 100 mm x 8 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired between 1965 - 1975 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jupiter, known as jupiter in latin and jupiter optimus maximus, was the chief deity in the roman pantheon and played a central role in the religious and political life of ancient rome. as the king of the gods, jupiter was associated with the sky, thunder, and lightning, and he was considered the protector of the state and its laws. his role was analogous to that of zeus in greek mythology, from whom many of his attributes and myths were borrowed. jupiter's position as the supreme deity meant that he was venerated in numerous temples and had a significant influence on roman rituals and public ceremonies. \n \n one of the most prominent symbols of jupiter was the thunderbolt, which he wielded as a weapon to maintain order and enforce justice. his primary temple, the temple of jupiter optimus maximus on the capitoline hill in rome, was the most important religious site in the city. this grand temple, completed in 509 bce and rebuilt several times, served as a focal point for state rituals and ceremonies. jupiter was honored with grand festivals such as the ludi romani, which celebrated his role as the guardian of rome and the roman people. these public ceremonies were central to the roman state religion, reinforcing jupiter's significance in maintaining the stability and success of the empire. \n \n jupiter's influence extended beyond religious practices into the realm of politics and imperial ideology. roman emperors often associated themselves with jupiter to legitimize their rule and connect their reigns with divine authority. this connection was particularly evident in the adoption of titles and symbols associated with jupiter, which were used to convey the emperor's role as a protector and ruler sanctioned by the gods."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"50","title":{"es":"roman knife with silver inlay and jupiter head"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17423/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_knives","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:22.075Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac600 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17423,"estimateMin":600},{"startPrice":350,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17424/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17424/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17424/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a germanic captive \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the depiction of the germanic captive in the roman period provides a glimpse into the complex and often tumultuous relationships between rome and the various germanic tribes. roman art and literature frequently featured germanic captives, especially in the context of military triumphs and conquests. these depictions served multiple purposes: they were symbols of roman victory and dominance, and they also functioned as a means of showcasing the power and reach of the roman empire. captives were often displayed in a way that emphasized their role in the roman military narrative, symbolizing the subjugation of rome\u2019s enemies and the expansion of its territorial control. \n \n one of the most notable examples of this portrayal is found in roman monumental art, such as the reliefs on the arch of titus and the column of trajan. these monuments commemorate military victories and often include scenes of captive germanic warriors in chains or being led in procession through rome. such imagery was designed to convey the might of the roman empire and to celebrate the emperor\u2019s achievements. the depiction of these captives, typically shown with distinctive germanic features and attire, underscored the contrast between the \u2018civilized\u2019 romans and their \u2018barbarian\u2019 adversaries, reinforcing roman cultural and ideological superiority. \n \n the treatment and portrayal of germanic captives also reflect broader themes in roman attitudes toward the germanic tribes. while captives were often shown in a humiliating or subdued state, roman authors and officials sometimes depicted them with a degree of respect for their warrior ethos and resistance. this duality illustrates the complexity of roman interactions with the germanic tribes\u2014while they were seen as formidable enemies, there was also an acknowledgment of their strength and valor"},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"51","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a germanic captive"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17424/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":350,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.658Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17424,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":300,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17425/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl with floral decoration \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 70 mm x 104 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n terra sigillata, also known as stamped or sigillata ware, was a popular form of fine red pottery produced from the late republican period through the early roman empire. these vessels were distinguished by their smooth, glossy surfaces and often featured elaborate decorations. floral motifs were among the most common and favored designs, reflecting both aesthetic preferences and symbolic meanings. the floral patterns, which could include stylized flowers, leaves, and vines, were often impressed or stamped into the clay before firing, showcasing the skill of roman potters and their attention to detail. \n \n the use of floral decoration on terra sigillata vessels was not merely ornamental but also carried symbolic significance. flowers and plants were associated with fertility, abundance, and natural beauty, which were important themes in roman culture. the decorative elements on these vessels could also signify the owner\u2019s social status, as high-quality terra sigillata was often used in affluent households and during banquets. the elegance and artistry of the floral designs contributed to the overall aesthetic appeal of the vessels, making them highly prized for both their functional and decorative qualities. they were used in various settings, including domestic dining, religious rituals, and public feasts, reflecting the integration of art into daily roman life. \n \n the production of terra sigillata vessels with floral decoration also highlights the advanced techniques and trade practices of roman pottery. the vessels were manufactured in several key production centers across the roman empire, including regions in italy, gaul, and the eastern provinces. these centers were known for their distinctive styles and quality, which influenced the spread and popularity of terra sigillata ware throughout the empire. the floral motifs on these vessels were not only a testament to roman artistic sensibilities but also played a role in the broader trade networks that distributed these goods across vast distances."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"52","title":{"es":"roman bowl with floral decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17425/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.660Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17425,"dimensions":{"depth":10.4},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17426/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17426/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17426/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17426/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: spearhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 150 mm x 40 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n bronze age spearheads are crucial artifacts for understanding the technological and cultural developments of the bronze age, which spanned from approximately 3300 to 1200 bce in europe and the near east. these spearheads were typically made from bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, which marked a significant advancement from earlier stone-based tools and weapons. the advent of bronze technology allowed for the production of more durable and effective weapons, including spearheads that were sharper and more resilient than their stone predecessors. the design of these spearheads evolved over time, reflecting changes in military tactics, social structures, and metalworking techniques. \n \n the shape and style of bronze age spearheads varied depending on their intended use and regional influences. early examples were often simple and barbed, designed primarily for thrusting or throwing. as metallurgy advanced, more sophisticated forms emerged, including leaf-shaped and socketed spearheads, which provided greater stability and effectiveness in combat. the development of these designs not only improved the functionality of the spearheads but also indicated the increasing complexity of bronze age warfare and the professionalization of warrior classes. the variety in spearhead forms across different cultures and regions also reflects the spread of metallurgical knowledge and trade networks during this period. \n \n beyond their practical use in warfare and hunting, bronze age spearheads hold significant archaeological and cultural value. they offer insights into the technological advancements of the time, including the processes of casting and alloying metals. additionally, the presence of spearheads in burial sites often signifies the status and role of the individual interred, as well as the broader social and ceremonial practices of the bronze age societies."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"53","title":{"es":"bronze age spearhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17426/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.825Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17426,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":380,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17427/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: twisted torque \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age, europe, urnfield \n \n period: 12th - 10th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 275 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german auction house (2013) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the urnfield culture was a bronze age culture that flourished across much of europe from around 1300 to 750 bce, characterized by its widespread use of cremation burial practices and the deposition of cremated remains in urns or other ceramic vessels. one distinctive feature of the urnfield culture was the burial custom of burying the deceased along with grave goods, including pottery, weapons, tools, and personal ornaments. among the most iconic and prestigious grave goods associated with the urnfield culture are twisted bronze torques, which were worn as necklaces or ornaments by individuals of high status. \n \n twisted bronze torques are elaborate neck ornaments made from twisted or braided strands of bronze wire, typically fashioned into a circular or spiral-shaped band. these torques were prestigious symbols of wealth, power, and social status in bronze age societies, worn by elite individuals such as chieftains, warriors, or religious leaders. the craftsmanship and intricate designs of bronze torques vary across different regions and time periods within the urnfield culture, reflecting local artistic styles and cultural preferences. \n \n bronze torques were not only symbols of social status and prestige but also served ritualistic and ceremonial purposes within urnfield society. they may have been worn during important religious ceremonies, rituals, or gatherings, where they would have played a role in asserting the wearer's authority and connection to the divine. additionally, bronze torques were sometimes deposited as votive offerings in sacred places, such as rivers, lakes, or hilltop sanctuaries, as part of religious or propitiatory rituals."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"54","title":{"es":"bronze age, urnfield twisted torque"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17427/view","directSalePrice":380,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.216Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac600 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17427,"estimateMin":600},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17428/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17428/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17428/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17428/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17428/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: iron age, central asia, amlash or bactrian \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 27 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from london gallery (1970s - 2000s) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the bactrian culture thrived in the region of bactria, which encompassed parts of present-day afghanistan, uzbekistan, and tajikistan, during the bronze age, roughly from the 3rd to the 2nd millennium bce. bactria served as a crucial crossroads along the ancient silk road, connecting the civilizations of the mediterranean, central asia, china, and the indian subcontinent. the culture is known for its advanced urban centers, sophisticated metallurgy, and rich artistic traditions. bactrian art often depicted scenes of daily life, mythical creatures, and religious motifs. the bactrians are also believed to have played a significant role in the spread of early indo-iranian languages and culture. \n \n on the other hand, amlash culture was prevalent in the amlash region of northern iran during the iron age, dating roughly from the 1st millennium bce. the amlash culture is characterized by its distinctive pottery styles, including painted ceramics adorned with intricate geometric and zoomorphic designs. archaeological evidence suggests that amlash society was organized into small-scale agricultural communities, with evidence of terraced agriculture and irrigation systems. additionally, amlash culture is notable for its burial practices, which often included inhumation in cemeteries and burial mounds, sometimes accompanied by grave goods such as pottery vessels and metal objects. \n \n while the bactrian and amlash cultures developed in different time periods and geographical regions, they both represent important stages in the cultural evolution of the broader central asian and iranian regions."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"55","title":{"es":"iron age, amlash or bactrian ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17428/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:40:57.814Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17428,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17429/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17429/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17429/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17429/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mirror \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 86 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, new jersey, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bronze mirrors were essential personal items in ancient roman society, serving both practical and symbolic purposes. these mirrors were typically made from bronze, a durable alloy that could be polished to a reflective surface. roman mirrors were often small and handheld, with a circular or oval-shaped mirror plate set into a decorative bronze frame. the reverse side of the mirror often featured intricate engravings or relief decorations depicting mythological scenes, deities, or ornamental motifs. \n \n the use of bronze mirrors in ancient rome was not limited to personal grooming but extended to various social and cultural contexts. mirrors played a role in religious rituals, where they were used for divination, scrying, and other forms of magic and prophecy. in roman funerary practices, mirrors were sometimes placed in tombs as grave goods, believed to assist the deceased in the afterlife or to symbolize the transition from life to death. additionally, mirrors were prized as luxury items and status symbols, with finely crafted examples often given as gifts or heirlooms among the elite. \n \n bronze mirrors also served as important artifacts in roman art and material culture, providing valuable insights into ancient roman aesthetics, craftsmanship, and social customs. the decorative elements found on roman mirrors, such as mythological scenes, portraits, and floral motifs, reflect the artistic tastes and cultural values of the time."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"56","title":{"es":"roman mirror"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17429/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_mirrors","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.662Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17429,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17430/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17430/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17430/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17430/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17430/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a dolphin \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 24 mm x 20 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient rome, dolphins held significant symbolic meaning and were often associated with various aspects of roman life, including maritime trade, naval power, and mythology. depictions of dolphins, particularly in jewelry such as rings, were common in roman art and material culture, serving both decorative and symbolic purposes. dolphin-shaped rings were popular accessories worn by individuals of various social classes, showcasing the wearer's affinity for the sea, wealth, or personal taste. \n \n dolphin-shaped rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and precious gemstones, with each material conveying different messages and social statuses. gold dolphin rings, for example, were considered luxurious items reserved for the elite and symbolized wealth, status, and prosperity. silver and bronze dolphin rings were more affordable and accessible to the general populace, serving as fashionable accessories worn for everyday adornment and personal style. \n \n the dolphin motif in roman rings also carried symbolic significance beyond mere aesthetics. dolphins were often associated with the god neptune, the roman god of the sea, who was depicted riding dolphins in classical art and mythology. additionally, dolphins were believed to be creatures of good fortune and protection, and wearing a dolphin ring was thought to bring luck and safeguard the wearer from harm during sea voyages or maritime endeavors."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"57","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting a dolphin"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17430/view","directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:42:52.427Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17430,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":2800,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/011/011.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17431/012/012.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a sogdian rider \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, tang dynasty \n \n period: 618 - 907 a.d \n \n dimensions: 560 mm x 510 mm x 175 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes thermoluminescence test by laboratory kotalla (reference 26pr180521) \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection (2022), ex english art gallery, ex english private collection, east anglian, acquired from hong kong art market in 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n due to the fragility and size of this piece, it can only be shipped within the european union, united kingdom and neighbouring countries that can be transported by road by private courier (door to door) and costs 350 euros, 150 euros for spain. \n \n the tang dynasty (618-907 ad) in china was a period of great cultural flourishing and international exchange. during this time, the tang empire extended its influence along the silk road, facilitating vibrant trade and cultural interactions with various regions, including central asia. the sogdians, an ancient iranian people, played a significant role in these exchanges as they were prominent traders along the silk road. sogdian merchants established communities in tang china, contributing to the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the dynasty. these interactions led to the assimilation of foreign elements into tang culture, enriching it with diverse influences. \n \n one remarkable aspect of tang-sogdian cultural exchange is reflected in the depiction of sogdian riders in minqi art. minqi, or \u201cfolk art, \u201d encompassed a wide range of popular art forms in tang china, including pottery figurines. these figurines often depicted scenes of daily life, including various ethnic groups such as sogdian riders. the representation of sogdian riders in minqi art not only reflects the presence of sogdian communities in tang china but also underscores the cultural integration and exchange occurring during this period. \n \n the depiction of sogdian riders in tang dynasty minqi art provides valuable insights into the multicultural nature of tang society and its vibrant cultural exchanges along the silk road. these figurines serve as tangible evidence of the dynamic interactions between different ethnic groups and the assimilation of foreign elements into tang culture."},"estimateMax":4500,"lotNumber":"58","title":{"es":"chinese, tang dynasty statuette of a sogdian rider with thermoluminescence test (tl)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17431/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":2800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.664Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac4,000 - \u20ac4,500","currency":"EUR","id":17431,"dimensions":{"depth":17.5},"estimateMin":4000},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17432/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17432/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17432/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17432/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17432/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17432/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: column krater \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 100 mm x 112 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, j.h.e. demangeon, 1904 - 1992, acquired in 1989 from m. demangeon \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the column krater is a distinctive type of ancient greek pottery used primarily for mixing wine and water during symposia, or drinking parties. characterized by its large size and wide mouth, the column krater often features a tall, cylindrical body with handles on either side, which made it easier to pour and mix liquids. the name \"column krater\" derives from its column-like shape, a feature that differentiates it from other types of kraters, such as the bell krater and the calyx krater. the form of the column krater made it an ideal vessel for communal drinking, reflecting the importance of social gatherings in greek culture. \n \n the decorative style of column kraters varied over time, reflecting different artistic trends in greek pottery. early examples from the geometric and orientalizing periods typically showcased simple, abstract patterns and motifs. by the archaic and classical periods, however, column kraters often featured elaborate scenes depicting mythological narratives, athletic competitions, and everyday life. the red-figure technique, which emerged around the 530 bce, allowed artists to depict figures in greater detail and with more naturalistic poses compared to the earlier black-figure technique. this shift in artistic style enhanced the visual appeal and storytelling potential of the kraters. \n \n column kraters were more than just functional vessels; they were also significant as artistic and ceremonial objects. their large size and ornate decorations made them prominent features at symposia, where they served as focal points for rituals and social interaction."},"estimateMax":550,"lotNumber":"59","title":{"es":"greek column krater"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17432/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.666Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac450 - \u20ac550","currency":"EUR","id":17432,"estimateMin":450},{"startPrice":700,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17433/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: capital \n \n material: limestone \n \n culture: medieval, romanesque \n \n period: 10th - 12th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 295 mm x 272 mm x 200 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired in 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the romanesque capital is a distinctive architectural element from the romanesque period, which spanned roughly from the 10th to the 12th centuries in europe. this capital, located at the top of a column or pilaster, played a crucial role in supporting the structure of buildings such as churches and monasteries. romanesque capitals are notable for their robust and solid forms, which reflect the period's emphasis on stability and strength in architecture. unlike the more delicate and intricate capitals of the gothic period that followed, romanesque capitals were designed to carry the weight of the heavy stone ceilings and vaults characteristic of romanesque buildings. \n \n the decoration of romanesque capitals often included a variety of motifs, ranging from geometric patterns to intricate relief carvings. common themes included biblical scenes, mythological figures, and symbolic representations of animals and plants. these decorative elements served both functional and didactic purposes: they were meant to visually support the architectural structure while also conveying religious and moral messages to the predominantly illiterate populace of the time. the use of such iconography not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the capitals but also reinforced the didactic function of church architecture, serving as a visual tool for teaching religious stories and doctrines. \n \n romanesque capitals are also significant for their role in the development of medieval art and architecture. the style represents a transitional phase between the classical architecture of ancient rome and the more elaborate gothic structures that would emerge in the later middle ages. the solid, often massive appearance of romanesque capitals reflects the broader architectural trends of the period, characterized by thick walls, small windows, and a general sense of fortification."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"60","title":{"es":"medieval romanesque capital"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17433/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.667Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,000 - \u20ac1,200","currency":"EUR","id":17433,"dimensions":{"depth":20},"estimateMin":1000},{"startPrice":500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17434/008/008.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: kylix \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 162 mm x 112 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired. includes thermoluminescence test by qed laboratoire (reference qed1334/bg-0704) \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection, since at least 1978 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek kylix is a type of shallow drinking cup that was popular during the archaic and classical periods of ancient greece, from the 6th to the 4th centuries bce. kylikes were typically made from clay and featured a wide, shallow bowl with two horizontal handles known as \"\"ear\"\" handles. these handles allowed the cup to be easily lifted and shared among drinkers during symposia, social gatherings where men would drink wine, converse, and engage in intellectual and recreational activities. \n \n one of the distinctive features of the kylix is its artistic decoration, often found on the interior surface of the bowl. red-figure and black-figure painting techniques were commonly used to adorn kylikes with scenes from mythology, daily life, athletics, or symposium scenes. these intricate designs not only served an aesthetic purpose but also provided a focal point for conversation and entertainment during the symposium. the exterior of the kylix was usually left plain or decorated with simple geometric patterns. \n \n the shape and function of the kylix were closely tied to the culture of ancient greece, particularly its emphasis on communal drinking and social interaction. the shallow bowl allowed for easy access to the wine, while the handles facilitated sharing among participants. the symposium, where kylikes were prominently featured, played a significant role in greek social life, serving as a space for intellectual exchange, philosophical discourse, and the forging of social bonds.\""},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"61","title":{"es":"greek kylix with thermoluminescence test (tl)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17434/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:23.492Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac900","currency":"EUR","id":17434,"dimensions":{"depth":11.2},"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17435/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17435/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17435/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17435/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17435/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: 'frog' oil lamp, type shier a 5.1 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: 2nd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 30 mm x 74 mm x 90 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptian frog oil lamp is a distinctive artifact from the ancient egyptian world, reflecting the culture's practical ingenuity and symbolic use of everyday objects. these lamps, often made from materials such as pottery or stone, were designed to hold and burn oil, typically olive oil, to provide light. the frog shape of the lamp was not merely decorative but also held symbolic significance. frogs were associated with fertility and rebirth in ancient egyptian culture, as they were among the first animals to appear after the annual flooding of the nile, which was crucial for agriculture. this symbolism likely made the frog-shaped lamps not only functional but also imbued with a deeper cultural meaning. \n \n the design of egyptian frog oil lamps typically features the frog\u2019s body as the main reservoir for the oil, with the frog\u2019s head or back serving as the wick holder. this practical design ensured that the oil was efficiently used and that the lamp provided a steady, even light. the simplicity of the frog design also reflects the broader trend in egyptian art and artifacts, where functional items were often adorned with motifs that carried symbolic or religious significance. these lamps would have been used in various contexts, including domestic settings and religious ceremonies, highlighting their role in both everyday life and ritual practices. \n \n in terms of craftsmanship, the frog oil lamp represents the high level of skill in egyptian pottery and metalwork. the attention to detail in the lamp\u2019s design, from the accurate depiction of the frog\u2019s form to the functional aspects of oil containment and lighting, showcases the blend of artistry and practicality that characterized much of ancient egyptian material culture."},"estimateMax":170,"lotNumber":"62","title":{"es":"egyptian 'frog' oil lamp, type shier a 5.1"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17435/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:23.495Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac170","currency":"EUR","id":17435,"dimensions":{"depth":9},"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17436/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17436/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17436/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17436/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: stamp seal \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 3rd - 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 61 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n bronze age stamp seals are significant artifacts that offer insights into the administrative, economic, and cultural practices of ancient civilizations during the bronze age, roughly spanning from 3300 to 1200 bce. these seals, typically made from materials such as bronze, stone, or clay, were used to imprint distinctive designs or inscriptions onto various surfaces, including clay tablets, fabrics, and documents. the primary function of these stamps was to authenticate and mark ownership or authority, serving as a form of signature for individuals or institutions. the designs on the seals often included symbols, motifs, or insignias that identified the owner or the issuing authority, playing a crucial role in trade and record-keeping. \n \n the design and craftsmanship of bronze age stamp seals varied widely across different regions and cultures. in mesopotamia, for example, seal impressions often depicted intricate scenes of mythological or religious significance, while in the indus valley civilization, seals featured more abstract motifs and animal figures. the artistry involved in creating these seals demonstrates the advanced metalworking and engraving skills of the time. the use of such seals facilitated the development of complex administrative systems and long-distance trade networks, as they provided a means of verifying and recording transactions and agreements in a pre-literate society. \n \n the archaeological discovery of bronze age stamp seals has provided valuable information about the social and economic structures of ancient societies. they offer clues about trade practices, as well as the distribution of goods and resources. additionally, seal impressions found on clay tablets or packaging often include inscriptions or logos that help historians understand the administrative practices and bureaucratic functions of ancient civilizations"},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"63","title":{"es":"bronze age stamp seal"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17436/view","tags":["escollectibles_writinginstrumentsdeskaccessories","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:57.826Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17436,"dimensions":{"depth":6.1},"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17437/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17437/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17437/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with inscription 'eyboylidas' and fork \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 16 mm x 32 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: draskowski, n., & weiss, p., neue griechische schleuderbleie. tissaphernes und weitere kommandeure, p. 136 - 143 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets are intriguing artifacts from ancient greece, offering insights into the military practices and technological advancements of the time. these small, often round or oval-shaped objects were used as projectiles in slings, a common ranged weapon in ancient warfare. made from materials such as lead, stone, or clay, sling bullets were designed to be hurled with great force, and their effectiveness depended on the skill of the slinger. the bullets typically weighed between 30 to 100 grams, and their size and shape were optimized for aerodynamic stability and impact. the use of slings in battle was prevalent due to their portability and the ease with which slingers could be trained. \n \n one of the distinctive features of greek sling bullets is the variety of inscriptions and markings found on them. many bullets were inscribed with names, symbols, or messages, which could serve various purposes. some inscriptions identified the owner or user of the sling bullet, while others were meant to convey threats or psychological intimidation to the enemy. the presence of these inscriptions provides valuable information about the individuals or groups involved in conflicts and the nature of the battles in which these projectiles were used. additionally, the inscriptions offer insights into the practice of psychological warfare, where such messages could be used to demoralize or intimidate opponents. \n \n the study of greek sling bullets also reveals aspects of the broader military and social contexts of ancient greece. they were used in numerous historical battles, including the famous conflicts of the peloponnesian war, and their archaeological discovery can help scholars understand the tactics and strategies employed in ancient warfare. sling bullets provide evidence of the widespread use of slings across different greek city-states and regions, highlighting the weapon\u2019s role in both offensive and defensive operations. overall, these artifacts offer a glimpse into the technological, psychological, and strategic dimensions of ancient greek warfare, reflecting the complexity and sophistication of military practices in the ancient world."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"64","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with inscription 'eyboylidas' and fork"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17437/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:23.497Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17437,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":700,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17438/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17438/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17438/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a boar \n \n material: marble \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 50 mm x 143 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired on the art market before 2000, ex english private collection, cambridgeshire, thence by descent. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman boar statuettes are intriguing artifacts that reflect both the symbolic and cultural significance of the wild boar in roman society. these small figures were commonly crafted as votive offerings, often placed in temples or sanctuaries dedicated to gods associated with hunting, war, and protection. in roman culture, the boar symbolized strength, courage, and ferocity, qualities that were highly esteemed, especially in relation to military life and hunting practices. boar hunts were popular activities among roman elites, and the animal\u2019s fierce nature made it a fitting representation of warrior virtues, further embedding the boar into the cultural consciousness of rome. \n \n the craftsmanship of these statuettes varied, but they generally exhibited detailed and realistic depictions of the boar, emphasizing the animal\u2019s muscular body, sharp tusks, and distinctive bristled mane. such meticulous representation highlights the importance of the boar as a powerful and revered figure. some statuettes were small enough to be carried as personal amulets, believed to offer protection or bravery to the bearer, particularly soldiers. the boar\u2019s ferocity in battle made it a fitting symbol for roman warriors, and it is likely that these statuettes were also used as talismans to invoke strength and success in warfare. \n \n beyond their military connotations, roman boar statuettes were also tied to religious and mythological beliefs. the boar was often associated with gods like diana, the goddess of the hunt, and mars, the god of war. in certain roman myths, the boar appears as a formidable beast that heroes must confront, symbolizing challenges that must be overcome with strength and bravery. these statuettes, therefore, represent more than just an admiration for the animal\u2014they are a reflection of the values, beliefs, and practices of roman society, where the boar served as both a literal and symbolic creature of power."},"estimateMax":1400,"lotNumber":"65","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a boar"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17438/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:23.499Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,200 - \u20ac1,400","currency":"EUR","id":17438,"dimensions":{"depth":14.3},"estimateMin":1200},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17439/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17439/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17439/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17439/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17439/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with pseudo-hieroglyphic, sa-sign and udjat-eyes (protection) \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: new kingdom, 1550 - 1070 b.c \n \n dimensions: 11 mm x 7 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"66","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with pseudo-hieroglyphic, sa-sign and udjat-eyes (protection)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17439/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.574Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17439,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":30,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17440/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17440/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17440/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17440/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: polyhedron weight \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 20 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, london, acquired between 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n polyhedron weights were common in the byzantine period as a means of measuring and standardizing the weight of various goods for trade and commerce. these weights were typically small, geometrically shaped objects made of materials such as bronze, lead, or stone, and they were often inscribed with numerical markings indicating their weight. polyhedron weights took on various forms, including cubes, octahedrons, dodecahedrons, and other geometric shapes, each with a specific weight value corresponding to its size and density. \n \n the use of polyhedron weights in byzantine commerce helped ensure fairness and accuracy in transactions by providing a standardized system of measurement. merchants and traders relied on these weights to determine the value of goods such as precious metals, grains, and other commodities, facilitating trade and economic exchange within the byzantine empire and beyond. polyhedron weights were also used in official capacities, such as tax collection, where they played a crucial role in assessing duties and tariffs based on the weight of goods. \n \n polyhedron weights are frequently found in archaeological contexts throughout the byzantine empire, providing valuable insights into byzantine trade networks, economic activity, and material culture. the inscriptions and markings on polyhedron weights often include information about their provenance, the name of the manufacturer or owner, and sometimes religious or symbolic motifs."},"estimateMax":110,"lotNumber":"67","title":{"es":"byzantine polyhedron weight"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17440/view","tags":["escollectibles_scientificinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":30,"soldPrice":65,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.577Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac110","currency":"EUR","id":17440,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17441/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17441/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17441/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with symbol eight-ray star \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 16 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n parallel: manov, m. & torbov, n., inscribed lead sling bullets with the name of alexander the great and with other names and symbols found in thrace, archaeologia bulgarica xx, 2 (2016), 29-43, p.38, fig. 14 \n freeman, p.w.m., polland, a., fields of conflict: progress and prospect in battlefield archaeology, bar international series 958 (2001), p.14, catalogue no. 2224 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n sling, implement for propelling missiles, one of the first missile weapons used in warfare. it consisted of a small strap or socket of leather to which two cords were attached. the warrior, or slinger, held the ends of the cords in one hand, placed the missile snugly in the strap, and whirled the socket and missile rapidly around his head; by letting go of one cord at the right moment, the slinger could let the missile fly out of the socket at a high speed. \n \n in the roman army of the time of the punic wars (3rd\u20132nd century bc), the slingers were auxiliaries from greece, syria, and africa. the balearic islanders who constituted a part of hannibal\u2019s carthaginian army fighting the romans were renowned as slingers."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"68","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with symbol eight-ray star"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17441/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:23.501Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17441,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17442/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17442/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17442/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17442/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: spearhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age, luristan \n \n period: 2nd - 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 192 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, london, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the luristan period, named after the region in western iran where many artifacts were discovered, encompasses a span from the late second millennium bce to the early first millennium bce. one distinctive type of artifact from this period is the luristan bronze dagger blade. these dagger blades are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and artistic detailing, reflecting the advanced metallurgical skills of the ancient luristan people. \n \n typically made from bronze, the dagger blades from luristan exhibit a high level of skill in metal casting and carving. they often feature intricate geometric patterns, stylized animals, and mythological motifs that are meticulously incised or embossed onto the surface. the blades are characterized by their leaf-shaped or lozenge-shaped designs, with a prominent midrib and a tapering point, showcasing both functional and aesthetic considerations. \n \n these dagger blades were likely used as weapons, but their elaborate ornamentation suggests that they also held symbolic and ritualistic significance. the motifs depicted on the blades often include scenes of hunting, battles, and mythical creatures, indicating a connection to the beliefs and stories of the luristan people."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"69","title":{"es":"bronze age, luristan spearhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17442/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:23.503Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17442,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17443/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17443/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17443/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17443/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17443/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting an eagle \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n eagles held significant symbolic meaning in roman culture, representing power, strength, and imperial authority. roman eagles were often associated with the roman military and the imperial cult, where they served as potent symbols of loyalty to the state and the emperor. this symbolism was reflected in various aspects of roman life, including art, architecture, and personal adornment, such as rings. \n \n eagles were a popular motif in roman rings, particularly during the imperial period, where they were often depicted in intricate relief designs or engraved onto gemstones. these rings served as personal accessories worn by individuals from different social classes, including soldiers, officials, and civilians, as symbols of allegiance to the roman state and the emperor. the eagle motif on roman rings could convey messages of patriotism, loyalty, and pride in roman citizenship. \n \n in addition to their symbolic significance, eagles on roman rings also served decorative and ornamental purposes, enhancing the wearer's status and prestige. rings featuring eagle motifs were often crafted from precious metals such as gold or silver and adorned with gemstones or enamel to further accentuate their beauty and craftsmanship. these rings were cherished possessions worn for special occasions or as everyday adornments, reflecting the wearer's taste, social standing, and allegiance to the ideals of roman civilization."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"70","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17443/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.579Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17443,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17444/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17444/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17444/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an eagle \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 8 mm x 18 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman eagle statuettes were highly symbolic and held great significance in both religious and military contexts of ancient rome. the eagle (aquila in latin) was closely associated with the roman god jupiter, the chief deity in the roman pantheon, who was often depicted with an eagle by his side. as such, eagle statuettes were used in temples and religious settings as representations of divine power and the might of jupiter, symbolizing strength, authority, and the sky. the connection with jupiter made the eagle a symbol of rome's dominance and protection, embodying both religious reverence and imperial might. \n \n in military contexts, the eagle held even greater significance. the roman army adopted the eagle as its standard, known as the aquila, for roman legions. each legion carried a large eagle standard into battle, and losing it to the enemy was considered a grave dishonor. the eagle embodied the spirit of the legion and symbolized the unity, strength, and loyalty of the roman soldiers. smaller eagle statuettes, made from bronze or other metals, were often produced to celebrate victories, honor military achievements, or serve as tokens of protection for soldiers. these statues were not only decorative but also functioned as potent symbols of roman martial identity. \n \n eagle statuettes were also used in funerary and memorial contexts, particularly for the deified emperors. upon the death of an emperor, the belief was that his soul would ascend to the heavens, and the eagle, as a messenger of jupiter, would carry him into the realm of the gods."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"71","title":{"es":"roman statuette of an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17444/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:16.946Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17444,"dimensions":{"depth":1.8},"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17445/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17445/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17445/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with saint between crosses \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 5th - 8th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n byzantine rings adorned with saints and crosses are significant artifacts from the byzantine empire, reflecting the deep interconnection between faith and daily life in this christian society. these rings, often crafted from gold, silver, or bronze, were worn not only as decorative items but also as powerful symbols of personal devotion and protection. the imagery on these rings typically featured christian saints, who were venerated for their virtues and seen as protectors, or crosses, representing the central symbol of the christian faith. by wearing such rings, individuals expressed their religious identity and sought divine protection or the intercession of the saints in their daily lives. \n \n the depiction of saints on byzantine rings was highly symbolic and personal. saints like saint george, the virgin mary, or saint michael were common choices due to their protective roles and prominence in byzantine christian tradition. for example, saint george, known for his victory over the dragon, was a popular figure for rings worn by soldiers or those seeking protection. similarly, the virgin mary was often featured on rings worn by individuals seeking her guidance and compassion. these rings were not only expressions of faith but also served as amulets, believed to bring blessings and safeguard the wearer from evil or misfortune. \n \n the cross motif, frequently seen on byzantine rings, reinforced the wearer\u2019s connection to christ and the central tenets of christianity. crosses were simple yet powerful symbols of the sacrifice of jesus christ and were used to invoke divine favor and protection. the craftsmanship of these rings, whether simple or intricately decorated, demonstrates the importance of religious symbols in byzantine culture. they were often worn during significant life events such as baptisms, marriages, or religious ceremonies, reinforcing the role of faith in every aspect of byzantine life."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"72","title":{"es":"byzantine ring with saint between crosses"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17445/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.580Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17445,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17446/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17446/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17446/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17446/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17446/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17446/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cylinder seal depicting horse or donkey held by the god ahuramazda \n \n material: specked stone \n \n culture: iron age, achaemenid empire \n \n period: 550 - 330 b.c \n \n dimensions: 27 mm x 11 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n cylinder seals were important artifacts in the achaemenid empire, serving as both practical tools and symbols of authority and identity. these seals were typically made from materials such as stone, precious metals, or glazed ceramics and were cylindrical in shape, with designs carved or engraved into the surface. cylinder seals were used to impress images or inscriptions onto clay or wax seals, which were affixed to documents, containers, or other objects to mark ownership, validate transactions, or secure correspondence. \n \n in the achaemenid empire, cylinder seals played a crucial role in administrative, economic, and diplomatic affairs. they were used by officials and bureaucrats to authenticate documents, contracts, and decrees, ensuring the integrity and legality of official transactions and communications. cylinder seals bore inscriptions in various scripts, including old persian, elamite, and akkadian, reflecting the multilingual and multicultural nature of the achaemenid administration and its vast empire. \n \n beyond their practical utility, cylinder seals in the achaemenid empire also served as symbols of royal authority and identity. many seals bore images or motifs associated with achaemenid kingship, such as the royal emblem known as the faravahar, depicting a winged figure or a king in regal attire. these seals conveyed messages of legitimacy, power, and divine favor, reinforcing the authority of the achaemenid rulers and their right to rule over their vast empire."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"73","title":{"es":"iron age, achaemenid empire cylinder seal depicting horse or donkey held by the god ahuramazda"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17446/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esinternational_middleeastern","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.582Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac900","currency":"EUR","id":17446,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17447/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17447/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17447/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17447/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cosmetic bowl / palette \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: iron age \n \n period: 8th - 6th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 88 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, a.k., with israeli export licence number 57470 \n \n bibliography: the israel museum, jerusalem, accession number 1936-929 and 1980-1161 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during the iron age period, cosmetic palettes and bowls held significant cultural and social importance in various ancient civilizations, particularly in regions such as the near east and egypt. these artifacts served as both functional tools for cosmetic preparation and as symbols of status and identity within society. cosmetic palettes from this period typically consisted of flat, circular or oval-shaped pieces of stone or other materials, often adorned with intricate engravings or relief carvings depicting religious, mythological, or symbolic motifs. \n \n in ancient egypt, cosmetic palettes were widely used for grinding and mixing cosmetics, such as kohl for eyeliner or various ointments and pigments for body adornment. these palettes were crafted from materials like schist, slate, or limestone and were often decorated with elaborate designs that reflected the artistic styles and religious beliefs of the time. many palettes featured animal motifs, geometric patterns, or scenes from mythology and everyday life, serving as artistic expressions of the cultural milieu in which they were created. \n \n beyond their utilitarian function, cosmetic palettes also held symbolic significance in ancient societies. in addition to being practical objects for cosmetic preparation, they were often associated with rituals, ceremonies, and beliefs surrounding beauty, health, and spiritual protection. in some cultures, cosmetic palettes were buried as grave goods alongside the deceased, reflecting beliefs in the afterlife and the importance of personal adornment and grooming even in death."},"estimateMax":260,"lotNumber":"74","title":{"es":"iron age cosmetic bowl / palette"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17447/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esinternational_middleeastern","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.584Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac260","currency":"EUR","id":17447,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17448/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17448/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17448/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17448/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17448/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with geometric design representing \u201cunity\u201d \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: second intermediate period, 1700 - 1550 b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"75","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with geometric design representing \u201cunity\u201d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17448/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.585Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17448,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":700,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17449/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17449/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17449/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: patera, pompeii type \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 190 mm x 332 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman pateras were shallow, circular dishes or bowls with a handle, primarily used for religious and ritualistic purposes in ancient rome. these vessels were typically crafted from bronze, silver, or ceramic, and their design made them easy to carry and use during sacrificial rituals. the primary function of a patera was to pour liquid offerings, such as wine, milk, or water, to the gods during religious ceremonies. as an essential part of roman religious practice, pateras were used in both public and private contexts, from large-scale temple rituals to personal household worship. their simple yet functional design allowed for easy handling during these sacred acts. \n \n the decoration of roman pateras often reflected their religious purpose. many pateras were adorned with intricate designs, including depictions of gods, goddesses, and mythological scenes, as well as geometric patterns. the presence of such imagery on these vessels not only enhanced their aesthetic value but also emphasized their sacred function. for example, pateras might feature images of deities like jupiter, mars, or bacchus, depending on the specific ritual or offering being performed. the craftsmanship of these objects varied, with more elaborate pateras being used by wealthier individuals or in major temples, while simpler versions were more common in everyday religious practices. \n \n beyond their use in religious ceremonies, pateras also served as symbols of piety and devotion. they were sometimes included in burial offerings or depicted in funerary art to indicate the deceased's religious dedication or role in sacrificial rituals. in roman military contexts, the patera also held significance as a symbol of the connection between the army and the gods, as soldiers would make offerings before battle or during religious festivals."},"estimateMax":1400,"lotNumber":"76","title":{"es":"roman patera, pompeii type"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17449/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":700,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.587Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,200 - \u20ac1,400","currency":"EUR","id":17449,"dimensions":{"depth":33.2},"estimateMin":1200},{"startPrice":340,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17450/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17450/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of ros \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 2nd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 140 mm x 85 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english art dealer, acquired in february 2013 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n statuettes of eros from the hellenistic period (c. 323\u201331 bce) are notable for their lively and dynamic depictions of the god of love and desire. unlike earlier, more formal representations of eros, hellenistic statuettes often portrayed him as a playful, youthful figure, capturing a sense of movement and emotion that reflected the artistic trends of the era. eros was depicted in a variety of poses\u2014sometimes flying, reclining, or holding symbols such as a bow and arrows, which he used to ignite love. these statuettes, often made from terracotta, bronze, or marble, were popular as decorative items in homes and sanctuaries, symbolizing not only romantic love but also familial affection and the broader concept of desire. \n \n the hellenistic period saw a shift toward more naturalistic and personal depictions in art, and this was evident in the way eros was portrayed. the god was often shown with a mischievous or tender expression, emphasizing the emotional and unpredictable nature of love. the statuettes might depict eros engaging in everyday activities, such as playing with animals or interacting with other mythological figures like psyche, his beloved. this humanization of deities like eros was characteristic of hellenistic art, which sought to connect divine figures to the human experience in a more relatable and intimate way. \n \n eros statuettes served not only as decorative objects but also had a symbolic role in hellenistic society. they were often given as gifts at weddings or used in household shrines to invoke love and harmony within the family. in addition, these statuettes were sometimes associated with funerary practices, symbolizing eternal love or the soul\u2019s journey after death."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"77","title":{"es":"greek statuette of eros"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17450/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:16.951Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17450,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":160,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17451/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17451/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17451/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17451/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an enthroned woman \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 144 mm x 52 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, sussex, mid-20th century private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during the greek hellenistic period, which spanned from the death of alexander the great in 323 b.c. to the establishment of the roman empire in 31 b.c., the art of sculpture underwent significant developments, marked by a departure from the idealized forms of the classical era towards greater naturalism and emotional expression. among the notable sculptures from this period is the statue of a seated woman, also known as the \"pergamon woman, \" dated to the 3rd century b.c. this sculpture exemplifies the hellenistic style's emphasis on capturing realism and individuality, as well as the portrayal of complex emotions. \n \n the statue of a seated woman is a marble sculpture depicting a woman seated in a relaxed posture, her body gently leaning to one side with her legs crossed elegantly. her facial features are rendered with remarkable detail, conveying a sense of introspection and emotion. the woman's hairstyle, drapery, and jewelry are intricately carved, adding to the lifelike quality of the sculpture. the absence of idealized proportions and the focus on naturalistic details distinguish this work as characteristic of the hellenistic period. \n \n this statue is believed to represent a goddess, nymph, or possibly a mortal woman depicted in a divine or heroic context. the sculpture's serene expression and contemplative pose suggest a moment of quiet introspection or divine communion."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"78","title":{"es":"greek statuette of an enthroned woman"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17451/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":160,"soldPrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:16.955Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17451,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17452/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17452/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17452/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17452/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17452/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: aryballos with quatrefoil motif \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 6th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 54 mm x 52 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, sussex, mid-20th century private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the aryballos with a quatrefoil motif is a distinctive type of ancient greek vessel that emerged during the geometric and orientalizing periods (circa 900\u2013600 bce). the term \"aryballos\" refers to a small, globular container used to store oils, perfumes, or other precious substances. the quatrefoil motif, characterized by a four-lobed or four-petal design, was a common decorative element on these vessels. aryballoi with quatrefoil motifs were often crafted from terracotta and decorated using the black-figure or red-figure techniques, which involved selectively applying slip (a liquid mixture of clay and water) to create contrasting images. \n \n the quatrefoil motif on these aryballoi was not merely decorative but held symbolic and cultural significance. the motif is reminiscent of floral patterns and was likely inspired by nature. the four-lobed design could represent various symbolic concepts such as symmetry, balance, or the four seasons. additionally, in ancient greek art, the use of geometric and floral motifs often carried deeper meanings related to religious beliefs, mythological narratives, or social customs. \n \n these aryballoi were practical as well as ornamental, serving a utilitarian purpose in daily life. they were designed for the storage and transportation of oils and perfumes, making them valuable personal items. the small size and portability of aryballoi with quatrefoil motifs suggest that they may have been used in grooming rituals or as offerings in religious ceremonies."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"79","title":{"es":"greek aryballos with quatrefoil motif"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17452/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:16.959Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17452,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":250,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17453/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17453/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17453/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 49 mm x 290 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex marius-victor-ernest dumas private collection (north africa and france), acquired in tunisia between 1890 - 1920. m. dumas was controleur civile (french colonial administrator) of the city of sousse in tunisia prior to world war i. this collection of roman and north african antiquities has remained in the family for the past 100 years in the haute-savoie region of france. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman vessels from north africa, particularly those made during the height of the roman empire, reflect the region's significant role in the roman economy and its thriving ceramic production. north africa, especially modern-day tunisia and libya, became an important center for pottery production, known for producing fine tableware, storage vessels, and amphorae. one of the most notable types of pottery from this region is african red slip ware, a type of fine, red-gloss pottery that was highly valued across the roman world. these vessels were used for serving and dining, prized for their high-quality craftsmanship and often adorned with stamped or molded decorations, including figures, animals, and geometric motifs. \n \n the export of north african pottery to various parts of the roman empire, from italy to britain, highlights the region\u2019s importance in trade and the widespread demand for its products. amphorae from north africa, typically used for storing and transporting goods like olive oil and wine, are often found in archaeological contexts far from their place of origin, showing the extensive trade networks that connected the empire. the standardization and durability of these vessels made them ideal for shipping agricultural products, particularly olive oil, which was one of north africa\u2019s primary exports to rome and other regions. this trade contributed to the economic prosperity of the region during the roman period. \n \n in addition to their economic role, the design and style of roman vessels from north africa reveal much about the cultural exchanges between roman and local traditions. while the shapes and forms of the vessels often adhered to roman standards, the decorations and motifs sometimes incorporated local north african influences, reflecting a blend of roman and indigenous artistic traditions."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"80","title":{"es":"roman plate with decoration, ex marius-victor-ernest dumas collection"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17453/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":250,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:16.961Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17453,"dimensions":{"depth":29},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17454/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17454/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17454/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: dipper juglet \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: iron age \n \n period: 9th - 8th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 130 mm x 76 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n ceramics during the iron age played a crucial role in shaping the material culture and economic activities of various ancient civilizations. these ceramics were typically characterized by their utilitarian functions, with pottery serving as essential vessels for food storage, cooking, and transportation. in addition to their practical purposes, iron age ceramics often displayed decorative elements and intricate designs that reflected the cultural and artistic preferences of the time. \n \n these ceramics provide valuable insights into the daily life, technological advancements, and trade networks of iron age societies. they are essential archaeological artifacts that aid in understanding the socio-economic dynamics, dietary habits, and artistic expressions of these ancient cultures. the study of iron age ceramics enriches our knowledge of the period and helps connect the dots between archaeological findings and the lives of the people who lived during this pivotal era in human history."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"81","title":{"es":"iron age dipper juglet, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17454/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.588Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17454,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17455/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17455/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17455/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17455/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17455/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: vessel \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th - 3rd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 98 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek vessels encompass a wide variety of pottery forms produced by ancient greek artisans over several centuries. these vessels served numerous functions in greek society, including storage, transportation, dining, and religious rituals. greek pottery was typically made from clay and fired in kilns to create durable vessels that could withstand everyday use. the decoration and style of greek vessels varied greatly depending on the time period, region, and intended function of the vessel. \n \n some of the most iconic types of greek vessels include amphorae, kraters, kylixes, and lekythoi. amphorae were large, two-handled vessels used for storing and transporting liquids such as wine, oil, and water. kraters were wide, shallow bowls with handles used for mixing wine and water during symposia (drinking parties) and religious ceremonies. kylixes were shallow drinking cups with handles, often decorated with scenes from mythology or everyday life. lekythoi were slender, oil flasks used for storing perfumed oils and were often placed in tombs as offerings to the deceased. \n \n greek pottery was highly valued not only for its utilitarian function but also for its artistic and aesthetic qualities. greek artisans decorated pottery using various techniques such as black-figure and red-figure painting, incision, and relief. the designs on greek vessels often depicted mythological scenes, religious rituals, athletic competitions, and daily life, providing valuable insights into greek culture, beliefs, and values."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"82","title":{"es":"greek vessel"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17455/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.589Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17455,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":300,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17456/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17456/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17456/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17456/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring fragment, ankhesenamun, tutankhamens queen \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: amarna period, 1330 b.c \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition, fragmentary and repaired \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n ankhesenamun was the queen of egypt during the 18th dynasty, most famously known as the wife of pharaoh tutankhamun. she was born ankhesenpaaten, the daughter of the heretic king akhenaten and queen nefertiti, during a period of significant religious upheaval in egypt when akhenaten attempted to establish a monotheistic worship of the sun god aten. like many members of the royal family, ankhesenamun's name originally reflected her allegiance to the aten, but after the death of akhenaten and the restoration of the traditional polytheistic religion, her name was changed to ankhesenamun to honor amun, the chief god of the restored pantheon. her life was deeply intertwined with the political and religious shifts of her time. \n \n as the wife of tutankhamun, ankhesenamun played a significant role in the young king\u2019s short reign, which began when he was about nine years old. together, they sought to restore egypt to its former religious traditions, moving the capital back to thebes and reinstating the worship of amun. despite their efforts to stabilize egypt, their reign was brief, lasting only around nine years, and they faced personal tragedies as well. archaeological evidence suggests that ankhesenamun may have borne several children, but none survived infancy, as revealed by the discovery of two mummified fetuses in tutankhamun's tomb. \n \n after tutankhamun's untimely death around 1323 bce, ankhesenamun's fate becomes more obscure. historical evidence indicates that she may have made a desperate bid to secure her position by writing to the king of the hittites, requesting to marry one of his sons, a move that was highly unusual and indicative of her precarious situation. however, the prince was killed on his way to egypt, and ankhesenamun disappears from the historical record soon after. it is believed that she may have been forced to marry ay, a high-ranking official who succeeded tutankhamun as pharaoh, but her ultimate fate remains a mystery, leaving scholars to speculate about the end of her life."},"estimateMax":450,"lotNumber":"83","title":{"es":"egyptian ring fragment, ankhesenamun, tutankhamens queen, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17456/view","directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":850,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:56:21.507Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac350 - \u20ac450","currency":"EUR","id":17456,"estimateMin":350},{"startPrice":300,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17457/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17457/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bread stamp with inscription 'l qval... / theomedo... ' \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 30 mm x 52 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bread stamps in bronze are fascinating artifacts that shed light on the intricacies of daily life in ancient rome, particularly in the context of bread production and commerce. these stamps were used to imprint distinctive marks or logos onto loaves of bread, which served multiple purposes. primarily, they helped identify the bakery that produced the bread, ensuring quality and authenticity. such stamps often featured symbols, names, or even intricate designs that could indicate the baker\u2019s identity, the type of bread, or specific characteristics of the bakery, providing both a practical and branding function. \n \n the use of bronze for these stamps reflects the material's durability and the value placed on precision in bread-making. roman bakers would press these stamps into the dough before baking, leaving a permanent imprint that survived the baking process. this not only helped in differentiating between various types of bread but also acted as a form of quality control. the presence of these stamps on bread loaves was particularly important in bustling urban centers like rome, where standardization and traceability were crucial due to the high volume of production and consumption. \n \n archaeological finds of roman bread stamps reveal a great deal about the economic and social aspects of roman life. these stamps have been discovered in various regions of the empire, indicating a widespread and standardized practice. they provide insights into the organization of roman bakeries and the role of bread in daily sustenance, as well as the administrative and regulatory aspects of roman commerce. additionally, the decorative and inscriptive elements on these stamps offer valuable information about roman art, typography, and the symbolic meanings associated with different designs. through these artifacts, we gain a deeper understanding of how the romans managed food production and the significance of bread in their society."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"84","title":{"es":"roman bread stamp with inscription 'l qval... / theomedo...'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17457/view","directSalePrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.235Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17457,"dimensions":{"depth":2.6},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17458/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17458/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17458/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17458/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: unguentarium \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 120 mm x 37 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek unguentarium, also known as a perfume bottle or ointment jar, was a vessel specifically designed for storing and dispensing aromatic oils, perfumes, and ointments in ancient greece. these vessels were typically made of ceramic, glass, or occasionally metal, and came in a variety of shapes and sizes depending on their intended use and the preferences of the owner. unguentaria played an essential role in greek daily life, as personal grooming and hygiene were highly valued in ancient greek society. \n \n one common type of greek unguentarium was the \"tear bottle\" or \"tear vase, \" characterized by its elongated, tear-shaped body and narrow neck. these tear-shaped vessels were often used to collect and store tears shed during mourning or emotional distress, as well as fragrant oils or perfumes. tear bottles held symbolic significance in greek funerary customs, serving as offerings to the deceased or as grave goods placed in tombs to accompany the deceased on their journey to the afterlife. \n \n additionally, greek unguentaria were sometimes decorated with intricate designs, including geometric patterns, floral motifs, or scenes from mythology or daily life. these decorations not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the vessels but also conveyed symbolic meanings or cultural associations. unguentaria were commonly found in domestic contexts, such as bathrooms or dressing areas, as well as in religious sanctuaries or funerary settings."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"85","title":{"es":"greek unguentarium"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17458/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.663Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17458,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17459/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17459/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17459/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17459/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 46 mm x 153 mm \n \n condition: good condition. \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection, acquired since at least 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek skyphos was a type of ancient greek drinking vessel characterized by its deep, bowl-shaped body and two horizontal handles. skyphoi (the plural form of skyphos) were typically made from ceramic materials such as clay and were widely used in greek society for drinking wine, water, or other beverages during social gatherings, symposia (drinking parties), and religious ceremonies. the word \"skyphos\" itself translates to \"cup\" or \"bowl\" in greek. \n \n skyphoi came in various sizes and styles, with some examples featuring simple, utilitarian designs while others were elaborately decorated with intricate motifs, scenes from mythology, or figural compositions. the shape of the skyphos, with its deep bowl and wide mouth, allowed for easy drinking and sharing of beverages among guests at symposia, where the vessel played a central role in the convivial atmosphere and rituals of communal drinking. \n \n the use of skyphoi in ancient greek society was not limited to symposia and social gatherings but also extended to religious and funerary contexts. skyphoi were often used as vessels for libations and offerings to the gods in religious ceremonies and rituals, symbolizing the sharing of food and drink with the divine. additionally, skyphoi were sometimes included as grave goods in burials, reflecting their importance as everyday objects associated with hospitality, conviviality, and the rituals of life and death in ancient greece."},"estimateMax":280,"lotNumber":"86","title":{"es":"greek skyphos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17459/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.666Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac280","currency":"EUR","id":17459,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17460/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17460/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17460/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17460/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17460/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of eros with rooster \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 125 mm x 73 mm \n \n condition: good condition, the rooster has a missing part \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the eros with rooster figure from the hellenistic period is a fascinating representation of the god of love, eros, combined with the imagery of a rooster, symbolizing various cultural and mythological meanings. eros, typically depicted as a winged youth or child in greek art, embodies love, desire, and attraction. during the hellenistic period (c. 323\u201331 bce), eros was often portrayed in playful and intimate scenes, emphasizing the lighter, more personal aspects of love. in the eros with rooster figures, this depiction is coupled with the rooster, which held its own symbolic significance, especially as a symbol of virility and fertility in ancient greek culture. \n \n the rooster, commonly associated with dawn and the renewal of life, also symbolized male potency and was often linked to erotic themes. its appearance alongside eros in these figurines may represent a celebration of fertility, sexual vitality, and the life-giving power of love. in some cases, the rooster could also serve as a gift associated with romantic or erotic relationships, as it was sometimes given to young men in courtship or as a part of coming-of-age rituals. the combination of eros and the rooster in these figures likely underscores themes of passion and sexual awakening, blending the divine aspects of love with earthly, physical desire. \n \n these eros with rooster statuettes were typically made from terracotta, bronze, or marble and were often found in domestic settings, sanctuaries, or as grave offerings. they likely served both decorative and votive purposes, illustrating the personal nature of hellenistic religion and its focus on intimate, human experiences. the playful nature of the figures reflects the broader artistic trends of the hellenistic period, where art became more focused on realism, emotion, and daily life. by combining eros with the rooster, these figurines encapsulate the hellenistic fascination with love\u2019s many dimensions\u2014ranging from spiritual affection to physical desire\u2014and serve as a testament to the era\u2019s rich symbolic language."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"87","title":{"es":"greek statuette of eros with rooster"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17460/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:17.858Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17460,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17461/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17461/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17461/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 7 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, oxfordshire, acquired from alan cherry of bournemouth between 2003 - 2005 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets, known as fascina (plural of fascinum), were widespread symbols of protection, particularly against the evil eye, in roman culture. these small, often intricately carved amulets typically depicted the male genitalia and were considered potent talismans for warding off negative influences and harmful magic. the romans believed that the image of the phallus had the power to avert misfortune and bring good luck, due to its association with fertility, strength, and vitality. phallic amulets could be made from materials such as bronze, bone, or terracotta, and were worn as jewelry or placed in homes, businesses, and even public spaces like crossroads and gates to ensure protective benefits. \n \n these amulets were not limited to personal adornment but were also incorporated into broader social and religious contexts. in roman households, phallic symbols could be found on doorways or incorporated into the decor to protect the home from malevolent spirits. additionally, children, who were considered particularly vulnerable to harm, were often given phallic amulets to wear around their necks or as part of their clothing to shield them from danger. the presence of these symbols in everyday life reflects the deeply ingrained superstitious beliefs in ancient roman society, where the need for protection was a constant concern. \n \n beyond their apotropaic (warding-off) function, phallic amulets also reflected roman attitudes toward sexuality and masculinity. the open display of the phallus was not considered vulgar but rather a symbol of life, virility, and generative power. this frankness about sexual symbols stood in contrast to later cultural norms and reveals the roman perspective on sexuality as a natural and essential force."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"88","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17461/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T15:59:35.498Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17461,"dimensions":{"depth":2.5},"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":30,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17462/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17462/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17462/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: openwork fibula \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 33 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, london, acquired before 2000. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman openwork fibulas are intricate brooches used primarily to fasten garments, serving both practical and decorative purposes in roman society. these fibulas, which were the ancient equivalent of modern safety pins, were often designed with openwork patterns, meaning they featured cut-out designs that created a lattice-like appearance. the openwork technique allowed for intricate, lightweight designs that could incorporate complex geometric, floral, or zoomorphic patterns. made from bronze, silver, or sometimes gold, these fibulas were not only functional items of dress but also highly personal adornments that reflected the wearer's status, taste, and regional influences. \n \n the designs of roman openwork fibulas varied significantly, often depending on the region and the period. some featured abstract or geometric patterns, while others displayed more elaborate motifs, such as animals, mythological creatures, or symbols with cultural or religious significance. the openwork design allowed artisans to showcase their skill, creating delicate patterns that were both aesthetically pleasing and structurally sound. fibulas with such intricate designs were often worn by wealthier individuals or members of the military, as they conveyed status and were often used to signify rank or allegiance within the roman army. \n \n openwork fibulas were not just limited to personal adornment; they also played a role in the cultural and artistic exchanges within the roman empire. as roman territories expanded, fibula designs began to incorporate styles and motifs from the different regions they conquered, blending roman traditions with local artistry. for example, celtic, germanic, and eastern influences can be seen in the evolving styles of fibulas, making them a rich source of information about the cultural interactions within the empire."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"89","title":{"es":"roman openwork fibula"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17462/view","directSalePrice":30,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:00:18.230Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":17462,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17463/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17463/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17463/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17463/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17463/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired in the late 1960s-early 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in ancient roman society, used for securing doors, chests, and other locked items, reflecting both practical utility and social status. typically made from materials like bronze or iron, roman keys were often small and intricately designed to fit into complex locks, which were a common feature in roman homes, shops, and public buildings. the locks they operated were generally made of wood or metal and could be quite sophisticated, incorporating pin-and-tumbler mechanisms similar to modern locks. keys were often carried on a person, and their design sometimes included a ring-shaped handle, allowing them to double as finger rings, a practical solution that made them easy to carry and also a display of wealth or status. \n \n keys held symbolic value in roman society as well. for wealthy romans, owning and using keys was a marker of personal security and control over valuable goods, such as money, jewelry, and important documents. the presence of keys signified that someone had possessions worth safeguarding, and they could also represent authority and independence, particularly for roman women. a key ring given to a bride on her wedding day, for example, symbolized her new role as the manager of the household and its resources. keys thus became more than functional objects\u2014they were symbols of trust and responsibility in both personal and public life. \n \n in addition to their daily use in homes and businesses, roman keys have been found in tombs and burial sites, signifying their importance even in death. keys placed in graves could represent the deceased's continued guardianship over their possessions or symbolize their journey to the afterlife, unlocking the gates of the underworld. the craftsmanship and materials used in roman keys provide insight into the technological advancements of the time, as well as the social and economic conditions in which they were created. these small but significant objects tell us much about roman security practices, social norms, and the values attached to ownership and authority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"90","title":{"es":"roman key ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17463/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":65,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.667Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17463,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17464/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17464/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17464/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17464/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17464/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of mercury \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 48 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex private collection formed between 1965 - 1975 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n important: stand not included \n \n roman mercury statuettes were small representations of mercury, the roman god of commerce, communication, travelers, and thieves, who was equivalent to the greek god hermes. mercury was a highly revered deity in roman religion, symbolizing speed, cunning, and the flow of goods and information. these statuettes, often made of bronze, marble, or terracotta, were common household objects and were used in both personal and public spaces, serving as devotional items in homes, marketplaces, or even travelers\u2019 sanctuaries. mercury\u2019s winged cap and caduceus, a staff with two snakes intertwined, are often prominent features in these statuettes, symbolizing his role as the messenger of the gods and a guide for souls. \n \n the popularity of mercury in roman society is reflected in the widespread use of these statuettes, which were not only decorative but also functioned as protective talismans. romans believed that placing a mercury statuette in a home or business would bring good fortune in trade, smooth communication, and protection during travel. his association with commerce made him especially popular among merchants, who would often keep small mercury statuettes in their shops to ensure prosperous transactions. these figurines were also placed in sacred spaces dedicated to mercury, where travelers and merchants would make offerings for safe journeys and successful endeavors. \n \n roman mercury statuettes also reveal the syncretism in roman religion, where mercury's identity was blended with local deities in the regions that rome conquered. in the provinces, especially in gaul and britain, mercury was sometimes fused with local gods of travel or trade, making him an adaptable figure across the empire. the craftsmanship of these statuettes varied greatly, from simple, mass-produced terracotta figures to finely detailed bronze statues that were prized possessions of the wealthier classes."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"91","title":{"es":"roman statuette of mercury"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17464/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.373Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17464,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":450,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17465/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17465/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17465/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17465/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: tabula fragment with inscription \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 52 mm x 56 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2010 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman tabulas with inscriptions are significant artifacts that provide valuable insights into the administrative, legal, and social practices of ancient rome. these tabulas, typically made from materials such as bronze, marble, or stone, were used to record important information, including legal decrees, official records, or public notices. the inscriptions on these tablets were often engraved with precision and served various purposes, such as documenting laws, commemorating events, or recording civic honors. the use of tabulas was essential for the functioning of roman bureaucracy and legal systems, reflecting the empire\u2019s sophisticated approach to record-keeping and governance. \n \n one notable example of roman tabulas with inscriptions is the lex irnitana, a marble tablet inscribed with a legal text from the roman province of hispania. this tablet provides insights into local administrative practices and legal norms during the roman empire. the inscriptions on such tablets were typically written in latin and adhered to a formalized style, ensuring clarity and consistency in the documentation of legal and administrative matters. the use of tabulas for legal inscriptions highlights the importance of written records in maintaining order and ensuring the implementation of laws and policies across the vast roman empire. \n \n in addition to their administrative functions, roman tabulas with inscriptions also served as commemorative and propagandistic tools. for instance, some tabulas were erected to celebrate military victories, honor public figures, or commemorate significant events. these inscriptions often included details about the achievements of emperors, generals, or other notable individuals, serving to reinforce their legacy and public image."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"92","title":{"es":"roman tabula fragment with inscription"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17465/view","directSalePrice":450,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.239Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17465,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17466/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17466/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17466/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17466/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 130 mm x 42 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, cologne, dr. w., 1926 - 2007, collected between 1960 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"93","title":{"es":"roman flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17466/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.375Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17466,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17467/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17467/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17467/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17467/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17467/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: vessel with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: indus valley \n \n period: 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 190 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from various auctions houses and collections before 2000, ex english private collection, cambridgeshire, thence by descent \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n indus valley pottery, originating from the ancient indus valley civilization (circa 3300\u20131300 bce), represents a significant aspect of the material culture of one of the world\u2019s earliest urban civilizations. the pottery from this region is known for its high quality and diverse forms, including both utilitarian and decorative vessels. common types of pottery include storage jars, cooking pots, and serving dishes, all of which were crafted using advanced techniques for their time. the pottery was typically wheel-thrown, allowing for uniform shapes and smooth surfaces, and was often finished with a slip, which is a liquid mixture of clay and water, to create a shiny, polished appearance. \n \n one of the most notable features of indus valley pottery is its distinctive decoration. many pots were adorned with intricate geometric patterns, such as grids, zigzags, and diamonds, often applied using a technique called \"stamping\" or \"incising, \" where designs were pressed into the surface of the wet clay. some pottery also features naturalistic motifs, such as animals or plants, providing insights into the flora and fauna of the region and reflecting the aesthetic preferences of the indus people. the use of red and black slip to create contrasting designs further enhanced the visual appeal of these artifacts, demonstrating a sophisticated approach to artistic expression. \n \n indus valley pottery also provides valuable information about the socio-economic aspects of the civilization. the variety of pottery types suggests a well-developed system of production and trade, with different forms serving specific functions in daily life. the discovery of pottery at various archaeological sites, including major urban centers like mohenjo-daro and harappa, indicates that these vessels were integral to both domestic activities and long-distance trade."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"94","title":{"es":"indus valley vessel with decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17467/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esinternational_southasian","esinternational","esinternational_all","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.376Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17467,"dimensions":{"depth":19},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":60,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17468/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17468/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17468/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: elamite, middle period \n \n period: 1200 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 137 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n elamite period arrowheads, dating from roughly 2700 to 539 bce, provide valuable insights into the military practices and technological advancements of ancient elam, a civilization that flourished in what is now southwestern iran. these arrowheads, typically made of metal such as bronze or iron, were integral to elamite weaponry and warfare. the arrowheads varied in design, reflecting changes in military tactics and advancements in metallurgy over the centuries. common forms include leaf-shaped, barbed, and triangular designs, each serving different purposes in combat, such as penetrating armor or causing more severe wounds. \n \n the craftsmanship of elamite arrowheads showcases the technological expertise of the period. early elamite arrowheads were often forged from bronze and exhibited simple, functional designs. as technology progressed, there was a shift towards more sophisticated designs with improved materials, such as iron, which allowed for sharper and more durable points. this evolution in arrowhead technology reflects broader trends in ancient warfare, including the increased use of metal weaponry and the refinement of weapon-making techniques. the quality and design of these arrowheads also indicate the skill of elamite metalworkers and their ability to adapt to changing military needs. \n \n elamite period arrowheads also hold archaeological significance, as they have been found in various contexts, including battle sites, defensive structures, and burial sites. their presence in these locations helps researchers understand the scale and nature of conflicts in ancient elam. in burial contexts, arrowheads might be included as grave goods, symbolizing the warrior status of the deceased or reflecting the martial culture of the time."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"95","title":{"es":"elamite arrowhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17468/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":60,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.669Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17468,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17469/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17469/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17469/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17469/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17469/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: 'frog' oil lamp, type shier a 5.2 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: 2nd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 64 mm x 76 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, new york, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptian frog oil lamp is a distinctive artifact from the ancient egyptian world, reflecting the culture's practical ingenuity and symbolic use of everyday objects. these lamps, often made from materials such as pottery or stone, were designed to hold and burn oil, typically olive oil, to provide light. the frog shape of the lamp was not merely decorative but also held symbolic significance. frogs were associated with fertility and rebirth in ancient egyptian culture, as they were among the first animals to appear after the annual flooding of the nile, which was crucial for agriculture. this symbolism likely made the frog-shaped lamps not only functional but also imbued with a deeper cultural meaning. \n \n the design of egyptian frog oil lamps typically features the frog\u2019s body as the main reservoir for the oil, with the frog\u2019s head or back serving as the wick holder. this practical design ensured that the oil was efficiently used and that the lamp provided a steady, even light. the simplicity of the frog design also reflects the broader trend in egyptian art and artifacts, where functional items were often adorned with motifs that carried symbolic or religious significance. these lamps would have been used in various contexts, including domestic settings and religious ceremonies, highlighting their role in both everyday life and ritual practices. \n \n in terms of craftsmanship, the frog oil lamp represents the high level of skill in egyptian pottery and metalwork. the attention to detail in the lamp\u2019s design, from the accurate depiction of the frog\u2019s form to the functional aspects of oil containment and lighting, showcases the blend of artistry and practicality that characterized much of ancient egyptian material culture."},"estimateMax":170,"lotNumber":"96","title":{"es":"egyptian 'frog' oil lamp, type shier a 5.2"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17469/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.378Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac170","currency":"EUR","id":17469,"dimensions":{"depth":7.6},"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17470/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17470/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17470/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17470/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17470/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17470/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: factory oil lamp with makers mark, type buchi x a \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 74 mm x 106 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman oil lamps were essential household items in ancient rome, providing illumination during the evening hours in both private residences and public spaces. these lamps typically consisted of a shallow, bowl-shaped reservoir for holding olive oil, which served as the fuel source, and a central spout or nozzle through which a wick could be inserted. the design of roman oil lamps evolved over time, with variations in shape, size, and decorative motifs reflecting changes in fashion, technology, and cultural influences. \n \n roman oil lamps were often made from clay, although examples crafted from bronze, glass, or other materials also exist. clay lamps were mass-produced in pottery workshops using molds, allowing for efficient production and distribution throughout the roman empire. these lamps were frequently decorated with relief designs, incised motifs, or painted decorations, ranging from simple geometric patterns to elaborate scenes from mythology, daily life, or religious rituals. \n \n the use of oil lamps in ancient rome extended beyond mere illumination, serving as important symbols of domestic life, social customs, and religious practices. oil lamps were commonly used in religious ceremonies and funerary rituals, where they were lit as offerings to the gods or placed in tombs to guide the souls of the deceased to the afterlife. in domestic settings, oil lamps played a central role in daily life, providing light for cooking, eating, and socializing after dark."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"97","title":{"es":"roman factory oil lamp with makers mark, type buchi x a"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17470/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.379Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac220 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17470,"dimensions":{"depth":10.6},"estimateMin":220},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17471/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17471/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17471/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with carnelian \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 19 mm x 18 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, d.t., southern germany, since 1996. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were popular adornments worn by both men and women in ancient rome, serving as symbols of status, identity, and personal style. these rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and gemstones, and featured a wide range of designs, motifs, and inscriptions. roman rings were not only decorative but also carried symbolic and practical significance, often serving as seals, amulets, or markers of social status and affiliation. \n \n the design of roman rings varied depending on factors such as the wearer's gender, social status, and personal preferences. wealthy individuals often wore rings made from precious metals such as gold or silver, adorned with intricate designs, gemstones, or engraved inscriptions. common motifs found on roman rings included mythological figures, animals, floral patterns, and religious symbols, reflecting the diverse cultural influences and artistic traditions of the roman empire. \n \n roman rings were worn for a variety of purposes, including as decorative accessories, status symbols, and talismans for protection or luck. rings were often exchanged as gifts or tokens of affection, used to commemorate important life events such as marriages, births, or victories in battle. additionally, rings were sometimes used as seals for official documents or correspondence, with the wearer's engraved signet serving as a personal signature and mark of authenticity."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"98","title":{"es":"roman ring with carnelian"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17471/view","directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.244Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17471,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":170,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17472/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17472/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17472/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17472/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17472/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: piriform aryballos depicting bands and running dogs \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, proto-corinthian \n \n period: 675 - 650 b.c \n \n dimensions: 72 mm x 37 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection, dr. r.h., acquired in the swiss art market in the 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n proto-corinthian piriform aryballoi depicting running dogs are captivating examples of ancient greek pottery that offer insights into the artistic and cultural milieu of the early archaic period. these vessels, typically crafted from clay and adorned with intricate painted designs, feature scenes of hunting or animal motifs, such as running dogs. the piriform aryballos, with its distinctive pear-shaped body and narrow neck, was commonly used for storing perfumed oils or other precious liquids in ancient greece. \n \n the depiction of running dogs on proto-corinthian aryballoi suggests a connection to the world of hunting and outdoor pursuits, which held significant cultural and symbolic importance in ancient greek society. dogs were valued companions and skilled hunters in greek culture, often portrayed in art and literature as faithful allies of heroes and gods. scenes of running dogs on pottery may have served as visual representations of the hunt or as symbols of strength, agility, and loyalty. \n \n proto-corinthian aryballoi with running dog motifs also showcase the artistic techniques and stylistic conventions of the time. the intricate designs were painted using a black-figure technique, where black pigment was applied to the clay surface using fine brushes or incised lines, creating detailed patterns and images against a reddish-orange background. these vessels were produced in workshops throughout the greek world, with distinctive regional variations in style and iconography."},"estimateMax":380,"lotNumber":"99","title":{"es":"greek, proto-corinthian piriform aryballos depicting bands and running dogs"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17472/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":170,"soldPrice":170,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:19.380Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac280 - \u20ac380","currency":"EUR","id":17472,"dimensions":{"depth":3.7},"estimateMin":280},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17473/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17473/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17473/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17473/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17473/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice.  greek bronze rings were common personal adornments worn by individuals of various social classes throughout ancient greece. these rings were typically crafted from bronze, a durable alloy composed primarily of copper and tin, and were often adorned with decorative motifs, engraved patterns, or inset gemstones. greek bronze rings served both practical and symbolic purposes, functioning as symbols of status, identity, and personal taste.  bronze rings in ancient greece came in a variety of styles and designs, reflecting the diverse artistic traditions and cultural influences of different regions and time periods. some rings featured simple bands or hoops, while others were more elaborate, incorporating intricate filigree work, geometric patterns, or mythological symbols. rings were worn on different fingers, with the left hand typically reserved for marriage and engagement rings, while the right hand was adorned with rings for personal adornment or as symbols of social status.  bronze rings were important artifacts in ancient greek society, offering valuable insights into the material culture, craftsmanship, and social customs of the time. they were often exchanged as gifts or tokens of affection between friends, family members, or lovers, serving as tangible expressions of sentiment and connection. additionally, bronze rings were sometimes buried with the deceased as grave goods, reflecting beliefs about the afterlife and the continuity of personal identity beyond death."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"100","title":{"es":"greek ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17473/view","directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.246Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17473,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17474/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17474/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17474/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17474/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17474/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with three papyrus stalks above a neb (\u201clord\u201d) hieroglyph \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: new kingdom, 18th dynasty, 1550 - 1450 b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"101","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with three papyrus stalks above a neb (\u201clord\u201d) hieroglyph"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17474/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:54.334Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17474,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":300,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17475/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17475/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17475/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17475/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: janiform bottle \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 35 mm \n \n condition: good condition, restored \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, ex christie's, 20 april 2005, lot 42 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman janiform bottle, an intriguing artifact from the roman period, is a distinctive type of vessel characterized by its dual-faced design. the term \"janiform\" derives from janus, the roman god of beginnings and transitions, who was often depicted with two faces looking in opposite directions. this duality is reflected in the design of the janiform bottle, which features two separate, distinct faces or heads on a single body. these bottles were typically made from glass, but examples in ceramics and bronze also exist. the design was both functional and symbolic, embodying the concept of duality and transition, which was significant in roman culture. \n \n the janiform bottle was commonly used for storing liquids such as perfumes, oils, or medicinal concoctions. its unique design, with two faces, allowed for a practical use: the bottle could have two different spouts or openings, making it easier to pour from one side while keeping the other side sealed. the decorative aspect of the bottle, featuring stylized or naturalistic faces, often reflected the aesthetic tastes of the period and might have included motifs associated with deities, personifications, or symbolic figures. the craftsmanship involved in creating these bottles, especially in glass, demonstrates the advanced techniques employed by roman artisans and their ability to merge functionality with artistic expression. \n \n the janiform bottle's design also held cultural and symbolic significance. the dual-faced motif resonated with themes of transition, duality, and duality in roman religion and mythology. by incorporating such symbolism into everyday objects, these bottles served not only a practical purpose but also a ritualistic or decorative one."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"102","title":{"es":"roman janiform bottle, ex christie's"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17475/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:39.276Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac700 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17475,"estimateMin":700},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17476/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17476/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17476/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17476/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a dolphin \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient rome, dolphins held significant symbolic meaning and were often associated with various aspects of roman life, including maritime trade, naval power, and mythology. depictions of dolphins, particularly in jewelry such as rings, were common in roman art and material culture, serving both decorative and symbolic purposes. dolphin-shaped rings were popular accessories worn by individuals of various social classes, showcasing the wearer's affinity for the sea, wealth, or personal taste. \n \n dolphin-shaped rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and precious gemstones, with each material conveying different messages and social statuses. gold dolphin rings, for example, were considered luxurious items reserved for the elite and symbolized wealth, status, and prosperity. silver and bronze dolphin rings were more affordable and accessible to the general populace, serving as fashionable accessories worn for everyday adornment and personal style. \n \n the dolphin motif in roman rings also carried symbolic significance beyond mere aesthetics. dolphins were often associated with the god neptune, the roman god of the sea, who was depicted riding dolphins in classical art and mythology. additionally, dolphins were believed to be creatures of good fortune and protection, and wearing a dolphin ring was thought to bring luck and safeguard the wearer from harm during sea voyages or maritime endeavors."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"103","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting a dolphin"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17476/view","directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.248Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17476,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17477/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17477/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17477/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17477/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17477/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17477/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp with cross \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, christian \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 31 mm x 54 mm x 76 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n christian oil lamps from the roman period are notable artifacts that reflect the early development of christianity and its integration into roman daily life. these lamps, made from materials like terracotta, glass, or bronze, were used to provide light and were often found in domestic and funerary contexts. unlike their pagan counterparts, christian oil lamps typically feature christian symbols and iconography, marking a significant shift in religious practices and artistic expression during the late roman empire. common christian motifs include the chi-rho (a monogram of christ), the fish symbol (ichthys), and biblical scenes or figures, which were employed to subtly indicate the owner's faith. \n \n the design and production of christian oil lamps reveal much about the transition from pagan to christian symbols in roman art. early christian lamps often incorporated traditional lamp forms but were adorned with symbols and inscriptions that reflected christian beliefs and values. this adaptation of existing forms allowed christians to practice their faith discreetly, especially during periods of persecution. as christianity became more accepted, the symbolic designs on oil lamps became more overt and elaborate, showcasing a growing confidence and influence within the roman empire. these lamps were not only practical tools for illumination but also served as expressions of faith and identity. \n \n christian oil lamps also played a role in funerary practices and early christian burials. in many cases, lamps were placed in graves or tombs as part of the burial rites, symbolizing the light of christ and the promise of eternal life. the presence of christian symbols on these lamps in funerary contexts highlights the evolving religious beliefs and the importance of christian rituals in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"104","title":{"es":"christian oil lamp with cross"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17477/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:39.278Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17477,"dimensions":{"depth":7.6},"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17478/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17478/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17478/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17478/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17478/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17478/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: shabti with hieroglyphs \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 81 mm x 24 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n egyptian shabtis, also known as ushabtis, are small funerary figurines that played a crucial role in ancient egyptian burial practices. these figures, typically made from materials like faience, wood, or stone, were placed in tombs to serve as surrogate laborers for the deceased in the afterlife. the primary purpose of shabtis was to perform manual labor on behalf of the deceased in the fields of the afterlife, thus ensuring that the deceased would have assistance in their eternal existence. shabtis were usually inscribed with spells from the \"book of the dead\" or other funerary texts, which were meant to invoke their services in the afterlife. \n \n the design and appearance of shabtis evolved over time, reflecting changes in artistic styles and religious practices. early shabtis were relatively simple and unadorned, but by the new kingdom (c. 1550\u20131070 bce), they became more elaborate and were often painted with intricate details. common features include a mummy-like appearance, with the figure depicted in a wrapped, sarcophagus-like pose, and sometimes holding agricultural tools such as hoes or sickles, symbolizing their intended tasks in the afterlife. the more affluent or high-status individuals had shabtis of superior craftsmanship and material, sometimes including hundreds of these figures in their tombs to ensure ample labor in the afterlife. \n \n shabtis also offer insights into the socio-religious aspects of ancient egyptian culture. the use of these figurines underscores the importance of the afterlife in egyptian religion, where ensuring that one had enough shabtis could be seen as a measure of one's devotion and wealth. the variety of shabtis found in different tombs provides information about social status, religious beliefs, and the evolution of funerary practices over centuries."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"105","title":{"es":"egyptian shabti with hieroglyphs"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17478/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:39.279Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17478,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17479/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17479/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17479/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17479/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17479/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: medical instrument, razor with ear scoop \n \n material: bronze and iron \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 125 mm x 17 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, london, acquired before 1980. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman medical instruments provide a fascinating glimpse into the practice of medicine in ancient rome, reflecting the sophisticated level of medical knowledge and surgical techniques of the time. roman medical instruments were crafted from materials like bronze, iron, and sometimes silver, and they include a variety of tools used for different medical procedures. common instruments found include scalpels, forceps, surgical needles, and bone levers. these tools were designed with precision and functionality in mind, indicating a high degree of skill among roman medical practitioners and surgeons. \n \n the use of these instruments is well-documented in ancient roman medical texts, such as those by galen, a prominent physician of the time. galen's writings provide detailed descriptions of various medical practices, including the use of specific instruments for procedures like amputations, trepanations (removing part of the skull to treat head injuries or disorders), and cataract surgeries. the sophistication of these instruments suggests that roman medicine was advanced for its time, with a clear understanding of both anatomy and the practical aspects of surgical intervention. the preservation of these instruments in archaeological finds highlights their importance in medical practice and their role in the daily lives of roman physicians. \n \n roman medical instruments also shed light on the broader medical practices and beliefs of the period. the presence of these tools in both military and civilian contexts indicates that medical care was a priority in roman society, with the military especially emphasizing the need for efficient medical treatments due to the nature of warfare and injuries. additionally, the craftsmanship of these instruments reflects the integration of greek medical knowledge and roman innovations, illustrating how roman medicine built upon and expanded earlier traditions."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"106","title":{"es":"roman medical instrument, razor with ear scoop"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17479/view","tags":["escollectibles_scientificinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:54.338Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17479,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17480/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17480/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17480/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: elamite, middle period \n \n period: 1200 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 107 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n elamite period arrowheads, dating from roughly 2700 to 539 bce, provide valuable insights into the military practices and technological advancements of ancient elam, a civilization that flourished in what is now southwestern iran. these arrowheads, typically made of metal such as bronze or iron, were integral to elamite weaponry and warfare. the arrowheads varied in design, reflecting changes in military tactics and advancements in metallurgy over the centuries. common forms include leaf-shaped, barbed, and triangular designs, each serving different purposes in combat, such as penetrating armor or causing more severe wounds. \n \n the craftsmanship of elamite arrowheads showcases the technological expertise of the period. early elamite arrowheads were often forged from bronze and exhibited simple, functional designs. as technology progressed, there was a shift towards more sophisticated designs with improved materials, such as iron, which allowed for sharper and more durable points. this evolution in arrowhead technology reflects broader trends in ancient warfare, including the increased use of metal weaponry and the refinement of weapon-making techniques. the quality and design of these arrowheads also indicate the skill of elamite metalworkers and their ability to adapt to changing military needs. \n \n elamite period arrowheads also hold archaeological significance, as they have been found in various contexts, including battle sites, defensive structures, and burial sites. their presence in these locations helps researchers understand the scale and nature of conflicts in ancient elam. in burial contexts, arrowheads might be included as grave goods, symbolizing the warrior status of the deceased or reflecting the martial culture of the time."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"107","title":{"es":"elamite arrowhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17480/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:54.339Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17480,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17481/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17481/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17481/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17481/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17481/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: roman flask, amphora shape \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 92 mm x 24 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, cologne, dr. w., 1926 - 2007, collected between 1960 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"108","title":{"es":"roman flask, amphora shape"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17481/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:39.281Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17481,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17482/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17482/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17482/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with fulmen (thunderbolt) and monogram \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 16 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired before 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets, used primarily as projectiles in ancient warfare, offer intriguing insights into the military technology and tactics of the classical greek period. these small, often spherical or oval-shaped stones were designed to be slung from a sling, a simple but effective ranged weapon that allowed soldiers to hurl projectiles with considerable force and accuracy. the bullets were typically made from materials like lead or stone and were sometimes hollowed out or shaped to optimize their aerodynamic properties. the design of these sling bullets was crucial for enhancing their effectiveness in combat, allowing for both defensive and offensive uses in battles and sieges. \n \n one of the most notable aspects of greek sling bullets is their inscribed or molded decorations, which can include inscriptions, symbols, or images. these inscriptions often served practical purposes, such as marking ownership or indicating the unit or city-state of the sling bullet\u2019s user. in some cases, inscriptions could also be used to convey threats or messages to enemies. the presence of these inscriptions provides valuable historical and cultural context, reflecting the importance of propaganda and psychological warfare in greek military strategy. the personalization of sling bullets also underscores the role of individual soldiers and their contributions to broader military campaigns. \n \n the use and production of sling bullets also reflect broader aspects of greek society and technology. the craftsmanship involved in creating these projectiles, including the casting of lead bullets and the shaping of stone, demonstrates advanced metalworking and stone-carving skills. the widespread discovery of greek sling bullets in archaeological sites across the mediterranean reveals their extensive use and distribution, highlighting the role of slingers as an integral part of greek military forces."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"109","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with fulmen (thunderbolt) and monogram"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17482/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:54.342Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17482,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17483/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17483/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17483/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17483/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17483/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1550 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 185 mm x 155 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n bronze age pottery in the holy land, spanning the third to the early second millennium bce, reveals a rich and diverse ceramic tradition that reflects the cultural and technological developments of the time. one notable period within the bronze age is the early bronze age (circa 3300\u20132000 bce), during which the holy land witnessed the rise of urban centers and complex societies. pottery from this era is characterized by wheel-made vessels adorned with intricate designs and distinctive shapes. \n \n in the subsequent middle bronze age (circa 2000\u20131550 bce), the holy land continued to witness advancements in pottery production. this period saw the emergence of a variety of vessel forms, including cooking pots, storage jars, and ritual vessels. red-slipped pottery, where the surface is coated with a fine red slip, became prevalent during this time, and intricate painted decorations, often depicting geometric patterns or stylized animals, adorned the vessels. \n \n the late bronze age (circa 1550\u20131200 bce) marked another significant phase in the holy land's ceramic history. with the rise of powerful city-states and international trade networks, pottery styles became influenced by neighboring cultures. mycenaean and minoan influences are evident in some pottery, showcasing the interconnectedness of the region during this period. the late bronze age also witnessed the production of elaborate and finely crafted pottery, including chalices and libation vessels, often associated with religious and ceremonial practices. overall, bronze age pottery in the holy land provides valuable insights into the social, economic, and religious aspects of ancient communities, offering a tangible link to the past."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"110","title":{"es":"bronze age jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17483/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:39.282Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17483,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17484/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17484/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17484/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17484/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a horse \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: luristan \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 36 mm x 54 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, a.d, acquired in 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n luristan statuettes of horses are artifacts originating from the ancient region of luristan, located in modern-day western iran. these bronze statuettes are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and artistic detail, reflecting the skills of the artisans who produced them during the iron age, approximately from the 10th to the 7th century bce. the luristan statuettes of horses are characterized by their dynamic and lifelike poses, capturing the vitality and strength of the animals they represent. \n \n the luristan statuettes of horses typically depict the animals in various poses, such as standing, trotting, or rearing, often with intricate details such as finely rendered manes, tails, and facial features. these statuettes were likely used for votive or ceremonial purposes, possibly as offerings in religious rituals or as symbols of status and wealth. horses held significant cultural and symbolic importance in ancient luristan society, serving as symbols of power, mobility, and prestige. \n \n the discovery of luristan statuettes of horses provides valuable insights into the artistic and cultural practices of ancient iranian civilizations during the iron age. these artifacts demonstrate the mastery of bronze casting techniques by luristan artisans and highlight the importance of horses in the socio-economic and religious life of the region."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"111","title":{"es":"luristan statuette of a horse"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17484/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.497Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17484,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17485/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17485/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with inscription 'na / mer' \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 12 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 \u2013 1990 \n \n parallel: draskowski, n., & weiss, p., neue griechische schleuderbleie. tissaphernes und weitere kommandeure, p. 148 - 149 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n luristan statuettes of horses are artifacts originating from the ancient region of luristan, located in modern-day western iran. these bronze statuettes are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and artistic detail, reflecting the skills of the artisans who produced them during the iron age, approximately from the 10th to the 7th century bce. the luristan statuettes of horses are characterized by their dynamic and lifelike poses, capturing the vitality and strength of the animals they represent. \n \n the luristan statuettes of horses typically depict the animals in various poses, such as standing, trotting, or rearing, often with intricate details such as finely rendered manes, tails, and facial features. these statuettes were likely used for votive or ceremonial purposes, possibly as offerings in religious rituals or as symbols of status and wealth. horses held significant cultural and symbolic importance in ancient luristan society, serving as symbols of power, mobility, and prestige. \n \n the discovery of luristan statuettes of horses provides valuable insights into the artistic and cultural practices of ancient iranian civilizations during the iron age. these artifacts demonstrate the mastery of bronze casting techniques by luristan artisans and highlight the importance of horses in the socio-economic and religious life of the region."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"112","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with inscription 'na / mer'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17485/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:54.344Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17485,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":190,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17486/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17486/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17486/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: seleucid empire \n \n period: battle against the hasmoneans, 138 b.c \n \n dimensions: 37 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 08.99.16\u2013.17 \n \n mazis m., wright n.l., archers, antiochos vii sidetes, and the arrowheads, p. 207, fig. a to d \n \n \n t. ariel, d., archaeological evidence for the siege of jerusalem by antiochus vii sidetes, p. 241-242 \n  \n  \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n  \n antiochos vii sidetes, a king of the seleucid empire, ruled from 138 to 129 bce. he is often remembered for attempting to restore the waning power of the seleucid state, which had been severely weakened by internal strife and external threats. after ascending to the throne, antiochos vii set his sights on reclaiming territories lost to rival factions, including the judean kingdom led by the hasmonean dynasty. his campaign against the hasmoneans, a jewish ruling family that had established a semi-independent state, was part of his broader strategy to reassert seleucid dominance over the region. \n \n \n the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans reached a peak during his siege of jerusalem in 134 bce. at this time, john hyrcanus, the hasmonean ruler, was consolidating his power in judea after the death of his father, simon maccabeus. despite their initial resistance, the hasmoneans were forced to negotiate with antiochos vii, who had superior military strength. the siege concluded with a compromise: the hasmoneans retained some level of autonomy, but they were required to pay tribute and acknowledge seleucid authority. this outcome demonstrated antiochos vii\u2019s pragmatic approach to dealing with rebellious territories. \n \n \n however, antiochos vii's successes in judea were short-lived. he soon launched an ambitious campaign against the parthians, who posed a significant threat to the eastern borders of the seleucid empire. this campaign ended in disaster, as antiochos vii was killed in 129 bce. his death marked the effective end of seleucid influence in judea, allowing the hasmoneans to further consolidate their power and eventually gain full independence. the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans symbolizes the decline of the seleucid empire and the rise of the hasmonean dynasty in the region."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"113","title":{"es":"seleucid arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17486/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":190,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:54.345Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17486,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":190,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17487/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17487/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17487/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17487/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: piriform aryballos depicting bands and running dogs \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, proto-corinthian \n \n period: 7th - 6th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 85 mm x 50 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection, h.d., acquired in the swiss art market between 1920s - 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n proto-corinthian piriform aryballoi depicting running dogs are captivating examples of ancient greek pottery that offer insights into the artistic and cultural milieu of the early archaic period. these vessels, typically crafted from clay and adorned with intricate painted designs, feature scenes of hunting or animal motifs, such as running dogs. the piriform aryballos, with its distinctive pear-shaped body and narrow neck, was commonly used for storing perfumed oils or other precious liquids in ancient greece. \n \n the depiction of running dogs on proto-corinthian aryballoi suggests a connection to the world of hunting and outdoor pursuits, which held significant cultural and symbolic importance in ancient greek society. dogs were valued companions and skilled hunters in greek culture, often portrayed in art and literature as faithful allies of heroes and gods. scenes of running dogs on pottery may have served as visual representations of the hunt or as symbols of strength, agility, and loyalty. \n \n proto-corinthian aryballoi with running dog motifs also showcase the artistic techniques and stylistic conventions of the time. the intricate designs were painted using a black-figure technique, where black pigment was applied to the clay surface using fine brushes or incised lines, creating detailed patterns and images against a reddish-orange background. these vessels were produced in workshops throughout the greek world, with distinctive regional variations in style and iconography."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"114","title":{"es":"greek, proto-corinthian piriform aryballos depicting bands and running dogs"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17487/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":190,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.500Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17487,"dimensions":{"depth":5},"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":600,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17488/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: funnel krater \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, daunia \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 265 mm x 280 mm x 315 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, south of france, acquired in 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the daunian funnel krater is a distinctive type of ancient greek pottery, originating from the daunian region of southern italy, which was inhabited by the daunians\u2014a people closely related to the greeks and their cultural influences. this type of krater is characterized by its wide, funnel-shaped mouth, which is designed to facilitate the mixing of wine and water, a common practice in ancient greek symposiums. the funnel krater, often made from local clay, exhibits the artistry and technical skill of daunian potters, blending greek influences with indigenous styles. \n \n the decoration of daunian funnel kraters often features intricate geometric patterns, stylized human figures, and mythological scenes, reflecting both local artistic traditions and greek influences. the motifs on these kraters can include depictions of gods, heroes, and daily life, showcasing a rich blend of cultural elements. the use of these kraters in ceremonial contexts, such as feasts and rituals, highlights their importance not only as functional vessels but also as objects of artistic and cultural expression. the craftsmanship involved in creating these kraters demonstrates the advanced pottery techniques of the daunian artisans and their ability to integrate various artistic influences. \n \n archaeological findings of daunian funnel kraters, especially in tombs and ceremonial sites, provide valuable insights into the social and ritual practices of the daunian people. these vessels were not only used for practical purposes but also served as symbols of social status and cultural identity. the presence of funnel kraters in funerary contexts suggests that they held significant ritualistic and symbolic value, possibly related to the afterlife and the honoring of the deceased."},"estimateMax":1100,"lotNumber":"115","title":{"es":"greek funnel krater"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17488/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.501Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac1,100","currency":"EUR","id":17488,"dimensions":{"depth":31.5},"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17489/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17489/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17489/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17489/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17489/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17489/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: kylix \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 215 mm x 150 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired in the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek kylix is a type of ancient ceramic drinking cup characterized by its shallow, broad bowl and horizontal handles. popular from the 6th to the 4th centuries bce, the kylix was commonly used during symposiums, the social drinking parties of ancient greece. its design allowed for ease of use while reclining, which was typical during these gatherings. the kylix's wide rim and low profile made it ideal for holding and sipping wine, often diluted with water, in a leisurely and communal setting. the shape and functionality of the kylix reflect the importance of drinking customs and social interaction in greek culture. \n \n one of the most notable features of greek kylixes is their decoration. the exterior and interior of these cups were often adorned with intricate and colorful scenes painted by skilled artisans. the most famous decoration technique used on kylixes is the red-figure and black-figure styles. the black-figure technique, which was prevalent earlier, involved painting figures in a black slip on the natural red clay, while the red-figure technique, which emerged later, allowed for more detailed and dynamic depictions by painting the background black and leaving the figures in red. common themes on kylixes include mythological scenes, athletic competitions, and everyday life, providing valuable insights into greek art, beliefs, and daily activities. \n \n the kylix also played a role in the development of greek art and aesthetics. its design and decoration evolved over time, reflecting changes in artistic styles and techniques. the shift from black-figure to red-figure pottery marked a significant advancement in greek ceramic art, allowing for greater detail and naturalism in the depiction of human figures and scenes. additionally, the kylix's use in various rituals and its depiction in art highlight its cultural significance, serving not only as a functional drinking vessel but also as a canvas for artistic expression and a marker of social status."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"116","title":{"es":"greek kylix"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17489/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.503Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac350 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17489,"dimensions":{"depth":15},"estimateMin":350},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17490/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17490/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17490/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17490/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pendant with alexander the great drachm. obverse: head of herakles wearing lion-skin head-dress. reverse: zeus enthroned holding eagle and sceptre. \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 33 mm x 24 mm \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade circular silver setting. \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n alexander iii of macedon, commonly known as alexander the great, was a king of the ancient greek kingdom of macedon. he succeeded his father philip ii to the throne in 336 bc at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout western asia and egypt. by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from greece to northwestern india. he was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. \n \n until the age of 16, alexander was tutored by aristotle. in 335 bc, shortly after his assumption of kingship over macedon, he campaigned in the balkans and reasserted control over thrace and illyria before marching on the city of thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. alexander then led the league of corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all greeks in their conquest of persia. \n \n in 334 bc, he invaded the achaemenid persian empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. following his conquest of asia minor, alexander broke the power of achaemenid persia in a series of decisive battles, including those at issus and gaugamela; he subsequently overthrew darius iii and conquered the achaemenid empire in its entirety. after the fall of persia, the macedonian empire held a vast swath of territory between the adriatic sea and the indus river. alexander endeavored to reach the \"ends of the world and the great outer sea\" and invaded india in 326 bc, achieving an important victory over porus, an ancient indian king of present-day punjab, at the battle of the hydaspes. due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the beas river and later died in 323 bc in babylon, the city of mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a greek invasion of arabia. in the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the macedonian empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the diadochi. \n \n with his death marking the start of the hellenistic period, alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism that his conquests engendered, such as greco-buddhism and hellenistic judaism. he founded more than twenty cities that bore his name, with the most prominent being the city of alexandria in egypt. alexander's settlement of greek colonists and the resulting spread of greek culture led to the overwhelming dominance of hellenistic civilization and influence as far east as the indian subcontinent. the hellenistic period developed through the roman empire into modern western culture; the greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the byzantine empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century ad. greek-speaking communities in central anatolia and in far-eastern anatolia survived until the greek genocide of the 1910s and early 1920s as well as the greek\u2013turkish population exchange of the mid-1920s. alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of achilles, featuring prominently in the historical and mythical traditions of both greek and non-greek cultures. his military achievements and unprecedented enduring successes in battle made him the measure against which many later military leaders would compare themselves, and his tactics remain a significant subject of study in military academies worldwide."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"117","title":{"es":"greek pendant with alexander the great drachm"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17490/view","tags":["esjewelry_necklacespendants","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.505Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17490,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17491/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17491/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17491/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17491/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cross pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 7th - 10th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 57 mm x 34 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n byzantine cross pendants are iconic symbols of the byzantine empire's religious and cultural identity. these pendants, often crafted from materials such as gold, silver, or bronze, were worn as personal adornments and religious symbols by byzantine christians. the design of byzantine cross pendants typically featured a distinctive form known as the byzantine cross, characterized by equal-length arms that intersect at the center, with a smaller crossbar above the intersection. this design is rich in symbolism, representing the intersection of heaven and earth, as well as the unity of the holy trinity. \n \n byzantine cross pendants were not only decorative but also served as expressions of faith and devotion. they were worn by byzantine christians as a means of displaying their religious beliefs and affiliations, serving as constant reminders of their commitment to christianity and their allegiance to the byzantine emperor as the defender of the faith. byzantine cross pendants were often adorned with religious imagery, such as depictions of christ, the virgin mary, saints, or angels, further emphasizing their spiritual significance. \n \n the craftsmanship of byzantine cross pendants was highly sophisticated, with artisans employing techniques such as filigree, enameling, and gemstone setting to create intricate designs and decorative motifs. these pendants were sometimes inscribed with prayers, blessings, or religious invocations, adding to their sacred aura and protective qualities."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"118","title":{"es":"byzantine cross pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17491/view","directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:13:37.158Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17491,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":60,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17492/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17492/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17492/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17492/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a horse \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 41 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in the roman period, statuettes of horses held various symbolic and practical roles in roman society. horses were crucial to the roman military, agriculture, and transportation, and their representation in art and statuary reflected their importance. small bronze or terracotta horse statuettes were popular as decorative items in domestic settings, showcasing the romans' appreciation for the beauty and strength of these animals. these statuettes were often crafted with great attention to detail, capturing the anatomy and spirit of the horse in a miniature form. \n \n horse statuettes also had a significant role in religious practices and rituals. in the roman pantheon, various deities were associated with horses, such as neptune, the god of the sea, who was often depicted with sea horses. epona, a celtic-roman goddess, was specifically linked to horses and was worshipped as a protector of horses and riders. as such, horse statuettes were used as votive offerings in temples dedicated to these deities or as personal talismans for those seeking divine favor or protection for their equine companions. \n \n additionally, horse statuettes were employed in funerary contexts. they were sometimes placed in tombs or used as grave markers to symbolize the deceased's affinity for horses or their status in the afterlife. the roman belief in an afterlife and the importance of personal possessions in burial practices led to the inclusion of various symbolic items, including horse statuettes, to accompany individuals into the next realm."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"119","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a horse"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17492/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":60,"soldPrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.507Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17492,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17493/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17493/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17493/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17493/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: marriage ring \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 5th - 7th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: broken \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired in the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n marriage rings from the byzantine period offer a fascinating glimpse into the personal and cultural practices of the byzantine empire, which spanned from the 4th to the 15th centuries ce. these rings were often crafted from precious metals such as gold or silver and sometimes adorned with gemstones or intricate designs. unlike their roman predecessors, byzantine marriage rings frequently featured christian symbols, reflecting the religious and cultural transformation of the empire. common motifs included crosses, inscriptions, and religious icons, which not only symbolized the sanctity of the marriage bond but also served as a testament to the couple's faith. \n \n the design and craftsmanship of byzantine marriage rings reveal the high level of artistry and attention to detail in byzantine jewelry. artisans employed various techniques, including engraving, enameling, and the setting of gemstones, to create rings that were both aesthetically pleasing and meaningful. rings from this period often included inscriptions in greek, such as the names of the couple or biblical verses, which imbued the ring with a personal and spiritual significance. the use of symbolism and religious iconography in these rings underscores the importance of marriage as a sacred institution in byzantine society and highlights the influence of christianity on everyday life. \n \n the study of byzantine marriage rings also provides insights into social customs and status during this period. these rings were not only personal tokens of love and commitment but also indicators of social standing and wealth. the quality of the materials and the complexity of the designs could reflect the couple's affluence and position within society. additionally, the surviving examples of byzantine marriage rings found in archaeological contexts, such as churches and graves, offer valuable information about the distribution of jewelry and the practices associated with marriage and personal adornment in the byzantine empire."},"estimateMax":290,"lotNumber":"120","title":{"es":"byzantine marriage ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17493/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:36.508Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac220 - \u20ac290","currency":"EUR","id":17493,"estimateMin":220},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17494/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17494/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17494/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17494/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: horse harness fitting depicting saint with cross \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 5th - 7th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 68 mm x 66 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired in the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a horse harness fitting depicting a saint with a cross from the byzantine period is a notable example of the intersection between art, religion, and practical objects in byzantine culture. these fittings were part of the elaborate horse tack used by the elite, including military commanders and high-ranking officials. the depiction of a saint, often associated with christian iconography, on such a fitting serves both a decorative and symbolic function. it highlights the byzantine emphasis on integrating religious elements into everyday objects, reflecting the strong influence of christianity in all aspects of life during this period. \n \n the craftsmanship of byzantine horse harness fittings is remarkable for its attention to detail and the use of materials such as gold, silver, or enamel. the saintly figures depicted on these fittings were often rendered with a high degree of artistry, showcasing the skills of byzantine metalworkers and jewelers. the imagery typically included a saint holding a cross, which served not only as a religious symbol but also as a sign of divine protection for the rider and their horse. the cross itself, a prominent symbol of christianity, emphasized the sanctity of the individual and their commitment to the faith, linking the secular use of the harness fitting with spiritual significance. \n \n these artifacts also provide valuable insights into byzantine social and military customs. the presence of religious imagery on horse harness fittings indicates the importance of faith in public and ceremonial life. such fittings were often worn during official events, military parades, or religious processions, underscoring their role in both secular and sacred contexts. the use of religious symbolism on these practical items also reflects the broader byzantine practice of imbuing everyday objects with spiritual meaning, reinforcing the pervasive influence of christianity throughout byzantine society."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"121","title":{"es":"byzantine horse harness fitting depicting saint with cross"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17494/view","directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:16:47.562Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17494,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":280,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17495/008/008.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp with inscription 'the light of christ shines for all' \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 4th - 5th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 30 mm x 59 mm x 85 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex palestine private collection, acquired in the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a byzantine oil lamp inscribed with the phrase \"the light of christ shines for all\" is a remarkable artifact that reflects the deep spiritual and theological beliefs of the byzantine empire. this inscription emphasizes the central role of christianity in daily life and religious practices during the byzantine period. oil lamps were essential for both practical illumination and religious rituals, and incorporating a christian message into their design highlights the integration of faith into everyday objects. the inscription serves as both a devotional statement and a reminder of the divine presence in the lives of believers, making the lamp a significant symbol of christian piety and enlightenment. \n \n the design and craftsmanship of byzantine oil lamps were highly refined, often made from materials such as clay, metal, or glass. these lamps frequently featured intricate decorations, including religious symbols, motifs, and inscriptions. the inclusion of the inscription \"the light of christ shines for all\" on the lamp would have been achieved through engraving or molding, demonstrating the skill of byzantine artisans. this inscription not only personalized the lamp but also reinforced the idea that light, both physical and spiritual, is a manifestation of christ's presence and guidance in the world. the lamp's practical function as a source of light was thus imbued with deep religious significance. \n \n in addition to its spiritual message, the byzantine oil lamp with this inscription provides valuable insights into the religious and cultural practices of the period. the lamp would have been used in private homes, churches, or during religious ceremonies, emphasizing the importance of maintaining a connection with the divine in various aspects of life. the presence of such an inscription also reflects the broader trend of incorporating christian themes into art and everyday objects, illustrating how byzantine art and material culture were deeply intertwined with religious beliefs."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"122","title":{"es":"byzantine oil lamp with inscription 'the light of christ shines for all'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17495/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"soldPrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.824Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17495,"dimensions":{"depth":8.5},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":350,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17496/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17496/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17496/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17496/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17496/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of priapus \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 104 mm x 39 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman priapus, a deity of fertility, agriculture, and male potency, was a prominent figure in roman religion and culture. originating from earlier greek traditions, priapus was worshipped in both rural and urban settings, often associated with gardens, orchards, and livestock. he was depicted as a rustic god with an exaggerated phallic symbol, which was intended to ward off evil spirits and ensure fertility and prosperity. priapus's representations often combined humor and fertility symbolism, reflecting both his protective role and the more earthy aspects of roman religious practice. \n \n the worship of priapus involved various rituals and offerings, particularly in agricultural settings. statues and figurines of priapus were commonly placed in gardens and fields to safeguard crops and ensure a good harvest. these depictions frequently featured him with a prominent erect phallus, emphasizing his association with fertility and reproductive success. in roman homes, priapus was sometimes included in domestic spaces to protect the household and ensure the well-being of the family. his presence in these spaces underscores the integration of religious beliefs into daily life and the importance of securing divine favor for personal and economic prosperity. \n \n priapus's role and representation in roman culture also reflect broader themes in roman religion and art. his depiction was not only a reflection of fertility and abundance but also a way to address the anxieties and needs of agricultural and domestic life. roman priapus embodies the roman approach to deities, which often involved blending earlier religious traditions with local beliefs and practices."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"123","title":{"es":"roman statuette of priapus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17496/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":350,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.832Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17496,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":340,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17497/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17497/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17497/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17497/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17497/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17497/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos with graffito in form of a swastika \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 56 mm x 178 mm x 118 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, p.a., munich, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek skyphos with graffitos is a type of drinking cup that offers valuable insights into ancient greek daily life and social practices. the skyphos is a deep, two-handled cup typically used for drinking wine or other beverages. the graffitos\u2014inscriptions or drawings scratched into the surface of the pottery\u2014add a layer of personal and historical significance to these otherwise functional vessels. these inscriptions can range from simple names and dedications to more elaborate drawings and messages, providing a glimpse into the personal interactions and social customs of the period. \n \n the practice of creating graffitos on skyphoi was both an artistic and communicative act. these markings were often made by users or owners of the cups, and they can include anything from playful or humorous messages to serious or ritualistic inscriptions. the content of the graffitos can shed light on the social context in which the skyphos was used. for instance, inscriptions might reveal the names of individuals who used the cup, social interactions, or even local dialects and slang. in some cases, the graffitos might include symbols or drawings that were meaningful to the user or reflective of contemporary cultural themes. \n \n the study of graffitos on skyphoi contributes to our understanding of ancient greek culture in several ways. they provide evidence of how people interacted with their everyday objects and how they imbued these items with personal significance. additionally, these inscriptions offer insights into the literacy and artistic practices of the time, demonstrating that writing and drawing were not confined to monumental or official contexts but were also part of personal and informal communication."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"124","title":{"es":"greek skyphos with graffito in form of a swastika"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17497/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.833Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17497,"dimensions":{"depth":11.8},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17498/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17498/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17498/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17498/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bracelet \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bracelets in glass are intriguing artifacts that reflect the sophistication and diversity of roman jewelry-making practices. unlike gold or silver bracelets, those made from glass were more affordable and accessible, often used by a broader segment of the population. these glass bracelets were crafted using techniques such as glass-blowing and core-forming, which allowed for the creation of intricate designs and vibrant colors. the use of glass in jewelry demonstrates the romans' ability to manipulate materials and their appreciation for both luxury and decorative art. \n \n the design of roman glass bracelets often featured a variety of styles and embellishments. some bracelets were simple and utilitarian, while others were elaborately decorated with patterns, millefiori (a technique where multiple colored glass canes are fused together), or geometric designs. the colors of roman glass bracelets could be quite striking, with shades ranging from deep blues and greens to rich reds and yellows. the glass was sometimes combined with other materials, such as metal or gemstones, to enhance its visual appeal and to create more elaborate and fashionable pieces. \n \n these glass bracelets also provide valuable insights into the social and economic aspects of roman life. they were not only personal adornments but also indicators of status and fashion within roman society. the wide range of glass bracelets, from simple to ornate, suggests that this type of jewelry was versatile and suited various social classes and occasions. the study of these artifacts can reveal patterns of trade and cultural exchange, as the production and distribution of glass jewelry involved complex networks across the roman empire."},"estimateMax":80,"lotNumber":"125","title":{"es":"roman bracelet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17498/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:58.582Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac80","currency":"EUR","id":17498,"dimensions":{"depth":4.5},"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17499/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17499/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17499/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17499/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17499/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, north africa \n \n period: 3rd - 5th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 230 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acqcuired between 1980s - 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman plates found in north africa during the 3rd to 5th centuries ad offer valuable insights into the region's cultural and economic dynamics during this period. north africa, particularly regions such as tunisia, algeria, and libya, was an integral part of the roman empire and experienced significant cultural assimilation and economic integration. roman pottery, including plates, was widely produced and traded throughout the mediterranean, reflecting the exchange of goods and ideas across vast networks of trade routes. \n \n roman plates discovered in north africa often exhibit distinctive characteristics influenced by both roman and indigenous north african traditions. these plates were typically made from clay and featured a variety of shapes, sizes, and decorative styles. some plates were adorned with elaborate vegetal motifs, geometric patterns, or figural scenes inspired by local flora and fauna, while others featured roman-inspired designs such as grapevines, acanthus leaves, or mythological themes. \n \n the presence of roman plates in north africa attests to the region's integration into the broader roman cultural sphere and its participation in the mediterranean economy. these plates were used for various purposes, including dining, ceremonial feasting, and religious offerings, reflecting the diverse social and cultural practices of north african communities under roman rule."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"126","title":{"es":"roman plate"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17499/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.835Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17499,"dimensions":{"depth":23},"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":380,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17500/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17500/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17500/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mortar tripod \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: roman, judaea \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 225 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, collector and galerist, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: israel antiquities authority number: 1982-265, geva h. 2010. stone artifacts, in: h. geva (ed.) jewish quarter excavations in the old city of jerusalem vol. iv. jerusalem, 157-160, pl. 5.1: 5 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman mortar tripod, found in judea during the roman period, is an intriguing artifact that highlights the interaction between roman and local cultures in the region. these tripods were functional items used primarily for grinding grains and spices. typically made from durable materials such as stone or metal, the mortar tripod consisted of a large, bowl-shaped mortar that rested on three legs, often supported by a tripod base. the design of these tools reflects roman practicality and their adaptation to various regional needs, including those in judea, where such implements were integral to daily life and culinary practices. \n \n the use of stone for these mortars is significant due to its durability and effectiveness in grinding. stone mortars were highly valued for their ability to withstand heavy use and for their ability to grind a variety of substances, from grains to herbs. in judea, a region with a rich agricultural base, the presence of these stone mortars indicates the importance of processing grains and spices in the local economy. roman influences on local craftsmanship are evident in the design and construction of these tripods, which often incorporated roman engineering techniques and stylistic elements, blending with traditional local practices. \n \n archaeological finds of roman mortar tripods in judea offer valuable insights into the daily lives of people living in the region during the roman period. they reveal aspects of domestic and economic life, highlighting how roman technology and culture were integrated into local traditions. the presence of these artifacts also underscores the extensive reach of roman influence and the adaptation of roman technologies to local contexts. by studying these mortars, scholars can gain a deeper understanding of the material culture of roman judea and the interactions between roman authorities and local populations."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"127","title":{"es":"roman mortar tripod"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17500/view","directSalePrice":380,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.267Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac600 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17500,"dimensions":{"depth":22.5},"estimateMin":600},{"startPrice":400,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17501/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17501/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17501/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: krater \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 235 mm x 213 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired before 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek kraters are significant ancient ceramic vessels used primarily for mixing wine with water, reflecting important aspects of greek social and religious practices. typically large and robust, kraters feature a broad, open mouth, a deep bowl, and often two or more handles, allowing for the easy mixing and serving of beverages. the krater\u2019s size and shape were designed to accommodate the volume of liquid needed for communal drinking, which was a central activity in greek symposiums, or drinking parties. the design of the krater made it ideal for serving wine, which was diluted with water to achieve the desired taste and strength. \n \n the decoration of greek kraters is particularly noteworthy, showcasing the artistic achievements of ancient greek potters. kraters were often adorned with intricate scenes painted in either the black-figure or red-figure technique. the black-figure technique involved painting figures in a black slip on the natural red clay, while the red-figure technique, which emerged later, allowed for more detailed and dynamic depictions by painting the background black and leaving the figures in red. common motifs included mythological narratives, athletic contests, and scenes of everyday life. these artistic elements not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the krater but also provided valuable insights into greek cultural and religious beliefs. \n \n the use of kraters in greek society went beyond their practical function; they were also significant in ceremonial and ritual contexts. kraters were often employed in religious sacrifices, where wine was poured into the vessel as part of offerings to the gods. their presence in archaeological contexts, such as burial sites and sanctuaries, highlights their role in both public and private rituals."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"128","title":{"es":"greek krater"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17501/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.837Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17501,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17502/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17502/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17502/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17502/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: eagle pendant \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 14 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the aquila, or eagle, is one the most enduring symbols of roman civilization. while different animals and mythological creatures served as meaningful signifiers throughout the republic and imperial eras, the eagle continuously symbolized power and authority. \n \n the eagle was considered majestic and transcendent, to the point that live birds were often caged on emperors\u2019 funeral pyres. once they broke free and flew skyward, the romans considered it a manifestation of the deceased emperor\u2019s transition to godhood."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"129","title":{"es":"roman eagle pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17502/view","tags":["esjewelry_necklacespendants","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.839Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17502,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17503/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17503/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17503/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17503/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17503/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17503/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: earrings (pair) \n \n material: gold \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm diameter, 0,8 gr \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex palestine private collection, z., formed in the 1950's passed down to his children \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman earrings, particularly those crafted from gold, offer a fascinating glimpse into the artistry and luxury of ancient roman jewelry. gold was highly prized in roman society for its beauty and rarity, and it was often reserved for the adornment of elite individuals and members of the aristocracy. roman earrings were worn by both men and women and served as symbols of status, wealth, and fashion. \n \n gold roman earrings displayed a wide variety of designs, reflecting the diverse tastes and preferences of ancient roman wearers. some earrings featured intricate filigree work, where thin gold wires were twisted and soldered together to create delicate patterns and motifs. others were adorned with precious gemstones such as pearls, emeralds, sapphires, and garnets, adding color and sparkle to the earrings. additionally, roman earrings often showcased symbolic motifs such as animals, plants, deities, and mythological figures, imbuing them with deeper meaning and significance. \n \n beyond their aesthetic appeal, roman gold earrings also served practical and cultural functions. they were worn as everyday jewelry, as well as on special occasions such as weddings, festivals, and religious ceremonies. earrings were often given as gifts to mark important milestones or to express affection and gratitude. additionally, earrings could be worn as amulets or talismans believed to offer protection or bring good fortune to the wearer."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"130","title":{"es":"roman earrings (pair)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17503/view","tags":["esjewelry_earrings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.840Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17503,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17504/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17504/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17504/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17504/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 36 mm x 135 mm \n \n condition: good condition. \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection, acquired since at least 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek skyphos was a type of ancient greek drinking vessel characterized by its deep, bowl-shaped body and two horizontal handles. skyphoi (the plural form of skyphos) were typically made from ceramic materials such as clay and were widely used in greek society for drinking wine, water, or other beverages during social gatherings, symposia (drinking parties), and religious ceremonies. the word \"skyphos\" itself translates to \"cup\" or \"bowl\" in greek. \n \n skyphoi came in various sizes and styles, with some examples featuring simple, utilitarian designs while others were elaborately decorated with intricate motifs, scenes from mythology, or figural compositions. the shape of the skyphos, with its deep bowl and wide mouth, allowed for easy drinking and sharing of beverages among guests at symposia, where the vessel played a central role in the convivial atmosphere and rituals of communal drinking. \n \n the use of skyphoi in ancient greek society was not limited to symposia and social gatherings but also extended to religious and funerary contexts. skyphoi were often used as vessels for libations and offerings to the gods in religious ceremonies and rituals, symbolizing the sharing of food and drink with the divine. additionally, skyphoi were sometimes included as grave goods in burials, reflecting their importance as everyday objects associated with hospitality, conviviality, and the rituals of life and death in ancient greece."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"131","title":{"es":"greek skyphos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17504/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:58.585Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17504,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17505/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17505/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17505/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17505/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17505/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with kheper-beetle, men-sign, corrupted reading for \u201cmen-kheper\u201d = men-kheper-re? (prenomen of thutmosis iii) \n \n material: glazed steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: new kingdom, 1550 - 1070 b.c \n \n dimensions: 13 mm x 9 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations. \n \n thutmose iii, was the sixth pharaoh of the eighteenth dynasty of ancient egypt and ruled from around 1479 bce to 1425 bce. he is considered one of the most successful military leaders in egyptian history, known for his numerous military campaigns and expansion of the egyptian empire. thutmose iii initially shared the throne with his stepmother, queen hatshepsut, but assumed full control after her death. during the co-regency, hatshepsut took on the role of pharaoh while thutmose iii received a military education that would later contribute to his success on the battlefield. \n \n thutmose iii's military campaigns were primarily focused on expanding egypt's territorial reach and securing its borders. his most famous military victory occurred at the battle of megiddo in 1457 bce, where he decisively defeated a coalition of canaanite and syrian rulers. this victory solidified egyptian dominance in the region and allowed thutmose iii to establish a series of strategic alliances and vassal states. his military achievements earned him the title of the \"napoleon of egypt\" due to his tactical brilliance and the sheer scale of his conquests. \n \n beyond his military prowess, thutmose iii was also an adept administrator and diplomat. he undertook extensive building projects, including temples and monuments, contributing to the cultural and architectural legacy of ancient egypt. thutmose iii's reign is often considered a period of prosperity and stability for egypt, marking a high point in its imperial power and influence in the ancient world."},"estimateMax":340,"lotNumber":"132","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with kheper-beetle, men-sign, corrupted reading for \u201cmen-kheper\u201d = men-kheper-re? (prenomen of thutmosis iii)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17505/view","tags":["esinternational_african","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:52.626Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac340","currency":"EUR","id":17505,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17506/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17506/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17506/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: iron age, neo-assyrian \n \n period: 9th - 7th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 64 mm x 154 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, one hole, see pictures \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, london, acquired in 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n neo-assyrian bronze vessels, which were produced between the 9th and 7th centuries bce, are important artifacts from the neo-assyrian empire, a dominant power in mesopotamia. these vessels, often made from bronze or copper alloys, were used for a variety of purposes, including ceremonial, domestic, and religious activities. they came in different shapes and sizes, such as bowls, cups, jugs, and basins, reflecting the assyrians' advanced metalworking skills and artistic sensibilities. the vessels were sometimes inlaid with silver, gold, or precious stones, showcasing the wealth and craftsmanship of the neo-assyrian elite. \n \n the designs of neo-assyrian bronze vessels often depicted intricate motifs and patterns, many of which were influenced by the empire\u2019s encounters with other cultures. typical designs included geometric patterns, animal figures like lions or bulls, and mythological themes such as winged deities or hybrid creatures. these motifs reflected the assyrians' beliefs, power, and worldview. the decoration often had symbolic meaning, associated with protection, fertility, and divinity, indicating that these vessels had both functional and spiritual significance. \n \n many of these bronze vessels have been uncovered through archaeological excavations at royal palaces, temples, and burial sites, highlighting their role in elite assyrian society. they served as prestige items, signifying status and authority, especially during lavish banquets and religious ceremonies."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"133","title":{"es":"iron age, neo-assyrian bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17506/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:52.630Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17506,"dimensions":{"depth":15.4},"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17507/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17507/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17507/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17507/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17507/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: wine pitcher \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1550 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 125 mm x 110 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n bronze age pottery in the holy land, spanning the third to the early second millennium bce, reveals a rich and diverse ceramic tradition that reflects the cultural and technological developments of the time. one notable period within the bronze age is the early bronze age (circa 3300\u20132000 bce), during which the holy land witnessed the rise of urban centers and complex societies. pottery from this era is characterized by wheel-made vessels adorned with intricate designs and distinctive shapes. \n \n in the subsequent middle bronze age (circa 2000\u20131550 bce), the holy land continued to witness advancements in pottery production. this period saw the emergence of a variety of vessel forms, including cooking pots, storage jars, and ritual vessels. red-slipped pottery, where the surface is coated with a fine red slip, became prevalent during this time, and intricate painted decorations, often depicting geometric patterns or stylized animals, adorned the vessels. \n \n the late bronze age (circa 1550\u20131200 bce) marked another significant phase in the holy land's ceramic history. with the rise of powerful city-states and international trade networks, pottery styles became influenced by neighboring cultures. mycenaean and minoan influences are evident in some pottery, showcasing the interconnectedness of the region during this period. the late bronze age also witnessed the production of elaborate and finely crafted pottery, including chalices and libation vessels, often associated with religious and ceremonial practices. overall, bronze age pottery in the holy land provides valuable insights into the social, economic, and religious aspects of ancient communities, offering a tangible link to the past."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"134","title":{"es":"bronze age wine pitcher"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17507/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:58.587Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17507,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":110,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17508/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17508/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17508/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17508/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: protome terminal in shape of a panther \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 33 mm x 24 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n terminals served various purposes in roman society, ranging from decorative elements to functional markers of boundaries or architectural features. depicting a panther in bronze would have required considerable skill and attention to detail, showcasing the mastery of roman metalworkers. \n \n the choice of a panther as the subject of such a terminal holds symbolic significance. in roman mythology and culture, the panther was often associated with strength, agility, and ferocity. by incorporating this imagery into a bronze terminal, the artist would have imbued it with these qualities, perhaps intending to evoke a sense of power or protection. additionally, the panther's association with dionysus or bacchus, as mentioned earlier, could add layers of meaning, linking the terminal to concepts of revelry, ecstasy, or the untamed aspects of nature."},"estimateMax":320,"lotNumber":"135","title":{"es":"roman protome terminal in shape of a panther"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17508/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":110,"soldPrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:52.632Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac320","currency":"EUR","id":17508,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17509/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17509/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17509/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17509/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pilgrim flask (ampulla) of saint menas and greek inscription \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 7th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 100 mm x 65 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1960 - 1980 \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 17.194.2291 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the saint menas pilgrim flasks, originating from the byzantine period (roughly 5th to 7th centuries ce), are iconic clay vessels used by christian pilgrims who visited the shrine of saint menas in egypt. saint menas was a revered christian martyr, and his shrine, located in abu mena near alexandria, was a major pilgrimage site during the byzantine era. pilgrims would purchase these flasks at the shrine to carry home holy water or oil, believed to have healing and protective properties. these flasks served not only as religious souvenirs but also as physical reminders of the spiritual journey. \n \n typically made of terracotta, the saint menas pilgrim flasks are small, flat, and round with a pair of handles on either side of the body for easy portability. the flasks were often stamped with images of saint menas, who is usually depicted standing with outstretched arms, flanked by two camels. this imagery refers to the legend of his death and burial, in which camels miraculously carried his body to its final resting place. the flask's design was both symbolic and functional, encapsulating the holiness of the relics pilgrims brought back. \n \n these flasks provide valuable insights into the religious practices and devotional culture of byzantine christianity. they reflect the importance of pilgrimage in the lives of early christians and illustrate the role of material objects in fostering a connection between the faithful and the divine. the widespread distribution of these flasks, discovered across the mediterranean, indicates the far-reaching influence of saint menas' cult and the vibrant exchange of religious practices within the byzantine world."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"136","title":{"es":"byzantine pilgrim flask (ampulla) of saint menas and greek inscription"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17509/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:58.588Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17509,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17510/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17510/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17510/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17510/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17510/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired on the german art market before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings held diverse meanings and served various functions in ancient roman society. they were not only ornamental but also carried social, religious, and legal significance. roman rings encompassed a wide range of styles, materials, and purposes, reflecting the diversity and complexity of roman culture. \n \n one significant type of roman ring was the \"betrothal ring, \" symbolizing a commitment to marriage. these rings often featured intricate designs, including clasped hands, hearts, or entwined snakes, representing fidelity and eternal love. betrothal rings were exchanged as part of the engagement process and held deep sentimental value for the couples involved. \n \n another important category of roman rings was the \"seal ring\" or \"signet ring.\" these rings were engraved with a distinctive design, such as a family crest, initials, or mythological symbols. signet rings were used to authenticate documents, mark correspondence, or seal containers. the impression made by the signet ring in wax or clay served as a unique identifier, providing a form of official certification and ensuring the integrity of transactions in business, politics, and law. \n \n additionally, roman rings often served as status symbols, reflecting the wearer's wealth, social standing, and occupation. rings made of precious metals like gold or silver adorned with gemstones were reserved for the elite and signified affluence and power. conversely, simpler rings made of bronze or iron were more common among the lower classes"},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"137","title":{"es":"roman ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17510/view","directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.276Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17510,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17511/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17511/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17511/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17511/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a seated woman \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 135 mm x 35 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, sussex, mid-20th century private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during the greek hellenistic period, which spanned from the death of alexander the great in 323 b.c. to the establishment of the roman empire in 31 b.c., the art of sculpture underwent significant developments, marked by a departure from the idealized forms of the classical era towards greater naturalism and emotional expression. among the notable sculptures from this period is the statue of a seated woman, also known as the \"pergamon woman, \" dated to the 3rd century b.c. this sculpture exemplifies the hellenistic style's emphasis on capturing realism and individuality, as well as the portrayal of complex emotions. \n \n the statue of a seated woman is a marble sculpture depicting a woman seated in a relaxed posture, her body gently leaning to one side with her legs crossed elegantly. her facial features are rendered with remarkable detail, conveying a sense of introspection and emotion. the woman's hairstyle, drapery, and jewelry are intricately carved, adding to the lifelike quality of the sculpture. the absence of idealized proportions and the focus on naturalistic details distinguish this work as characteristic of the hellenistic period. \n \n this statue is believed to represent a goddess, nymph, or possibly a mortal woman depicted in a divine or heroic context. the sculpture's serene expression and contemplative pose suggest a moment of quiet introspection or divine communion."},"estimateMax":320,"lotNumber":"138","title":{"es":"greek statuette of a seated woman"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17511/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:43.984Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac320","currency":"EUR","id":17511,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17512/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17512/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17512/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: luristan \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 112 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the luristan culture, primarily associated with the region of modern-day western iran, flourished between the late second millennium bce and the early first millennium bce. this culture is particularly known for its impressive bronze artifacts, including weapons, horse gear, and ceremonial objects. the luristan region, located in the zagros mountains, was a crossroads of cultural interaction between mesopotamia, iran, and the highland tribes. as a result, the artistic style of the luristan bronzes reflects a fusion of local traditions with influences from neighboring regions. these bronzes, often elaborately decorated with intricate designs, offer valuable insight into the region\u2019s craftsmanship, warfare, and spiritual practices. \n \n one of the most significant aspects of the luristan culture is its production of distinctive bronze objects, often found in grave sites and believed to be associated with rituals or burial ceremonies. the bronzes typically feature animal motifs, particularly those of horses, rams, and mythological creatures, which may have held symbolic or protective meanings. some of the most iconic items from luristan include horse bits, finials, and ceremonial axes. these objects suggest a society that placed great importance on horses and their role in warfare and prestige, as well as on complex spiritual beliefs. \n \n despite the richness of its material culture, much about the luristan civilization remains shrouded in mystery, largely because written records from the culture itself have not been found. most of what is known comes from archaeological discoveries, especially burial sites. these artifacts, scattered across museums worldwide, have provided clues to the region's social hierarchy, economy, and cultural interactions."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"139","title":{"es":"luristan arrowhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17512/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:52.633Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17512,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":130,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17513/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17513/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17513/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17513/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an eagle \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 37 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman eagle statuettes were highly symbolic and held great significance in both religious and military contexts of ancient rome. the eagle (aquila in latin) was closely associated with the roman god jupiter, the chief deity in the roman pantheon, who was often depicted with an eagle by his side. as such, eagle statuettes were used in temples and religious settings as representations of divine power and the might of jupiter, symbolizing strength, authority, and the sky. the connection with jupiter made the eagle a symbol of rome's dominance and protection, embodying both religious reverence and imperial might. \n \n in military contexts, the eagle held even greater significance. the roman army adopted the eagle as its standard, known as the aquila, for roman legions. each legion carried a large eagle standard into battle, and losing it to the enemy was considered a grave dishonor. the eagle embodied the spirit of the legion and symbolized the unity, strength, and loyalty of the roman soldiers. smaller eagle statuettes, made from bronze or other metals, were often produced to celebrate victories, honor military achievements, or serve as tokens of protection for soldiers. these statues were not only decorative but also functioned as potent symbols of roman martial identity. \n \n eagle statuettes were also used in funerary and memorial contexts, particularly for the deified emperors. upon the death of an emperor, the belief was that his soul would ascend to the heavens, and the eagle, as a messenger of jupiter, would carry him into the realm of the gods."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"140","title":{"es":"roman statuette of an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17513/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":130,"soldPrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:43.986Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac170 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17513,"estimateMin":170},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17514/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17514/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17514/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17514/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a bull \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 35 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman statuettes of bulls were significant artifacts that held diverse meanings in ancient roman culture. bulls were revered animals in roman mythology and religion, often associated with deities such as jupiter, the supreme god, and mithras, the god of the sun and contracts. as symbols of strength, fertility, and power, bull statuettes were commonly used in religious rituals, sacrifices, and cult practices. \n \n one prominent example of the bull's significance in roman religion is its association with the cult of mithras, a popular mystery religion in the roman empire. in mithraism, the bull played a central role in the mythology of the god mithras, who was often depicted slaying a bull in a cosmic sacrifice. statuettes of bulls were used in mithraic temples as representations of this pivotal event, symbolizing the triumph of light over darkness and the renewal of life. \n \n moreover, bull statuettes were also employed in domestic settings as decorative objects or symbols of prosperity. in roman households, bull figurines might have been displayed in gardens, courtyards, or atriums, serving as talismans for abundance and good fortune. the craftsmanship of these statuettes varied widely, from simple terracotta models to elaborate bronze sculptures adorned with intricate details."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"141","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a bull"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17514/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:40.886Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17514,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17515/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17515/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17515/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17515/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 16 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were popular adornments worn by both men and women in ancient rome, serving as symbols of status, identity, and personal style. these rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and gemstones, and featured a wide range of designs, motifs, and inscriptions. roman rings were not only decorative but also carried symbolic and practical significance, often serving as seals, amulets, or markers of social status and affiliation. \n \n the design of roman rings varied depending on factors such as the wearer's gender, social status, and personal preferences. wealthy individuals often wore rings made from precious metals such as gold or silver, adorned with intricate designs, gemstones, or engraved inscriptions. common motifs found on roman rings included mythological figures, animals, floral patterns, and religious symbols, reflecting the diverse cultural influences and artistic traditions of the roman empire. \n \n roman rings were worn for a variety of purposes, including as decorative accessories, status symbols, and talismans for protection or luck. rings were often exchanged as gifts or tokens of affection, used to commemorate important life events such as marriages, births, or victories in battle. additionally, rings were sometimes used as seals for official documents or correspondence, with the wearer's engraved signet serving as a personal signature and mark of authenticity."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"142","title":{"es":"roman ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17515/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:26:48.298Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17515,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17516/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17516/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17516/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17516/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17516/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17516/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 123 mm x 77 mm \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek skyphos is a type of deep, two-handled drinking cup that was commonly used in ancient greece, particularly during the archaic and classical periods (around the 6th to 4th centuries bce). skyphoi (the plural of skyphos) typically feature a wide, deep bowl and two small horizontal handles placed near the rim, allowing the drinker to hold the vessel easily. they were used primarily for drinking wine, often at symposia\u2014social gatherings where men would drink, converse, and enjoy music or poetry. the shape of the skyphos made it a practical and popular vessel in everyday life as well as in more formal settings. \n \n skyphoi were often made of clay and decorated in either black-figure or red-figure painting styles, both of which were prominent in greek pottery. the black-figure technique, where figures appear in black against a red clay background, was prevalent earlier, while the red-figure technique, where figures are left in red against a black background, became dominant later. the scenes depicted on skyphoi typically included mythological narratives, everyday life, and athletic or banquet scenes, reflecting the values and culture of the time. these decorated vessels not only served functional purposes but also conveyed artistic and cultural symbolism. \n \n archaeological finds of skyphoi in various regions, including greece, italy, and the wider mediterranean, indicate their widespread use and trade. some skyphoi were made of metal, particularly bronze, for wealthier patrons, and their presence in burial sites suggests they were also valued as grave goods."},"estimateMax":290,"lotNumber":"143","title":{"es":"greek skyphos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17516/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:55.502Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac290","currency":"EUR","id":17516,"dimensions":{"depth":7.7},"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17517/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17517/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17517/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17517/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17517/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: hydria \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 143 mm x 88 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired and one handle missing \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, j.h.e. demangeon, 1904 - 1992, acquired in 1989 from m. demangeon \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek hydria is a type of large water-carrying vessel that was commonly used in ancient greece from the archaic to the hellenistic periods (roughly the 6th to 2nd centuries bce). the hydria is distinguished by its three handles: two small horizontal handles on either side of the body, used for lifting and carrying, and one larger vertical handle at the back, which was used for pouring. the vessel's shape, with a wide, rounded body and a narrow neck, made it ideal for both drawing water from a well and storing it at home. hydriai (the plural of hydria) were often used in domestic contexts but also held ceremonial importance, especially in rituals involving water. \n \n hydriai were frequently decorated using the black-figure and red-figure techniques, common to greek pottery. in the black-figure style, figures were painted in black slip against the natural red color of the clay, while in the red-figure technique, the figures were left the color of the clay, with the background painted black. the decorative themes often included mythological scenes, depictions of daily life, and scenes of women fetching water\u2014an important domestic task associated with the hydria. some hydriai, especially those used in funerary or ceremonial contexts, were highly ornate and could feature intricate designs, showing the artistic sophistication of ancient greek pottery. \n \n beyond its practical use, the hydria also played a role in religious and funerary rituals. in particular, the hydria was associated with the greek festival of the panathenaia, where it was used in ceremonial water-carrying competitions for women. in funerary practices, hydriai were sometimes used as grave markers or containers for the ashes of the deceased. they have been discovered in tombs and sanctuaries, showing their significance beyond everyday utility."},"estimateMax":380,"lotNumber":"144","title":{"es":"greek hydria"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17517/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:55.504Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac380","currency":"EUR","id":17517,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17518/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17518/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17518/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17518/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: medical instrument, spatula probe \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 155 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex polish private collection, e., ex germany private collection acquired before 2003 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bronze medical instruments, meticulously fashioned with skill and care, epitomize the sophistication of ancient healthcare. these robust implements, encompassing scalpels, forceps, and probes, manifest the romans\u2019 dedication to surgical precision and patient well-being. these tools played pivotal roles in an array of medical procedures, from intricate surgeries to wound management, underscoring the romans\u2019 unwavering commitment to the practice and science of healing. in contemporary times, these relics remain enduring symbols of the enduring influence of roman medicine and surgical prowess. \n \n the spatula probe consists of a long thin handle and tends to range in size from roughly 6 to 15 centimetres with a spatula on one end of its handle and an olivary probe on its other end, indicating its multifunctionality. the spatula is usually leaf-shaped and tends to be flat on one side and slightly rounded on the other. some spatula ends are quite thin, perhaps five or six millimetres in width, whilst others are short and blunt. some have more of a rectangular shape to them and others have a spatulat blade on both ends. it could be used for spreading medicaments on infected areas of the body as well as mixing medicines on an ointment pallet. sometimes the spatula could be used as a cautery, as soranus mentions using it on the umbilical cord (gyn 3. 27, milne 1907: 60). it could also be used as a tongue depressor and as a blunt dissector (milne 1907: 59-60). the olivary end could be used in the same way as many already suggested for the double-ended olivary probe."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"145","title":{"es":"roman medical instrument, spatula probe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17518/view","tags":["escollectibles_scientificinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:52.634Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17518,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":220,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17519/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17519/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17519/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17519/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with roman emperor \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 20 mm, 18 mm diameter (inside). 15 eu, 7 usa. \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade silver ring. \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in austrian auction house (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"146","title":{"es":"ring with roman emperor"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17519/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":220,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:40.889Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17519,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17520/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17520/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17520/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17520/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17520/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: spearhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age, luristan \n \n period: 2nd - 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 165 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, london, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the luristan period, named after the region in western iran where many artifacts were discovered, encompasses a span from the late second millennium bce to the early first millennium bce. one distinctive type of artifact from this period is the luristan bronze dagger blade. these dagger blades are renowned for their exquisite craftsmanship and artistic detailing, reflecting the advanced metallurgical skills of the ancient luristan people. \n \n typically made from bronze, the dagger blades from luristan exhibit a high level of skill in metal casting and carving. they often feature intricate geometric patterns, stylized animals, and mythological motifs that are meticulously incised or embossed onto the surface. the blades are characterized by their leaf-shaped or lozenge-shaped designs, with a prominent midrib and a tapering point, showcasing both functional and aesthetic considerations. \n \n these dagger blades were likely used as weapons, but their elaborate ornamentation suggests that they also held symbolic and ritualistic significance. the motifs depicted on the blades often include scenes of hunting, battles, and mythical creatures, indicating a connection to the beliefs and stories of the luristan people."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"147","title":{"es":"bronze age, luristan spearhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17520/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:52.636Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17520,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17521/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17521/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17521/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17521/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17521/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: brick with buddha \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, northern wei \n \n period: 386 - 534 a.d \n \n dimensions: 310 mm x 140 mm x 60 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the northern wei dynasty (386\u2013534 ce) was a significant ruling dynasty in northern china during the period of the sixteen kingdoms and early northern and southern dynasties. founded by the tuoba clan, a nomadic people of xianbei origin, the northern wei initially controlled vast parts of northern china and played a crucial role in unifying the region after centuries of fragmentation. one of the dynasty's major achievements was the promotion of cultural and administrative reforms that blended their nomadic traditions with chinese practices. under the reign of emperor xiaowen (471\u2013499 ce), the dynasty actively promoted sinicization policies, adopting chinese language, dress, and confucianism, which helped integrate the xianbei rulers into chinese society. \n \n the northern wei is especially renowned for its patronage of buddhism, which became the dominant religion during this time. the dynasty's rulers were fervent supporters of buddhist art and architecture, commissioning the creation of numerous temples, statues, and cave complexes. some of the most famous artistic achievements from the northern wei period are the yungang and longmen grottoes, which feature intricate carvings of buddha figures, bodhisattvas, and other religious motifs. these rock-cut cave temples reflect the fusion of xianbei artistic traditions with chinese and indian influences, showcasing the cosmopolitan nature of the northern wei court and the spread of buddhist culture across east asia. \n \n the northern wei dynasty also implemented significant land and administrative reforms, such as the \"equal-field system\" (均田制, jūntián zhì), which aimed to distribute land more equally among farmers, improving agricultural productivity and strengthening state control over the land and its resources. this system allowed the government to maintain a stable tax base and reduce the influence of powerful landowning elites. however, the growing tensions between the sinicized aristocracy and the more conservative, traditionalist xianbei nobility eventually led to internal strife. the northern wei split into the eastern and western wei dynasties in 534 ce, marking the end of a unified northern wei but leaving a lasting legacy on chinese governance, culture, and religion."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"148","title":{"es":"chinese brick with buddha"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17521/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:40.890Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17521,"dimensions":{"depth":6},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17522/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17522/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17522/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17522/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age, canaan \n \n period: 1900 - 1400 b.c \n \n dimensions: 137 mm x 77 mm \n \n condition: good condition. \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n canaan was the name of a large and prosperous ancient country (at times independent, at others a tributary to egypt) located in the levant region of present-day lebanon, syria, jordan, and israel. it was also known as phoenicia. the origin of the name \u2018canaan\u2019 comes from various ancient texts and there is no scholarly consensus on precisely where the name originated nor what it meant. \n \n according to the bible, the land was named after a man called canaan, the grandson of noah (genesis 10). other theories cite \u2018canaan\u2019 as derived from the hurrian language for \u2018purple\u2019 and, as the greeks knew the canaanites as \u2018phoenicians\u2019 (greek for `purple\u2019) and as the phoenicians worked in purple dye and so were called by the greeks \u2018purple people\u2019, this explanation is the most probable. the theory has also been advanced that the name comes from the hebrew root-verb kana which denotes order from chaos, a blending, or synchronous existence. \n \n the earliest habitation in the region was around the city of jericho in the paleolithic age and this early rural community would then develop into the city which is the oldest urban center in the region (and, arguably, the world). other cities developed during the early bronze age but were abandoned, probably because of overpopulation, and the people returned to an agrarian lifestyle for a number of years. cities again grew up during the middle bronze age which saw the development of trade with other civilizations and, most notably, egypt. canaan (also referred to as phoenicia at this time) continued to prosper until c. 1250 \u2013 c. 1150 bce during the so-called bronze age collapse. \n \n following the upheaval of c. 1250 \u2013 c. 1150 bce, however, the hebrews (israelites), to whom joshua is said to have given the land, populated the region and established the kingdoms of israel and judah. these kingdoms lasted until the region was conquered in succession by the assyrians, babylonians, persians, alexander the great, the seleucids, and the roman empire."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"149","title":{"es":"bronze age, canaan jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17522/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:40.893Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17522,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":500,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17523/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17523/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17523/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17523/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17523/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of victory with wreath on globe \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 91 mm x 50 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, london, acquired before 1990s. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient rome, victory (victoria) held immense significance, both as a military achievement and as a concept embedded in roman culture, religion, and politics. roman victories were often celebrated with great fanfare, reflecting the martial values that underpinned roman society. a roman general, upon achieving a major victory in battle, could be awarded a triumph, a lavish ceremonial procession through the streets of rome. during this grand event, the victorious general would parade with his army, captives, and the spoils of war, followed by sacrifices to the gods. the triumph symbolized not just personal honor but also rome's military superiority and divine favor. \n \n the romans attributed many of their victories to the favor of the gods, particularly to the goddess victoria, who personified victory. temples dedicated to victoria, like the temple of victoria on the palatine hill, played a central role in religious and state-sponsored celebrations of military success. offerings and dedications to the gods were common after victories, with victorious generals often commissioning altars, statues, or temples as acts of thanksgiving. this religious aspect of victory was intertwined with the belief that rome's military success reflected its piety and adherence to divine will, fostering the idea of imperium\u2014the roman right to rule and conquer other nations. \n \n on a political level, victory was crucial for the careers of roman politicians and generals. success on the battlefield was often a pathway to higher office in the roman republic and later the roman empire. military victories boosted the reputations of figures like julius caesar, who used his successes in gaul and other regions to build political power. victory also served as propaganda, reinforcing the image of rome as an invincible force destined to rule the world. roman monuments, such as victory arches (like the arch of titus) and columns (such as trajan's column), celebrated military conquests and immortalized the achievements of roman emperors and generals, ensuring that their victories were remembered for generations."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"150","title":{"es":"roman statuette of victory with wreath on globe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17523/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":500,"soldPrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:40.895Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac700 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17523,"estimateMin":700},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17524/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17524/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17524/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm x 15 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, oxfordshire, acquired from alan cherry of bournemouth between 2003 - 2005 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets, known as fascina (plural of fascinum), were widespread symbols of protection, particularly against the evil eye, in roman culture. these small, often intricately carved amulets typically depicted the male genitalia and were considered potent talismans for warding off negative influences and harmful magic. the romans believed that the image of the phallus had the power to avert misfortune and bring good luck, due to its association with fertility, strength, and vitality. phallic amulets could be made from materials such as bronze, bone, or terracotta, and were worn as jewelry or placed in homes, businesses, and even public spaces like crossroads and gates to ensure protective benefits. \n \n these amulets were not limited to personal adornment but were also incorporated into broader social and religious contexts. in roman households, phallic symbols could be found on doorways or incorporated into the decor to protect the home from malevolent spirits. additionally, children, who were considered particularly vulnerable to harm, were often given phallic amulets to wear around their necks or as part of their clothing to shield them from danger. the presence of these symbols in everyday life reflects the deeply ingrained superstitious beliefs in ancient roman society, where the need for protection was a constant concern. \n \n beyond their apotropaic (warding-off) function, phallic amulets also reflected roman attitudes toward sexuality and masculinity. the open display of the phallus was not considered vulgar but rather a symbol of life, virility, and generative power. this frankness about sexual symbols stood in contrast to later cultural norms and reveals the roman perspective on sexuality as a natural and essential force."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"151","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17524/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:32:22.970Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17524,"dimensions":{"depth":2.3},"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":220,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17525/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17525/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17525/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17525/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring fragment, pharaoh ay \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: amarna period, 1325 b.c \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 11 mm \n \n condition: good condition, fragmentary and repaired \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n pharaoh ay was a prominent figure during the late amarna period of ancient egypt, ruling as the penultimate pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (circa 1323\u20131319 bce). his rise to the throne came after the death of the famous boy-king tutankhamun, under whom ay had served as a high-ranking official and advisor. ay\u2019s background is somewhat enigmatic, but he is believed to have held influential titles such as \"god's father, \" possibly due to a familial connection with the royal family, and was closely associated with the amarna court of akhenaten, tutankhamun\u2019s predecessor. though he was not of royal blood, his powerful position allowed him to assume the throne in his later years. \n \n ay\u2019s reign is closely connected to the religious and political turmoil of the amarna period, which was marked by akhenaten's radical religious reforms that promoted the worship of the sun god aten at the expense of the traditional egyptian gods. after akhenaten\u2019s death, tutankhamun and his court, including ay, worked to restore the old religious order and reestablish the worship of amun and other traditional deities. as pharaoh, ay continued this restoration, further distancing egypt from the amarna heresy. his reign was relatively short\u2014lasting around four years\u2014but it represented a transitional period in which the old religious and political structures were being reestablished after the disruptions of akhenaten\u2019s rule. \n \n ay's tomb, located in the valley of the kings (kv23), is another reflection of his power, though it is simpler compared to the tombs of more prominent pharaohs. he was originally buried in the tomb prepared for tutankhamun but later relocated. interestingly, ay\u2019s successor, horemheb, attempted to erase ay\u2019s legacy, perhaps due to his controversial rise to power or his association with the amarna regime. despite these efforts to diminish his historical significance, ay\u2019s role during the tumultuous end of the 18th dynasty remains an important chapter in the complex history of the amarna period and the restoration of traditional egyptian beliefs."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"152","title":{"es":"egyptian ring fragment, pharaoh ay, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17525/view","directSalePrice":220,"soldPrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:33:18.535Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17525,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17526/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17526/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17526/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17526/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17526/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: stamp seal depicting two animals \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 4th - 7th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm x 14 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n byzantine stamps in bronze depicting a dove are intriguing artifacts that shed light on the administrative, religious, and artistic practices of the byzantine empire. these stamps, also known as seals or bullae, were used to authenticate documents, letters, or containers by impressing a design onto wax or clay. the image of the dove, a symbol of peace, purity, and the holy spirit in christian iconography, held particular significance in byzantine culture, reflecting the empire's deep-rooted christian identity. \n \n the depiction of a dove on byzantine stamps often featured the bird with outstretched wings, holding an olive branch in its beak. this imagery evoked biblical associations with the story of noah's ark, where a dove carrying an olive branch symbolized the end of the flood and god's covenant with humanity. in the byzantine context, the dove motif likely served not only as a symbol of peace and divine protection but also as a visual representation of the christian faith and the empire's spiritual authority. \n \n byzantine stamps featuring a dove design were used by various officials, ecclesiastics, and individuals across the empire to validate documents and correspondence. the use of such stamps helped ensure the authenticity and authority of official communications, legal decrees, and religious correspondence within the byzantine administrative and ecclesiastical systems."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"153","title":{"es":"byzantine stamp seal depicting two animals"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17526/view","directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.286Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17526,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17527/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17527/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with fulmen (thunderbolt) \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm x 32 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets (glandes) with the depiction of a fulmen (thunderbolt) are fascinating artifacts from ancient greece, particularly associated with warfare in the classical and hellenistic periods. these small, lead projectiles were used in slings by light infantry, known as slingers (sphendonētai), and were designed to be highly aerodynamic for long-range combat. sling bullets often bore inscriptions or symbols, and the thunderbolt motif was one of the most common symbols. the fulmen was the weapon of zeus, the king of the gods, and its depiction on sling bullets was meant to invoke divine power and terrorize enemies. by marking these weapons with the image of zeus' thunderbolt, greek soldiers sought to symbolically unleash the wrath of the gods upon their foes. \n \n the use of such symbols on sling bullets wasn\u2019t just ornamental but had psychological and religious significance. in ancient greek culture, warfare was often closely tied to divine favor, and soldiers believed that success in battle was influenced by the gods. by using a sling bullet marked with a thunderbolt, the slinger could feel as though they were channeling the might of zeus, the supreme deity who governed the sky and weather, known for hurling thunderbolts to punish or assert his dominance. this belief could also instill fear in the enemy, as the image of the thunderbolt was associated with swift and destructive force. inscribed sling bullets sometimes even carried taunting messages like \"take that!\" or \"catch me!\", which, combined with the thunderbolt imagery, added a layer of psychological warfare. \n \n sling bullets with the fulmen symbol have been found in various archaeological sites, including battlefields and fortresses, highlighting their widespread use in greek warfare. their compact size, ease of production, and deadly impact made them essential for skirmishers. unlike arrows, which were more easily seen and dodged, sling bullets were smaller, faster, and harder to track, making them particularly dangerous. the addition of the thunderbolt symbol on these lethal projectiles not only emphasized their destructive potential but also reflected the deeply religious and symbolic nature of warfare in ancient greece, where gods and mortals were believed to be intertwined in the fate of battle."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"154","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with fulmen (thunderbolt)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17527/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:49.408Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17527,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17528/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17528/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cooking pot, type 'kedera' \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 155 mm x 165 mm \n \n condition: good condition, has a crack but is stable \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n parallel: w. crook, w., roman ceramics in first century a.d. palestine, p. 124. fig. 4 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the kedera type cooking pot was a common form of ceramic cookware during the roman period, particularly from the 1st century bce to the 3rd century ce. it was a wide-mouthed pot with a rounded body and short neck, typically made of coarse, utilitarian clay. these vessels were primarily used for boiling and stewing food, a staple method of cooking in roman households. the kedera pots often had two small, looped handles for easy lifting and were designed for placement over an open fire or a hearth, making them ideal for preparing soups, porridges, and stews, which were common in roman cuisine. \n \n the design of the kedera pot was highly functional, with its rounded base allowing for even heat distribution, which was essential for slow cooking methods. the form and construction of these pots suggest they were durable, built to withstand the rigors of daily use in roman kitchens. they could be found in both urban and rural settings, indicating their widespread use across different social classes. wealthier households might have had more elaborate cookware, but the kedera was a basic necessity in most roman homes. in addition to its practical function, its simple design allowed for mass production, which made it affordable and accessible to the broader population. \n \n archaeological excavations have uncovered kedera pots in various roman settlements, particularly in domestic contexts such as kitchens, as well as in military camps and rural farmsteads. the presence of these cooking pots provides insight into the daily lives of romans and their culinary practices. the humble kedera reflects the importance of communal meals, where large quantities of food were often prepared for families, workers, or soldiers."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"155","title":{"es":"roman cooking pot, type 'kedera'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17528/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.780Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17528,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17529/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17529/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17529/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with inscription 'na / mer' \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 14 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex englis private collection, acquired before 1980s \n \n parallel: draskowski, n., & weiss, p., neue griechische schleuderbleie. tissaphernes und weitere kommandeure, p. 148 - 149 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets (glandes) were small, often lead projectiles used in ancient warfare, primarily by light infantry known as slingers. these bullets were designed to be launched from a sling, a simple yet effective weapon consisting of a leather or woven pouch attached to two cords. the design of the sling bullet was aerodynamic, typically rounded or cylindrical, which allowed it to be thrown with significant speed and accuracy. the slingers would use their skill to launch these projectiles over considerable distances, making them effective against both enemy troops and fortifications. \n \n sling bullets were not just functional; they were often inscribed or decorated with various symbols and inscriptions. common motifs included images of gods, such as zeus' thunderbolt or the helmeted head of athena, which were meant to invoke divine favor or instill fear in the enemy. some bullets bore inscriptions or taunts, such as \"take that!\" or \"catch me!\" these inscriptions served both psychological and propagandistic purposes, demoralizing the enemy and boosting the morale of the troops using them. the inscriptions also provide valuable insights into the cultural and military practices of the time. \n \n archaeological discoveries of greek sling bullets, particularly from battlefields and military sites, offer significant insights into ancient warfare. they illustrate the widespread use of slings as a weapon of choice among light infantry and their role in various conflicts, including those fought by city-states like athens and sparta. the presence of inscribed sling bullets in different regions of the mediterranean also indicates the extensive use of this weapon beyond greek borders, showing how greek military practices influenced and were adopted by other cultures."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"156","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with inscription 'na / mer'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17529/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:49.413Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17529,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17530/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17530/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: feeder vase with strainer \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 68 mm x 67 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek feeder vases, also known as nasi or nasi-krater, are a distinctive type of ceramic vessel used primarily during the classical and hellenistic periods (circa 5th to 3rd centuries bce). these vases were designed to serve as a practical container for holding and dispensing liquids, particularly during communal meals and symposia. characterized by their wide, shallow bowls and often featuring a broad, flared rim, feeder vases were typically equipped with one or two handles, which facilitated pouring and serving. they were used to hold beverages such as wine, water, or even oil, and were a common sight at both everyday gatherings and ceremonial occasions. \n \n the design and decoration of greek feeder vases varied, with many adorned with intricate patterns and scenes painted in the black-figure or red-figure techniques, which were prominent in greek pottery. the black-figure technique, where figures appear in black against a red clay background, and the red-figure technique, where figures are left in red while the background is painted black, were both employed to depict a range of motifs. these motifs could include mythological scenes, athletic competitions, or domestic life, reflecting the cultural values and artistic preferences of the period. the decorative elements not only added aesthetic value but also provided insight into the societal and cultural practices of ancient greece. \n \n feeder vases were not just functional but also held social significance. they were often used in symposia, the greek social gatherings where participants engaged in drinking, discussion, and entertainment. the choice of a feeder vase for such events could signify status and wealth, as more elaborately decorated vases were typically owned by the elite. additionally, feeder vases are often found in archaeological contexts, including domestic sites and funerary deposits, indicating their widespread use and importance in both daily life and ritual practices."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"157","title":{"es":"greek feeder vase with strainer"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17530/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.782Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17530,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17531/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17531/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17531/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17531/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group b \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1400 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 120 mm x 131 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, prof. dr. claus-hunno hunzinger, in germany since before 1960s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n oil lamps played a significant role in lighting and daily life during the bronze and iron ages. these lamps were simple yet effective devices consisting of a container for holding oil and a wick that would burn, providing illumination in the darkness. as technology and metallurgy advanced during the bronze and iron ages, oil lamps became more sophisticated in terms of design and materials. \n \n in the bronze age, oil lamps were often made of ceramic and had a rudimentary shape, with an oil reservoir and a spout or nozzle to hold the wick. these lamps were used in homes and places of worship, and some featured simple decorative designs. \n \n in the iron age, oil lamps saw technological and stylistic advancements. they became more elaborate, with a wider variety of designs and materials, such as bronze. these lamps often featured decorative shapes and handles for easier transportation. in addition to their practical function, some iron age oil lamps also held symbolic and ritual significance in religious and funerary contexts."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"158","title":{"es":"bronze age oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group b"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17531/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.784Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17531,"dimensions":{"depth":13.1},"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":700,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17532/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17532/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17532/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an attis telesphoros \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 66 mm x 21 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n attis and telesphorus are figures from ancient roman religion, both associated with the cults of the eastern mediterranean and particularly connected to the worship of attis, a deity linked to the phrygian goddess cybele. attis was a fertility god and a symbol of the cycle of life, death, and rebirth. in roman times, the worship of attis, alongside cybele, became a prominent mystery cult. attis was often depicted as a youthful, androgynous figure, reflecting themes of regeneration and eternal life. his myth involved tragic elements, including his self-castration and death, followed by his resurrection, which became central themes in the rites associated with him. \n \n telesphorus, on the other hand, was a deity whose worship became more prominent in the roman empire, especially from the 2nd century ce onward. he was considered a companion of asclepius, the god of medicine, and was often associated with healing and recovery. telesphorus was depicted as a youthful figure wearing a conical hat and a cloak, symbolizing his role in providing comfort and healing to the sick. his iconography and attributes emphasize his role in the healing process, particularly in connection with the recovery of patients, aligning with the broader roman interest in health and well-being. \n \n the connection between attis and telesphorus highlights the syncretic nature of roman religion, where deities from various cultures were integrated into the roman pantheon and their attributes adapted to fit roman religious practices. attis, with his associations with fertility and rebirth, and telesphorus, with his focus on healing, reflect the roman emphasis on incorporating diverse religious practices and beliefs from the eastern mediterranean into their own religious framework."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"159","title":{"es":"roman statuette of an attis telesphoros"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17532/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":700,"soldPrice":750,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.786Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac900","currency":"EUR","id":17532,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17533/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17533/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17533/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: feeder jug with strainer \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 125 mm x 100 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs with strainers, known as situlae or strainer jugs, were specialized ceramic vessels designed for filtering liquids, primarily used in the domestic and culinary contexts of ancient rome. these jugs featured a unique design with a built-in strainer or mesh, typically integrated into the spout or neck of the jug. the primary function of the strainer was to filter out solids, such as seeds or impurities, from liquids like wine or water. this feature was particularly useful for ensuring that beverages were free from unwanted particles before consumption, reflecting the romans' attention to the quality and presentation of their food and drink. \n \n the design of these jugs often included a perforated strainer or a series of small holes, which allowed liquid to pass through while retaining larger particles. the strainers were sometimes made from the same clay as the jug, while in other cases, they might have been constructed from metal or other materials. the jugs themselves were typically made from fine pottery, with some examples featuring elaborate decorations or inscriptions that reflected the owner's status or preferences. the integration of the strainer into the jug\u2019s design was both practical and aesthetically pleasing, blending functionality with the artistry of roman ceramics. \n \n archaeological finds of roman jugs with strainers provide valuable insights into everyday roman life and culinary practices. these vessels have been discovered in a variety of contexts, including domestic households, dining settings, and even in funerary contexts, indicating their widespread use and importance. the presence of such specialized items underscores the romans' sophisticated approach to food preparation and consumption, highlighting their desire for cleanliness and refinement in their culinary practices."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"160","title":{"es":"roman feeder jug with strainer"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17533/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:38.788Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17533,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":250,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17534/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17534/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17534/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 80 mm x 117 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek bronze vessels, particularly bowls, represent an important aspect of ancient greek metalworking and artistry. during the archaic and classical periods (circa 7th to 4th centuries bce), bronze bowls were commonly used in various aspects of greek life, from everyday dining to religious ceremonies. these bowls were made from a bronze alloy, which was highly valued for its durability and ability to be finely worked into intricate designs. the use of bronze for such vessels was a mark of sophistication and often indicated the owner's wealth and status. \n \n greek bronze bowls were renowned for their decorative elements, which frequently featured motifs from greek mythology, daily life, or geometric patterns. common themes included scenes of gods and goddesses, mythological creatures, and athletic competitions, reflecting the rich cultural and religious tapestry of ancient greece. the detailed craftsmanship involved in creating these designs not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the bowls but also served as a form of artistic expression, demonstrating the skill of the metalworkers. the bowls often had a polished surface, which would have added to their visual impact during use. \n \n these bronze bowls were used in a variety of settings. in domestic contexts, they served as elegant dining vessels for serving food or drink, often used in symposia or banquets where their refined appearance added to the social prestige of the event. in religious and ceremonial contexts, bronze bowls were used in libations and offerings, reflecting the role of metal vessels in sacred rituals."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"161","title":{"es":"greek bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17534/view","directSalePrice":250,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.295Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17534,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17535/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17535/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17535/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17535/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17535/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: applique with apollo playing lyre \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 88 mm x 36 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, middlesex, formed in the 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n important: stand not included \n \n in roman religion, apollo was a significant deity who was adopted from the greek pantheon and integrated into roman worship with some modifications. originally a greek god of the sun, music, prophecy, and healing, apollo retained these attributes in roman tradition. he was often depicted as a youthful, beardless figure, symbolizing beauty, intellect, and artistic inspiration. his worship in rome was multifaceted, reflecting his wide-ranging influence over various aspects of life and culture. \n \n one of apollo\u2019s key roles in roman religion was as a god of prophecy and healing. the romans revered him as a source of divine insight and guidance, and his oracle at delphi was highly respected even in rome. apollo was also associated with medicine and healing, particularly through his connection with his son asclepius, who was worshipped as a god of healing. temples dedicated to apollo, such as the temple of apollo on the palatine hill and the temple of apollo sosianus, served as important religious and cultural centers where romans sought his favor and guidance. \n \n apollo\u2019s influence extended into the arts and culture of rome as well. he was considered the patron of music, poetry, and the arts, and his presence was a common motif in roman art and literature. the romans celebrated him with festivals and games, such as the ludi apollinares, which were held in his honor and included various public entertainments. apollo\u2019s role in roman society reflected the broader adoption and adaptation of greek deities into roman religion, illustrating how the romans synthesized elements of greek culture with their own religious practices and values."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"162","title":{"es":"roman applique with apollo playing lyre"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17535/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.338Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17535,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17536/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17536/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17536/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17536/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with alexander the great drachm. obverse: head of herakles wearing lion-skin head-dress. reverse: zeus enthroned holding eagle and sceptre. \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 23 mm x 20 mm, 17,5 mm diameter inside, 13 eu, 6,5 usa \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n alexander iii of macedon, commonly known as alexander the great, was a king of the ancient greek kingdom of macedon. he succeeded his father philip ii to the throne in 336 bc at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout western asia and egypt. by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from greece to northwestern india. he was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. \n \n until the age of 16, alexander was tutored by aristotle. in 335 bc, shortly after his assumption of kingship over macedon, he campaigned in the balkans and reasserted control over thrace and illyria before marching on the city of thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. alexander then led the league of corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all greeks in their conquest of persia. \n \n in 334 bc, he invaded the achaemenid persian empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. following his conquest of asia minor, alexander broke the power of achaemenid persia in a series of decisive battles, including those at issus and gaugamela; he subsequently overthrew darius iii and conquered the achaemenid empire in its entirety. after the fall of persia, the macedonian empire held a vast swath of territory between the adriatic sea and the indus river. alexander endeavored to reach the \"ends of the world and the great outer sea\" and invaded india in 326 bc, achieving an important victory over porus, an ancient indian king of present-day punjab, at the battle of the hydaspes. due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the beas river and later died in 323 bc in babylon, the city of mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a greek invasion of arabia. in the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the macedonian empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the diadochi. \n \n with his death marking the start of the hellenistic period, alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism that his conquests engendered, such as greco-buddhism and hellenistic judaism. he founded more than twenty cities that bore his name, with the most prominent being the city of alexandria in egypt. alexander's settlement of greek colonists and the resulting spread of greek culture led to the overwhelming dominance of hellenistic civilization and influence as far east as the indian subcontinent. the hellenistic period developed through the roman empire into modern western culture; the greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the byzantine empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century ad. greek-speaking communities in central anatolia and in far-eastern anatolia survived until the greek genocide of the 1910s and early 1920s as well as the greek\u2013turkish population exchange of the mid-1920s. alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of achilles, featuring prominently in the historical and mythical traditions of both greek and non-greek cultures. his military achievements and unprecedented enduring successes in battle made him the measure against which many later military leaders would compare themselves, and his tactics remain a significant subject of study in military academies worldwide."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"163","title":{"es":"ring with alexander the great drachm"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17536/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.342Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17536,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17537/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: kylix with floral decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 65 mm x 190 mm x 130 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex ex french private collection, j.h.e. demangeon, 1904 - 1992, acquired in 1989 from m. demangeon \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek kylix is a type of drinking cup with a shallow bowl and two horizontally oriented handles, commonly used in ancient greece during the archaic and classical periods (circa 6th to 4th centuries bce). known for its practicality and aesthetic appeal, the kylix was often employed during symposia, the social gatherings where greek men would drink, converse, and enjoy entertainment. the shallow design of the kylix made it ideal for toasting and for drinking wine, which was typically diluted with water. \n \n kylixes decorated with floral patterns are notable for their elegant and intricate designs. floral decoration on these vessels often featured motifs such as palmettes, lotus flowers, and other stylized plant forms, reflecting the greeks' appreciation for natural beauty and their artistic skill in pottery. the floral patterns were usually executed using the black-figure or red-figure techniques. in the black-figure technique, the decoration was painted in a slip that turned black during firing, leaving the natural red clay as the background. in the red-figure technique, the figures and patterns were left in the red of the clay while the background was painted black. the choice of technique and the quality of the floral designs often indicated the skill of the potter and the social status of the owner. \n \n floral decorations on kylixes also carried symbolic meanings and were part of a broader trend in greek art that celebrated the natural world. the recurring use of floral motifs on these drinking vessels showcased the artist's ability to integrate decorative patterns with functional objects, blending form and function seamlessly."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"164","title":{"es":"greek kylix with floral decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17537/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:52.629Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17537,"dimensions":{"depth":13},"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17538/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17538/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17538/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 51 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. from old european collection, acquired in múnich in the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in ancient roman society, used for securing doors, chests, and other locked items, reflecting both practical utility and social status. typically made from materials like bronze or iron, roman keys were often small and intricately designed to fit into complex locks, which were a common feature in roman homes, shops, and public buildings. the locks they operated were generally made of wood or metal and could be quite sophisticated, incorporating pin-and-tumbler mechanisms similar to modern locks. keys were often carried on a person, and their design sometimes included a ring-shaped handle, allowing them to double as finger rings, a practical solution that made them easy to carry and also a display of wealth or status. \n \n keys held symbolic value in roman society as well. for wealthy romans, owning and using keys was a marker of personal security and control over valuable goods, such as money, jewelry, and important documents. the presence of keys signified that someone had possessions worth safeguarding, and they could also represent authority and independence, particularly for roman women. a key ring given to a bride on her wedding day, for example, symbolized her new role as the manager of the household and its resources. keys thus became more than functional objects\u2014they were symbols of trust and responsibility in both personal and public life. \n \n in addition to their daily use in homes and businesses, roman keys have been found in tombs and burial sites, signifying their importance even in death. keys placed in graves could represent the deceased's continued guardianship over their possessions or symbolize their journey to the afterlife, unlocking the gates of the underworld. the craftsmanship and materials used in roman keys provide insight into the technological advancements of the time, as well as the social and economic conditions in which they were created. these small but significant objects tell us much about roman security practices, social norms, and the values attached to ownership and authority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"165","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17538/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:49.415Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17538,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17539/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17539/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with inscription 'manes / eyar and manes / pantar' \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek, thrace and turkey \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets (glandes) were small, often lead projectiles used in ancient warfare, primarily by slingers who were light infantry specialized in using slings. these bullets were designed to be thrown with great force and accuracy from a sling\u2014a simple weapon consisting of a pouch attached to two cords. the aerodynamic shape of the sling bullet, often rounded or cylindrical, allowed it to travel long distances with significant impact. the use of slings and bullets was a strategic choice in battles, as slingers could attack enemies from a distance and disrupt formations before engaging in closer combat. \n \n the greek sling bullets were not merely functional but often carried inscriptions or symbolic decorations. common motifs included religious symbols, mythological figures, or simple inscriptions. for example, some bullets featured images of gods, such as zeus\u2019s thunderbolt, which was intended to invoke divine protection or strike fear into the enemy. inscriptions on the bullets, like taunts or messages, were meant to demoralize the opponent and boost the morale of the slingers. these inscriptions provide valuable insights into the psychological aspects of ancient warfare and the role of propaganda in battle. \n \n archaeological finds of greek sling bullets from various battlefields and military sites reveal their widespread use and importance in ancient greek military strategy. these projectiles have been discovered in significant quantities at sites such as the ancient city of corinth and the battlefield of marathon, highlighting their role in both offensive and defensive operations. the study of these artifacts offers a glimpse into the tactical innovations of greek warfare, showcasing how even small, seemingly mundane items could have a considerable impact on the outcomes of battles and the broader course of military history."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"166","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with inscription 'manes / eyar and manes / pantar'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17539/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:49.416Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17539,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17540/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17540/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: eros applique \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 38 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in roman mythology, eros was adapted from the greek god of love and desire, originally known as eros. while the greek eros was a primordial deity associated with the force of attraction and the creation of life, the roman version of eros, often identified as cupid (or amor), was more closely associated with romantic and erotic love. cupid, depicted as a mischievous, winged youth armed with a bow and arrows, was believed to cause individuals to fall in love or become infatuated. his arrows were said to have the power to induce both passionate love and playful desire, influencing both mortals and gods. \n \n roman representations of eros/cupid often emphasized his playful and sometimes impish nature. in art and sculpture, he was commonly portrayed as a chubby, youthful figure with wings, often alongside his mother, venus, the goddess of love and beauty. this portrayal was meant to symbolize the unpredictability and enchantment of love. cupid's arrows, one gold-tipped for igniting desire and one lead-tipped for causing indifference, played a central role in mythological stories, highlighting the dual nature of love\u2014its power to both uplift and torment. \n \n the cult of cupid and his imagery were popular in roman art and literature, reflecting the widespread fascination with themes of love and desire. cupid appeared in various roman works, from poetry and plays to mosaics and frescoes, often depicted in scenes of love or flirtation. his image also became a common motif in decorative arts, such as jewelry and household items, symbolizing the pervasive and enduring nature of love in roman culture. through these representations, cupid not only continued the greek tradition but also became an integral part of roman cultural and artistic expression, embodying the universal and timeless aspects of human affection and attraction."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"167","title":{"es":"roman eros applique"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17540/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.351Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17540,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17541/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17541/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17541/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: megarian bowl \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 2nd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 72 mm x 118 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, ex auction in bordeaux (2018) and private dutch collection. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek megarian bowls are a distinctive type of ceramic vessel that flourished in ancient greece, particularly during the 4th century bce. these bowls, also known as megarian bowls, were named after the city of megara, where they were produced. they are characterized by their elegant, shallow, and wide shape with a flared rim and often come with a low, flat base. the design of the megarian bowl was well-suited for both practical use and decorative purposes, making them popular in domestic settings as well as in ceremonial contexts. \n \n one of the most notable features of megarian bowls is their intricate and often highly decorative relief work. the decoration typically included a range of motifs, such as geometric patterns, floral designs, and mythological scenes. these motifs were often applied using a technique called relief carving, where the designs were carved into the surface of the bowl, creating a raised effect. this intricate detailing not only added to the aesthetic appeal of the bowls but also demonstrated the skill and craftsmanship of the potters who produced them. \n \n the use of megarian bowls extended beyond their functional purpose as dining vessels. they were also used in various rituals and ceremonies, reflecting their importance in ancient greek culture. the bowls' elaborate designs made them prized possessions, often exchanged as gifts or used in commemorative feasts. their presence in archaeological sites, including domestic and funerary contexts, underscores their significance in greek life and rituals."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"168","title":{"es":"greek megarian bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17541/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:52.631Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17541,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17542/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17542/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17542/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 145 mm x 130 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, r.villinger-schmeller, bavaria, acquired before 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs were versatile and commonly used ceramic vessels that served a variety of functions in daily roman life. typically crafted from clay and sometimes from more luxurious materials like glass or metal, these jugs were designed for storing and pouring liquids, such as water, wine, and oil. their practical design usually featured a rounded body with a narrow neck and a handle, making them easy to hold and pour from. the size and shape of roman jugs could vary, with some being large enough to hold several liters of liquid, while others were smaller and more portable. \n \n the decoration of roman jugs often reflected their practical use as well as their aesthetic appeal. common techniques included incising, stamping, and painting. for instance, many jugs were decorated with motifs such as geometric patterns, floral designs, or mythological scenes. these decorations not only enhanced the visual appeal of the jugs but also provided insights into the artistic tastes and cultural influences of the time. in addition to decorative elements, some jugs were inscribed with markings or names, which could indicate ownership or the contents of the jug. \n \n archaeological finds of roman jugs from various sites, including domestic, public, and funerary contexts, highlight their widespread use and importance. in domestic settings, jugs were integral to everyday activities, such as meal preparation and serving. in public and ceremonial contexts, they might have been used to dispense wine or oil. their presence in burial contexts also suggests that they were valued possessions, sometimes included in graves as part of grave goods."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"169","title":{"es":"roman jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17542/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:52.633Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17542,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17543/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17543/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17543/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 180 mm x 130 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs were versatile and commonly used ceramic vessels that served a variety of functions in daily roman life. typically crafted from clay and sometimes from more luxurious materials like glass or metal, these jugs were designed for storing and pouring liquids, such as water, wine, and oil. their practical design usually featured a rounded body with a narrow neck and a handle, making them easy to hold and pour from. the size and shape of roman jugs could vary, with some being large enough to hold several liters of liquid, while others were smaller and more portable. \n \n the decoration of roman jugs often reflected their practical use as well as their aesthetic appeal. common techniques included incising, stamping, and painting. for instance, many jugs were decorated with motifs such as geometric patterns, floral designs, or mythological scenes. these decorations not only enhanced the visual appeal of the jugs but also provided insights into the artistic tastes and cultural influences of the time. in addition to decorative elements, some jugs were inscribed with markings or names, which could indicate ownership or the contents of the jug. \n \n archaeological finds of roman jugs from various sites, including domestic, public, and funerary contexts, highlight their widespread use and importance. in domestic settings, jugs were integral to everyday activities, such as meal preparation and serving. in public and ceremonial contexts, they might have been used to dispense wine or oil. their presence in burial contexts also suggests that they were valued possessions, sometimes included in graves as part of grave goods."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"170","title":{"es":"roman jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17543/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:04:52.634Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17543,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17544/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17544/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17544/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cooking pot \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, tunisia \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 70 mm x 113 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman cooking pots with lids were essential kitchenware in ancient rome, reflecting the romans' advanced approach to cooking and food storage. these pots were typically made of ceramic or sometimes metal and were designed with a domed lid that fit snugly over the pot's opening. the primary function of the lid was to help retain heat and moisture during cooking, which was particularly useful for slow-cooked dishes such as stews and soups. the use of a lid allowed for more even cooking and enhanced the flavors of the food by preventing the loss of steam and essential aromas. \n \n the design of roman cooking pots with lids often featured a simple yet effective construction. the pot itself was usually rounded with a sturdy base, and the lid was often equipped with a small handle for ease of removal. some lids had a small central knob or raised ridge, which helped create a tighter seal when in place. the materials used for these pots ranged from coarse, utilitarian clay to finer, more decorated ceramics, reflecting the status and wealth of the household. the pots were also often glazed or painted with simple patterns, though more elaborate designs were reserved for wealthier individuals. \n \n archaeological evidence of these cooking pots, discovered in domestic contexts such as kitchens and storerooms, provides insights into roman culinary practices and daily life. the widespread use of these pots across different strata of roman society highlights their practicality and importance in roman cooking."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"171","title":{"es":"roman cooking pot"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17544/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:53.501Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17544,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17545/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17545/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17545/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting helios \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 24 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman helios was a solar deity adopted from the greek pantheon, where he was known as the personification of the sun. in roman religion, helios was often associated with sol, the roman god of the sun, but he retained distinct characteristics and was sometimes worshipped as a separate entity. helios was depicted as driving a chariot across the sky, a classic representation inherited from greek mythology, symbolizing his role as the sun's charioteer who illuminated the world each day. \n \n the worship of helios in rome, though less prominent than that of sol invictus, was still significant, particularly in the context of roman syncretism. the romans integrated greek deities into their own religious framework, often blending their attributes and stories with those of roman gods. in roman art and literature, helios was portrayed with a radiant crown, emphasizing his divine connection to the sun. his iconography often included the sun chariot and sometimes the horses that pulled it, reflecting the continuity of greek religious imagery. \n \n despite helios' integration into roman religious practices, the prominence of sol invictus, especially after the reforms of emperor aurelian, overshadowed him. sol invictus, with his emphasis on the \"unconquered sun, \" became the central solar deity of the later roman empire, overshadowing helios in official state religion. however, helios' legacy continued through his representation in art and literature, illustrating the enduring influence of greek religious traditions on roman culture. the blend of these solar deities highlights the complex nature of roman religious practices and the ways in which they absorbed and adapted elements from various cultural and religious sources."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"172","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting helios"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17545/view","directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.318Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17545,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17546/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17546/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17546/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17546/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 88 mm x 18 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, cologne, dr. w., 1926 - 2007, collected between 1960 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"173","title":{"es":"roman flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17546/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:53.503Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17546,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17547/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17547/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17547/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17547/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17547/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17547/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: vessel with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: indus valley \n \n period: 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 90 mm x 127 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from various auctions houses and collections before 2000, ex english private collection, cambridgeshire, thence by descent \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n indus valley pottery, originating from the ancient indus valley civilization (circa 3300\u20131300 bce), represents a significant aspect of the material culture of one of the world\u2019s earliest urban civilizations. the pottery from this region is known for its high quality and diverse forms, including both utilitarian and decorative vessels. common types of pottery include storage jars, cooking pots, and serving dishes, all of which were crafted using advanced techniques for their time. the pottery was typically wheel-thrown, allowing for uniform shapes and smooth surfaces, and was often finished with a slip, which is a liquid mixture of clay and water, to create a shiny, polished appearance. \n \n one of the most notable features of indus valley pottery is its distinctive decoration. many pots were adorned with intricate geometric patterns, such as grids, zigzags, and diamonds, often applied using a technique called \"stamping\" or \"incising, \" where designs were pressed into the surface of the wet clay. some pottery also features naturalistic motifs, such as animals or plants, providing insights into the flora and fauna of the region and reflecting the aesthetic preferences of the indus people. the use of red and black slip to create contrasting designs further enhanced the visual appeal of these artifacts, demonstrating a sophisticated approach to artistic expression. \n \n indus valley pottery also provides valuable information about the socio-economic aspects of the civilization. the variety of pottery types suggests a well-developed system of production and trade, with different forms serving specific functions in daily life. the discovery of pottery at various archaeological sites, including major urban centers like mohenjo-daro and harappa, indicates that these vessels were integral to both domestic activities and long-distance trade."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"174","title":{"es":"indus valley vessel with decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17547/view","tags":["esinternational_southasian","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:53.505Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17547,"dimensions":{"depth":12.7},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17548/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17548/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17548/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17548/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: stamp seal \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 3rd - 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 52 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n bronze age stamp seals are significant artifacts that offer insights into the administrative, economic, and cultural practices of ancient civilizations during the bronze age, roughly spanning from 3300 to 1200 bce. these seals, typically made from materials such as bronze, stone, or clay, were used to imprint distinctive designs or inscriptions onto various surfaces, including clay tablets, fabrics, and documents. the primary function of these stamps was to authenticate and mark ownership or authority, serving as a form of signature for individuals or institutions. the designs on the seals often included symbols, motifs, or insignias that identified the owner or the issuing authority, playing a crucial role in trade and record-keeping. \n \n the design and craftsmanship of bronze age stamp seals varied widely across different regions and cultures. in mesopotamia, for example, seal impressions often depicted intricate scenes of mythological or religious significance, while in the indus valley civilization, seals featured more abstract motifs and animal figures. the artistry involved in creating these seals demonstrates the advanced metalworking and engraving skills of the time. the use of such seals facilitated the development of complex administrative systems and long-distance trade networks, as they provided a means of verifying and recording transactions and agreements in a pre-literate society. \n \n the archaeological discovery of bronze age stamp seals has provided valuable information about the social and economic structures of ancient societies. they offer clues about trade practices, as well as the distribution of goods and resources. additionally, seal impressions found on clay tablets or packaging often include inscriptions or logos that help historians understand the administrative practices and bureaucratic functions of ancient civilizations"},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"175","title":{"es":"bronze age stamp seal"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17548/view","directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.321Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17548,"dimensions":{"depth":5.2},"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17549/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17549/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17549/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17549/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: amulet of the god pataikos \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 47 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition, base repaired \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, new york, jay cannata, acquired around 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n pataikos is a deity from ancient egyptian religion, known primarily as a protective god associated with fertility and household welfare. often depicted as a dwarf with a round, pot-bellied body, pataikos was considered a symbol of strength and protection, particularly within domestic settings. his image was commonly used as an amulet or charm to ward off evil spirits and safeguard the home. pataikos' distinctive appearance and attributes made him a popular figure in amulets and other small artifacts, reflecting his role in ensuring safety and prosperity for families. \n \n in egyptian iconography, pataikos was frequently shown with a variety of symbols that underscored his protective functions. he was sometimes depicted holding a sistrum (a musical instrument associated with the goddess hathor), a weapon, or other items that indicated his role in defense and guardianship. his portrayal as a dwarf was likely intended to convey his unique, supernatural abilities and his role as a powerful guardian despite his small stature. this representation also aligned with broader egyptian themes of using supernatural beings to guard against misfortune and ensure well-being. \n \n pataikos\u2019 role in egyptian religion highlights the practical and personal aspects of ancient egyptian worship, where deities were not only revered in grand temples but also incorporated into everyday life through personal amulets and household items. his protective attributes were especially valued in the context of domestic life, where the need for personal safety and well-being was paramount."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"176","title":{"es":"egyptian amulet of the god pataikos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17549/view","directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T16:44:51.069Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17549,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17550/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17550/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17550/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17550/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 48 mm x 160 mm x 103 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, p.a., munich, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek skyphos is a type of drinking cup that was widely used in ancient greece, especially during the 6th to 4th centuries bce. characterized by its deep, bowl-like shape with a wide, rounded body and two horizontally oriented handles, the skyphos was designed for practical use in drinking wine, water, or other liquids. its design, with a low, broad profile, made it particularly suitable for holding and drinking from, and it was a common vessel in symposiums and other social gatherings where beverages were enjoyed. \n \n skyphoi were often decorated with intricate designs and motifs, reflecting the artistic preferences of the period. the decoration typically included geometric patterns, mythological scenes, or representations of daily life, executed in the black-figure or red-figure pottery techniques. in the black-figure technique, figures and patterns were painted in a slip that turned black during firing, while the red-figure technique involved leaving the figures in red against a black background. these decorations not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the skyphos but also served to convey cultural and social messages, such as affiliations with certain deities or participation in particular rituals. \n \n the widespread use of skyphoi in various contexts, including domestic, public, and ceremonial settings, underscores their importance in greek daily life and social practices. archaeological finds of skyphoi from symposiums, homes, and even graves reveal their role in both everyday activities and ritual practices."},"estimateMax":450,"lotNumber":"177","title":{"es":"greek skyphos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17550/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:53.507Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac450","currency":"EUR","id":17550,"dimensions":{"depth":10.3},"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17551/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17551/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17551/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17551/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oinochoe \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 120 mm x 78 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, j.h.e. demangeon, 1904 - 1992, acquired in 1989 from m. demangeon \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek jugs, known in ancient greece as oinochoai (wine-pourers), were essential ceramic vessels used primarily for storing and pouring liquids, most commonly wine, water, or oil. these jugs typically feature a rounded body, a narrow neck, and a handle that made them practical for both pouring and holding. their shape varied, but the general design was optimized for ease of use and functionality. the narrow neck helped control the flow of the liquid, while the handle provided a secure grip, facilitating the transfer of liquid from the jug to other vessels or directly into cups. \n \n the decoration of greek jugs varied widely, reflecting the artistic styles and cultural values of different periods. many jugs were adorned with intricate patterns, including geometric designs, mythological scenes, or representations of everyday life. the decoration techniques included black-figure and red-figure painting, which allowed for detailed and vibrant imagery. in the black-figure technique, figures and patterns were painted in a slip that turned black during firing, leaving the background in the natural red of the clay. in contrast, the red-figure technique involved leaving the figures in red while painting the background black. these decorative choices were not only aesthetically pleasing but also conveyed cultural and symbolic meanings. \n \n archaeological evidence of greek jugs from various sites, including domestic homes, public gatherings, and funerary contexts, illustrates their widespread use and significance. in domestic settings, jugs were integral to daily life, used for serving and storing essential liquids. in public and ceremonial contexts, they played a role in communal feasts and religious rituals. their presence in grave goods indicates their value and the importance of their role in both everyday and ritualistic activities."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"178","title":{"es":"greek oinochoe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17551/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:53.509Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17551,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17552/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: reliquary cross (encolpion) decorated with inscription \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 78 mm x 42 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the byzantine pendant encolpion, also known as an enkolpion or encolpion, was a type of religious pendant worn by members of the byzantine clergy and devout christians. these pendants typically took the form of small metal containers, often made of gold, silver, or bronze, and were worn suspended from a chain around the neck. the encolpion served as a portable reliquary or shrine, containing sacred relics, such as bone fragments of saints, pieces of the true cross, or holy oil, believed to possess healing or protective powers. \n \n byzantine pendant encolpia were intricately crafted and often adorned with elaborate designs, including religious symbols, scenes from the life of christ or the saints, and inscriptions in greek or latin. they were considered objects of veneration and devotion, serving as tangible reminders of the wearer's faith and piety. the encolpion played a significant role in byzantine religious rituals and practices, serving as a focal point for prayer, meditation, and spiritual contemplation. \n \n the use of byzantine pendant encolpia reflects the byzantine empire's rich tradition of religious art and devotion. these pendants served as personal talismans and symbols of divine protection, worn by individuals seeking spiritual guidance, healing, or divine favor."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"179","title":{"es":"byzantine reliquary cross (encolpion) decorated with inscription"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17552/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.936Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17552,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17553/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17553/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17553/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17553/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17553/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with monogram \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings with monograms are fascinating artifacts that provide insights into personal identity and social status in ancient rome. these rings were often crafted from metals like gold, silver, or bronze and featured engraved or intaglio monograms\u2014stylized combinations of letters or symbols\u2014on their surfaces. the monograms typically consisted of initials or abbreviations of the owner\u2019s name, or sometimes represented personal or familial symbols. this practice allowed individuals to display their personal identity or allegiance, and such rings were often used as signet rings for sealing documents or as symbols of ownership. \n \n the design and craftsmanship of these monogrammed rings varied, with some featuring intricate patterns and high-quality workmanship, while others were simpler and more utilitarian. the choice of metal and the complexity of the design often reflected the wearer\u2019s social status and wealth. high-status individuals might have rings with elaborate, finely detailed monograms, often combined with precious stones or elaborate metalwork. in contrast, rings worn by those of more modest means would be simpler in design but still carried the same personal significance. \n \n roman rings with monograms also had practical uses beyond their aesthetic value. they were often used in legal and administrative contexts, such as sealing official documents or letters, thereby serving as a mark of authenticity and personal authority. the use of monograms on rings highlights the roman emphasis on personal identity and the role of symbols in daily life."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"180","title":{"es":"roman ring with monogram"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17553/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:53.510Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17553,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17554/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17554/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17554/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17554/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pendant with alexander the great drachm. obverse: head of herakles wearing lion-skin head-dress. reverse: zeus enthroned holding eagle and sceptre. \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 32 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade circular silver setting. \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n alexander iii of macedon, commonly known as alexander the great, was a king of the ancient greek kingdom of macedon. he succeeded his father philip ii to the throne in 336 bc at the age of 20, and spent most of his ruling years conducting a lengthy military campaign throughout western asia and egypt. by the age of thirty, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from greece to northwestern india. he was undefeated in battle and is widely considered to be one of history's greatest and most successful military commanders. \n \n until the age of 16, alexander was tutored by aristotle. in 335 bc, shortly after his assumption of kingship over macedon, he campaigned in the balkans and reasserted control over thrace and illyria before marching on the city of thebes, which was subsequently destroyed in battle. alexander then led the league of corinth, and used his authority to launch the pan-hellenic project envisaged by his father, assuming leadership over all greeks in their conquest of persia. \n \n in 334 bc, he invaded the achaemenid persian empire and began a series of campaigns that lasted for 10 years. following his conquest of asia minor, alexander broke the power of achaemenid persia in a series of decisive battles, including those at issus and gaugamela; he subsequently overthrew darius iii and conquered the achaemenid empire in its entirety. after the fall of persia, the macedonian empire held a vast swath of territory between the adriatic sea and the indus river. alexander endeavored to reach the \"ends of the world and the great outer sea\" and invaded india in 326 bc, achieving an important victory over porus, an ancient indian king of present-day punjab, at the battle of the hydaspes. due to the demand of his homesick troops, he eventually turned back at the beas river and later died in 323 bc in babylon, the city of mesopotamia that he had planned to establish as his empire's capital. alexander's death left unexecuted an additional series of planned military and mercantile campaigns that would have begun with a greek invasion of arabia. in the years following his death, a series of civil wars broke out across the macedonian empire, eventually leading to its disintegration at the hands of the diadochi. \n \n with his death marking the start of the hellenistic period, alexander's legacy includes the cultural diffusion and syncretism that his conquests engendered, such as greco-buddhism and hellenistic judaism. he founded more than twenty cities that bore his name, with the most prominent being the city of alexandria in egypt. alexander's settlement of greek colonists and the resulting spread of greek culture led to the overwhelming dominance of hellenistic civilization and influence as far east as the indian subcontinent. the hellenistic period developed through the roman empire into modern western culture; the greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the byzantine empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century ad. greek-speaking communities in central anatolia and in far-eastern anatolia survived until the greek genocide of the 1910s and early 1920s as well as the greek\u2013turkish population exchange of the mid-1920s. alexander became legendary as a classical hero in the mould of achilles, featuring prominently in the historical and mythical traditions of both greek and non-greek cultures. his military achievements and unprecedented enduring successes in battle made him the measure against which many later military leaders would compare themselves, and his tactics remain a significant subject of study in military academies worldwide."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"181","title":{"es":"greek pendant with alexander the great drachm"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17554/view","tags":["esjewelry_necklacespendants","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:44.214Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17554,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17555/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17555/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17555/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17555/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: head of dionysos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 105 mm x 63 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, by descent from the 80s in the same family \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n dionysos, a prominent figure in greek mythology, was the god of wine, fertility, revelry, and theater. his worship was characterized by themes of ecstasy, liberation, and transformation. as the son of zeus and the mortal semele, dionysos was unique among the olympian gods due to his dual heritage, embodying both divine and human qualities. his presence was associated with the natural world, particularly the vine and its fruits, and his cult celebrated the cyclical nature of growth and decay. \n \n the worship of dionysos often involved rituals and festivals that reflected his association with wine and its effects. the most famous of these was the dionysian mysteries, which included dramatic performances, ecstatic dances, and processions. these festivals, such as the city dionysia in athens, were not only religious in nature but also culturally significant, as they included dramatic competitions that gave rise to the development of greek theater. dionysos was revered as the patron of dramatic arts, and his festivals played a crucial role in the evolution of western theater, with playwrights like aeschylus, sophocles, and euripides contributing to the genre during these celebrations. \n \n in art and literature, dionysos is often depicted with symbols such as the thyrsus (a staff topped with a pine cone), a crown of ivy, and accompanied by satyrs and maenads, his wild and frenzied followers. these symbols highlight his connection to nature, fertility, and the uninhibited aspects of human experience. dionysos' imagery and mythology reflect the ancient greeks' fascination with the balance between order and chaos, and his role in both providing pleasure and representing the untamed aspects of life. through his festivals, art, and mythology, dionysos remains a vivid symbol of the interplay between civilization and the natural world, joy and madness."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"182","title":{"es":"greek head of dionysos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17555/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:44.217Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17555,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":80,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17556/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17556/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: medical instrument, spatula probe \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 175 mm x 16 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1960 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bronze medical instruments, meticulously fashioned with skill and care, epitomize the sophistication of ancient healthcare. these robust implements, encompassing scalpels, forceps, and probes, manifest the romans\u2019 dedication to surgical precision and patient well-being. these tools played pivotal roles in an array of medical procedures, from intricate surgeries to wound management, underscoring the romans\u2019 unwavering commitment to the practice and science of healing. in contemporary times, these relics remain enduring symbols of the enduring influence of roman medicine and surgical prowess. \n \n the spatula probe consists of a long thin handle and tends to range in size from roughly 6 to 15 centimetres with a spatula on one end of its handle and an olivary probe on its other end, indicating its multifunctionality. the spatula is usually leaf-shaped and tends to be flat on one side and slightly rounded on the other. some spatula ends are quite thin, perhaps five or six millimetres in width, whilst others are short and blunt. some have more of a rectangular shape to them and others have a spatulat blade on both ends. it could be used for spreading medicaments on infected areas of the body as well as mixing medicines on an ointment pallet. sometimes the spatula could be used as a cautery, as soranus mentions using it on the umbilical cord (gyn 3. 27, milne 1907: 60). it could also be used as a tongue depressor and as a blunt dissector (milne 1907: 59-60). the olivary end could be used in the same way as many already suggested for the double-ended olivary probe."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"183","title":{"es":"roman medical instrument, spatula probe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17556/view","tags":["escollectibles_scientificinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":80,"soldPrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.939Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17556,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17557/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17557/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17557/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: legionary tile with stamp '[\u2026]nvac' \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 80 mm x 150 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, found in uk, east anglian teacher and antiquities dealer, between 1960 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman tiles with stamps are significant artifacts that offer insights into the manufacturing practices, economic organization, and administrative systems of ancient rome. these tiles, often made of fired clay, were used in construction, particularly in building roofs and floors. the stamps imprinted on the tiles typically include the name of the manufacturer, the workshop, or the official responsible for overseeing production. these stamps served both practical and administrative purposes, helping to track the production and distribution of tiles throughout the empire. \n \n the stamps on roman tiles can reveal a great deal about the scale and organization of tile production. often, they include the name of the fabrica (tile-making workshop) and the fabricae (the overseer or manager). some stamps also include information about the date of manufacture or the specific location where the tiles were produced. this level of detail reflects the romans' sophisticated approach to industrial management and quality control, as well as their emphasis on standardization across their vast empire. the stamps also helped in establishing accountability and ensuring that the tiles met the required standards for construction. \n \n in addition to their practical uses, the stamps on roman tiles also serve as historical documents that provide insights into the economic and social aspects of roman life. they often include personal names, titles, and sometimes even references to imperial decrees or local regulations, shedding light on the individuals and institutions involved in tile production."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"184","title":{"es":"roman legionary tile with stamp '[\u2026]nvac'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17557/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.940Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17557,"dimensions":{"depth":2.2},"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17558/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17558/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17558/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type kennedy 3, hadad 4 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, herodian period \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 27 mm x 65 mm x 85 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the herodian period refers to the time during which the herodian dynasty ruled over judea, a region in the roman empire, from approximately 37 bce to 70 ce. this period is named after herod the great, who was appointed as king of judea by the roman senate in 37 bce. herod the great's reign was marked by extensive building projects, including the expansion of the second temple in jerusalem, which was one of his most notable achievements. herod's rule is often characterized by his ambitious architectural undertakings, which included fortresses, palaces, and cities, such as caesarea maritima, which he established as a major port city and administrative center. \n \n herod's reign was also marked by political and social upheaval. although he was a skilled administrator and was able to secure significant roman support, his rule was often contentious. he faced opposition from various jewish factions and was known for his harsh measures to maintain control, including the execution of perceived threats within his own family. herod's policies and his efforts to integrate jewish and hellenistic cultures created a complex social and political environment in judea, which sometimes led to tensions with the local population. \n \n following herod's death in 4 bce, his kingdom was divided among his sons, who ruled as tetrarchs. this division eventually led to further instability and conflict, with varying degrees of roman intervention and oversight. the herodian period ultimately ended with the first jewish revolt (66-73 ce), which led to the destruction of the second temple in 70 ce and significant changes in the governance of judea."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"185","title":{"es":"roman herodian oil lamp, type kennedy 3, hadad 4"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17558/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:44.218Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17558,"dimensions":{"depth":8.5},"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17559/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17559/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17559/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17559/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: elamite, middle period \n \n period: 1200 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 123 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n elamite period arrowheads, dating from roughly 2700 to 539 bce, provide valuable insights into the military practices and technological advancements of ancient elam, a civilization that flourished in what is now southwestern iran. these arrowheads, typically made of metal such as bronze or iron, were integral to elamite weaponry and warfare. the arrowheads varied in design, reflecting changes in military tactics and advancements in metallurgy over the centuries. common forms include leaf-shaped, barbed, and triangular designs, each serving different purposes in combat, such as penetrating armor or causing more severe wounds. \n \n the craftsmanship of elamite arrowheads showcases the technological expertise of the period. early elamite arrowheads were often forged from bronze and exhibited simple, functional designs. as technology progressed, there was a shift towards more sophisticated designs with improved materials, such as iron, which allowed for sharper and more durable points. this evolution in arrowhead technology reflects broader trends in ancient warfare, including the increased use of metal weaponry and the refinement of weapon-making techniques. the quality and design of these arrowheads also indicate the skill of elamite metalworkers and their ability to adapt to changing military needs. \n \n elamite period arrowheads also hold archaeological significance, as they have been found in various contexts, including battle sites, defensive structures, and burial sites. their presence in these locations helps researchers understand the scale and nature of conflicts in ancient elam. in burial contexts, arrowheads might be included as grave goods, symbolizing the warrior status of the deceased or reflecting the martial culture of the time."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"186","title":{"es":"elamite arrowhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17559/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.942Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17559,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":20,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17560/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17560/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17560/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 19 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired in the late 1960s-early 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in ancient roman society, used for securing doors, chests, and other locked items, reflecting both practical utility and social status. typically made from materials like bronze or iron, roman keys were often small and intricately designed to fit into complex locks, which were a common feature in roman homes, shops, and public buildings. the locks they operated were generally made of wood or metal and could be quite sophisticated, incorporating pin-and-tumbler mechanisms similar to modern locks. keys were often carried on a person, and their design sometimes included a ring-shaped handle, allowing them to double as finger rings, a practical solution that made them easy to carry and also a display of wealth or status. \n \n keys held symbolic value in roman society as well. for wealthy romans, owning and using keys was a marker of personal security and control over valuable goods, such as money, jewelry, and important documents. the presence of keys signified that someone had possessions worth safeguarding, and they could also represent authority and independence, particularly for roman women. a key ring given to a bride on her wedding day, for example, symbolized her new role as the manager of the household and its resources. keys thus became more than functional objects\u2014they were symbols of trust and responsibility in both personal and public life. \n \n in addition to their daily use in homes and businesses, roman keys have been found in tombs and burial sites, signifying their importance even in death. keys placed in graves could represent the deceased's continued guardianship over their possessions or symbolize their journey to the afterlife, unlocking the gates of the underworld. the craftsmanship and materials used in roman keys provide insight into the technological advancements of the time, as well as the social and economic conditions in which they were created. these small but significant objects tell us much about roman security practices, social norms, and the values attached to ownership and authority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"187","title":{"es":"roman key ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17560/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":20,"soldPrice":35,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.944Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17560,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17561/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17561/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with bee and inscription 'kalla' \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 32 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n parallel: manov, m. & torbov, m, inscribed lead sling bullets, p. 35, fig. 23 (instead of scorpion, bee) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets, also known as glandes, were small, often lead projectiles used primarily by slingers in ancient warfare. these bullets were designed to be hurled from a sling\u2014a simple but effective weapon that consisted of a pouch attached to two cords. the shape of the sling bullet was typically aerodynamic, allowing it to travel long distances with considerable force and accuracy. the use of sling bullets was a common military tactic in ancient greece, where slingers played a crucial role in battles by disrupting enemy formations from a distance. \n \n the design of greek sling bullets varied, but they were commonly made from lead due to its malleability and weight. the bullets were often round or slightly oval, which helped them achieve a stable flight path when thrown. some sling bullets were inscribed or decorated with symbols, names, or messages. these inscriptions could serve multiple purposes, such as identifying the owner, demoralizing opponents, or making a psychological impact during combat. for example, some bullets bore symbols of gods or mythological creatures, which could serve to invoke divine favor or intimidate the enemy. \n \n archaeological discoveries of greek sling bullets from battlefields, military fortifications, and other sites provide valuable insights into ancient warfare and military technology. the sheer number of sling bullets found at sites like marathon and corinth highlights their widespread use and effectiveness. these artifacts also shed light on the strategic importance of slingers and their role in the broader context of greek military tactics."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"188","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with bee and inscription 'kalla'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17561/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.945Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17561,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17562/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17562/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17562/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17562/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bread stamp with cross and inscription \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 11th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 65 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1990 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these stamps were used to imprint marks or designs onto bread loaves before baking, serving multiple functions. one primary purpose was to identify the origin and ownership of the bread, especially in public or communal baking contexts. by marking bread with distinctive stamps, it was possible to trace its source, ensuring proper distribution and preventing theft or fraud. \n \n typically, byzantine bread stamps were made from terracotta, a material that was both readily available and suitable for creating durable impressions. the designs on these stamps could vary widely, including geometric patterns, inscriptions, and sometimes even symbolic or religious motifs. the stamps often included the name of a bakery, a particular official, or a symbol representing a specific guild or organization. this not only facilitated the identification of the bread but also played a role in administrative control and quality assurance within the complex economic system of the byzantine empire. \n \n archaeological finds of these bread stamps, often discovered in urban and rural settings, provide valuable information about byzantine baking practices, economic regulation, and social organization. the presence of these stamps in various contexts, such as public bakeries or private homes, highlights the role of bread in daily byzantine life and the importance of maintaining order and quality in its production."},"estimateMax":280,"lotNumber":"189","title":{"es":"byzantine bread stamp with cross and inscription"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17562/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.947Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac280","currency":"EUR","id":17562,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17563/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17563/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17563/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: olpe \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 150 mm x 75 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, j.h.e. demangeon, 1904 - 1992, acquired in 1989 from m. demangeon \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek olpe is a type of ceramic vessel used primarily for storing and pouring liquids, such as water, wine, and oil. characterized by its distinctive shape, the olpe typically features a rounded body, a narrow neck, and a single handle. this design made it practical for both domestic and ceremonial uses, as the shape facilitated easy pouring and handling. the olpe was a versatile vessel, used in everyday activities as well as in ritual contexts, reflecting its importance in ancient greek life. \n \n one of the notable aspects of the olpe is its decoration. greek artisans often adorned these vessels with intricate patterns and motifs, employing techniques such as black-figure or red-figure painting. in black-figure pottery, designs were painted in a slip that turned black during firing, while the natural red of the clay formed the background. the red-figure technique involved painting the background black while leaving the figures in red. decorations on olpes could include geometric patterns, floral designs, or scenes from mythology and daily life. these artistic elements not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the olpe but also conveyed cultural and social significance."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"190","title":{"es":"greek olpe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17563/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:44.221Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17563,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":490,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17564/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17564/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17564/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a lar \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 33 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient roman religion, the term lar refers to a household deity or spirit associated with the protection and prosperity of the family and home. the lar was believed to be a guardian of the household, overseeing the well-being of its members and ensuring that the home was safe from harm. each roman family typically had its own lar, which was honored through various domestic rituals and offerings. the veneration of these deities was an integral part of daily life and reflected the romans' belief in the presence of divine forces within the domestic sphere. \n \n the representation of the lar in roman art often depicted the deity in a simple and approachable form, usually as a youthful figure or sometimes as an older, bearded man. the lar was often shown with a short tunic, and in some depictions, it was accompanied by symbols of household prosperity, such as a cornucopia or a patera (a shallow dish used in offerings). small household shrines, known as lararia, were dedicated to these deities and were typically located in a special part of the home. these shrines contained images or statues of the lar, and family members would make offerings and perform rituals at these altars to honor the deity and seek their protection. \n \n in addition to their role within the household, lares were also part of broader religious practices. they were associated with the penates, another class of household deities that were considered guardians of the pantry and the family\u2019s food supply. together with the penates, the lares were integral to the roman familia's religious life, ensuring both physical and spiritual nourishment. the veneration of these deities was not limited to private homes; there were also public ceremonies and rituals that involved lares, reflecting their importance in roman society. \n \n the concept of the lar illustrates the romans' emphasis on the integration of religious practice into daily life. by venerating these household deities, romans sought to ensure the stability and prosperity of their homes and families. the practice of honoring lares through domestic rituals and offerings highlights the significance of personal and familial relationships with the divine in roman culture. the study of lares and their role in roman religion provides valuable insights into the ways in which religious beliefs were woven into the fabric of everyday roman life."},"estimateMax":900,"lotNumber":"191","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a lar"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17564/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":490,"soldPrice":480,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.653Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac700 - \u20ac900","currency":"EUR","id":17564,"estimateMin":700},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17565/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17565/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17565/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring with carnelian \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 16 mm x 16 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, d.t., southern germany, since 1996. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were popular adornments worn by both men and women in ancient rome, serving as symbols of status, identity, and personal style. these rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and gemstones, and featured a wide range of designs, motifs, and inscriptions. roman rings were not only decorative but also carried symbolic and practical significance, often serving as seals, amulets, or markers of social status and affiliation. \n \n the design of roman rings varied depending on factors such as the wearer's gender, social status, and personal preferences. wealthy individuals often wore rings made from precious metals such as gold or silver, adorned with intricate designs, gemstones, or engraved inscriptions. common motifs found on roman rings included mythological figures, animals, floral patterns, and religious symbols, reflecting the diverse cultural influences and artistic traditions of the roman empire. \n \n roman rings were worn for a variety of purposes, including as decorative accessories, status symbols, and talismans for protection or luck. rings were often exchanged as gifts or tokens of affection, used to commemorate important life events such as marriages, births, or victories in battle. additionally, rings were sometimes used as seals for official documents or correspondence, with the wearer's engraved signet serving as a personal signature and mark of authenticity."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"192","title":{"es":"roman ring with carnelian"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17565/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.948Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17565,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":400,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17566/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17566/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17566/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp with male mask terminal \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 5th - 6th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 80 mm x 60 mm x 140 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 98929. \n lafli, e., & buora, m., roman, early byzantine and islamic bronze lamps from southern anatolia plate 1, fig. 7a - 7c \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n byzantine oil lamps in bronze are valuable artifacts that shed light on both the daily life and artistic achievements of the byzantine empire. these lamps were commonly used in households and religious settings to provide illumination. crafted from bronze, they often feature intricate designs that reflect the high level of craftsmanship prevalent during the byzantine period. the use of bronze, a durable and relatively inexpensive material, allowed for both functional and decorative elements, making these lamps a common and versatile item in byzantine interiors. \n \n the design of byzantine bronze oil lamps frequently included elaborate decorations and symbolic motifs. common features included intricate geometric patterns, floral designs, and sometimes christian symbols, such as crosses or images of saints. these decorative elements were not merely aesthetic but also conveyed religious and cultural significance. the iconography often reflected the byzantine emphasis on blending art with spirituality, and the presence of religious symbols on everyday items like oil lamps underscores the role of religion in daily life during this period. \n \n in terms of functionality, byzantine bronze oil lamps were designed with practical features such as a reservoir for oil and a wick holder. the design ensured a steady and controlled flow of oil to the wick, allowing for a consistent source of light. many lamps were crafted with a spout or a handle for easy pouring and handling, demonstrating the craftsmanship involved in making functional yet elegant objects. the study of these lamps provides insights into the technological and artistic advancements of the byzantine empire, as well as the everyday practices of its inhabitants."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"193","title":{"es":"byzantine oil lamp with male mask terminal"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17566/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.655Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17566,"dimensions":{"depth":14},"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17567/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17567/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17567/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: feeder vase with strainer \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, tunisia \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 110 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1975 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these vases, often made from ceramic or glass, were specifically designed to facilitate the pouring of liquids while simultaneously filtering out impurities or solid particles. the strainer, typically integrated into the neck or spout of the vase, allowed for the separation of unwanted debris from the liquid being poured. this feature was particularly useful in contexts where wine or other beverages were served, as it helped maintain the clarity and quality of the drink. \n \n the design of the feeder vase with a strainer often included a finely crafted mesh or perforated section within the spout. this strainer would catch particles such as sediment or residues, which could accumulate in the liquid over time. the use of such vases underscores the romans' emphasis on both functionality and aesthetics in their everyday objects. the integration of a strainer into the design of a feeder vase not only enhanced its practicality but also reflected the roman appreciation for innovation in household items."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"194","title":{"es":"roman feeder vase with strainer"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17567/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.656Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17567,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":130,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17568/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17568/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17568/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cup from shipwreck \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th - 3rd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 80 mm x 105 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired between 1985 - 1995 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek vessels recovered from shipwrecks provide valuable insights into ancient maritime trade, daily life, and craftsmanship. these artifacts, often found in well-preserved shipwrecks, include a variety of ceramics such as amphorae, kylixes, and oinochoai. amphorae, large storage jars with two handles, were commonly used for transporting goods like wine, oil, and grain. their presence in shipwrecks reveals the scale of trade networks and the types of goods being transported across the mediterranean. the study of these vessels helps reconstruct ancient trade routes and economic relationships between different regions of the greek world. \n \n the condition and decoration of greek vessels recovered from shipwrecks also offer clues about the cultural and artistic practices of the period. many of these vessels are adorned with intricate patterns, mythological scenes, or inscriptions that reflect the artistic styles and preferences of their time. for instance, red-figure and black-figure techniques found on pottery pieces help date the wreck and identify the region of origin. the detailed craftsmanship visible on these vessels demonstrates the high level of skill and artistry employed by greek potters and the significance of pottery in both domestic and ritual contexts. \n \n furthermore, the context of these shipwrecks often provides additional information about ancient greek maritime technology and practices. the arrangement of the vessels, their state of preservation, and associated cargo can reveal details about the construction and operation of greek ships."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"195","title":{"es":"greek cup from shipwreck"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17568/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":130,"soldPrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.658Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17568,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17569/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17569/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17569/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17569/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17569/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17569/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 57 mm x 155 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman terra sigillata vessels are a significant category of fine pottery that exemplifies the craftsmanship and trade practices of the roman empire. terra sigillata, which means \"sealed earth\" in latin, refers to a distinctive type of ceramic ware characterized by its glossy, reddish surface. this finish was achieved through the application of a fine red slip (a liquid mixture of clay and water) before firing, which created a smooth, polished appearance. these vessels were widely used across the roman empire from the late republic through the early empire (around 100 bce to 250 ce) and were popular for both practical and decorative purposes. \n \n the production of terra sigillata involved a sophisticated technique that combined high-quality clay with precise firing methods. the vessels were often molded, which allowed for intricate designs and decorations, including scenes from mythology, everyday life, and geometric patterns. the use of molds enabled mass production, making terra sigillata relatively accessible and popular among different social classes. these vessels were commonly used for dining and storage, and their refined appearance made them a symbol of roman elegance and sophistication. their widespread use is evidenced by their discovery in a variety of archaeological contexts, from domestic homes to military sites."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"196","title":{"es":"roman bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17569/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.659Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17569,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17570/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17570/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17570/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an eagle \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm x 4 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman eagle statuettes were highly symbolic and held great significance in both religious and military contexts of ancient rome. the eagle (aquila in latin) was closely associated with the roman god jupiter, the chief deity in the roman pantheon, who was often depicted with an eagle by his side. as such, eagle statuettes were used in temples and religious settings as representations of divine power and the might of jupiter, symbolizing strength, authority, and the sky. the connection with jupiter made the eagle a symbol of rome's dominance and protection, embodying both religious reverence and imperial might. \n \n in military contexts, the eagle held even greater significance. the roman army adopted the eagle as its standard, known as the aquila, for roman legions. each legion carried a large eagle standard into battle, and losing it to the enemy was considered a grave dishonor. the eagle embodied the spirit of the legion and symbolized the unity, strength, and loyalty of the roman soldiers. smaller eagle statuettes, made from bronze or other metals, were often produced to celebrate victories, honor military achievements, or serve as tokens of protection for soldiers. these statues were not only decorative but also functioned as potent symbols of roman martial identity. \n \n eagle statuettes were also used in funerary and memorial contexts, particularly for the deified emperors. upon the death of an emperor, the belief was that his soul would ascend to the heavens, and the eagle, as a messenger of jupiter, would carry him into the realm of the gods."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"197","title":{"es":"roman statuette of an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17570/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_silver","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.660Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17570,"dimensions":{"depth":1},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17571/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17571/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17571/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17571/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 29 mm x 101 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek bowls, known as kymbion or kylices in ancient greek, were versatile and commonly used vessels in everyday life, playing a significant role in both domestic and ceremonial contexts. these bowls varied in shape and size but generally featured a shallow, rounded body with a low foot or base. the design of greek bowls was functional, allowing for easy handling and serving of liquids such as wine, water, or soups. their form was optimized for practical use in dining settings, as well as in ritual practices where offerings or libations were made. \n \n the decoration of greek bowls often reflected the artistic styles and cultural values of the period. many bowls were adorned with intricate patterns or scenes from mythology, painted using techniques like black-figure or red-figure pottery. black-figure pottery involved painting figures in a slip that turned black during firing, while the background remained the natural red of the clay. red-figure pottery, which emerged later, featured red figures on a black background, allowing for more detailed and naturalistic depictions. the choice of decoration not only enhanced the aesthetic appeal of the bowls but also conveyed symbolic meanings and social status."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"198","title":{"es":"greek bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17571/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.662Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17571,"dimensions":{"depth":10.1},"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17572/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17572/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17572/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: foot of panther \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 10 mm x 11 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in roman art and culture, the panther held significant symbolic value, often associated with the god bacchus (dionysus in greek mythology), the deity of wine, revelry, and ecstasy. the panther was frequently depicted as part of bacchus\u2019s entourage, symbolizing the untamed and wild aspects of nature that were integral to his cult. panthers were seen as mystical and powerful creatures, embodying the allure of nature and the unpredictable, intoxicating effects of wine. in roman iconography, they often appear alongside bacchus in scenes of festive celebration, reflecting the blending of vitality, passion, and freedom. \n \n roman depictions of panthers can be found in a variety of artistic media, from mosaics and frescoes to sculpture and metalwork. in these representations, the panther is often shown in dynamic, graceful poses, emphasizing its beauty and agility. the animal\u2019s association with bacchus extended to its use in bacchic processions and festivals, where panther skins were worn or used as decoration, further highlighting the panther's role as a symbol of bacchic power and vitality. roman villas and public spaces were sometimes adorned with panther motifs, particularly in spaces meant for dining and entertainment, tying the creature to ideas of luxury and sensual pleasure. \n \n beyond its role in the bacchic cult, the panther in roman society also held broader connotations of power, exoticism, and imperial wealth. panthers, along with other exotic animals, were sometimes showcased in gladiatorial games and public spectacles, symbolizing the reach of the roman empire and its ability to bring the wildest parts of the world under control. these performances reinforced the image of the emperor and rome itself as rulers of both the civilized and natural worlds. thus, the panther in roman art and culture became a complex symbol, representing both the wild, untamed forces of nature and the luxury, power, and domination of the roman empire."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"199","title":{"es":"roman foot of panther"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17572/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.950Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17572,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17573/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17573/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17573/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17573/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17573/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17573/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bottle with animals and floral decoration \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman, north africa \n \n period: 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 170 mm x 85 mm \n \n condition: good condition, handle missing \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, cologne, dr. w., 1926 - 2007, collected between 1960 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman north african bottle is a type of ceramic vessel that was commonly produced and used in the roman provinces of north africa, particularly from the 2nd to 4th centuries ce. these bottles were typically made from terracotta, a durable and easily available material, and were used to store and transport liquids such as oil, wine, and water. the design of these bottles was often practical, featuring a globular or cylindrical body with a narrow neck and a small, rounded mouth, making it easier to pour and seal. many examples of these bottles have been found in archaeological sites across north africa, particularly in what is now modern tunisia, algeria, and libya. \n \n what sets the roman north african bottle apart from other roman ceramics is the distinctive decoration and finish. many bottles were plain, but some featured simple geometric patterns, incised lines, or molded designs on their bodies. in some cases, they were also glazed or covered with a slip to give them a smoother finish. these decorative elements were often subtle but added an artistic touch to an otherwise utilitarian object. the bottles reflect the blend of roman and indigenous berber traditions, showcasing a unique style that developed in the region under roman rule. the craftsmanship of these vessels also highlights the importance of north africa as a production hub for ceramics during the roman empire. \n \n the widespread use of these bottles speaks to the economic and cultural significance of north africa within the roman empire. north africa was a major supplier of olive oil, grain, and other agricultural products to the rest of the empire, and these bottles were essential for storing and transporting such goods. they were often exported across the mediterranean, found in regions as far away as italy, gaul, and the eastern provinces. the discovery of roman north african bottles in distant parts of the empire underscores the extensive trade networks that connected the provinces and the central roman economy, and illustrates the critical role that north africa played in the larger imperial system."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"200","title":{"es":"roman bottle with animals and floral decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17573/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:00.664Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17573,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17574/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17574/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17574/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: seleucid empire \n \n period: battle against the hasmoneans, 138 b.c \n \n dimensions: 38 mm x 14 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 08.99.16\u2013.17 \n \n mazis m., wright n.l., archers, antiochos vii sidetes, and the arrowheads, p. 207, fig. a to d \n \n \n t. ariel, d., archaeological evidence for the siege of jerusalem by antiochus vii sidetes, p. 241-242 \n  \n  \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n  \n  \n \n  antiochos vii sidetes, a king of the seleucid empire, ruled from 138 to 129 bce. he is often remembered for attempting to restore the waning power of the seleucid state, which had been severely weakened by internal strife and external threats. after ascending to the throne, antiochos vii set his sights on reclaiming territories lost to rival factions, including the judean kingdom led by the hasmonean dynasty. his campaign against the hasmoneans, a jewish ruling family that had established a semi-independent state, was part of his broader strategy to reassert seleucid dominance over the region. \n  \n  \n  \n  \n \n  the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans reached a peak during his siege of jerusalem in 134 bce. at this time, john hyrcanus, the hasmonean ruler, was consolidating his power in judea after the death of his father, simon maccabeus. despite their initial resistance, the hasmoneans were forced to negotiate with antiochos vii, who had superior military strength. the siege concluded with a compromise: the hasmoneans retained some level of autonomy, but they were required to pay tribute and acknowledge seleucid authority. this outcome demonstrated antiochos vii\u2019s pragmatic approach to dealing with rebellious territories. \n  \n  \n  \n  \n \n  however, antiochos vii's successes in judea were short-lived. he soon launched an ambitious campaign against the parthians, who posed a significant threat to the eastern borders of the seleucid empire. this campaign ended in disaster, as antiochos vii was killed in 129 bce. his death marked the effective end of seleucid influence in judea, allowing the hasmoneans to further consolidate their power and eventually gain full independence. the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans symbolizes the decline of the seleucid empire and the rise of the hasmonean dynasty in the region."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"201","title":{"es":"seleucid arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17574/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:53.951Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17574,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17575/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17575/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17575/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: wine pitcher \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age, canaanite \n \n period: 1850 - 1550 b.c \n \n dimensions: 240 mm x 113 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the canaanite culture, which thrived in the ancient near east from around 3000 bce to the early iron age, encompasses the diverse and sophisticated civilizations that inhabited the region known as canaan, roughly corresponding to modern-day israel, palestine, lebanon, and parts of syria and jordan. the canaanites were a semitic-speaking people who played a crucial role in the development of early urban societies in the levant. they established city-states, such as ugarit, byblos, sidon, and tyre, which became important centers of trade, religion, and political power. their cities were well-fortified, and many had extensive maritime connections, leading to interactions with neighboring cultures such as egypt, mesopotamia, and the aegean world. \n \n canaanite religion was polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods that included major deities like el, the supreme god, and baal, the storm god associated with fertility and agriculture. the goddess asherah, who was worshipped as a mother goddess, also held a prominent place in canaanite religious practice. the religious rituals of the canaanites often involved offerings and sacrifices at temples or high places (bamot), and their mythology, which shares similarities with other near eastern traditions, deeply influenced later cultures, including the israelites. artifacts such as figurines, altars, and inscriptions provide insights into their religious life, revealing a rich spiritual tradition that intertwined with their daily activities. \n \n canaanite culture is also notable for its advancements in trade and craftsmanship. the canaanites were skilled in producing pottery, metalwork, and textiles, and they are credited with developing the precursor to the phoenician alphabet, one of the earliest known writing systems that later influenced the greek and latin alphabets. their strategic location along major trade routes, including coastal cities, made them important intermediaries between ancient egypt, mesopotamia, and the mediterranean world. this extensive trade network not only facilitated the exchange of goods like cedarwood, purple dye, and wine but also led to the spread of ideas, religious beliefs, and technological innovations across the ancient world, helping to shape the development of later civilizations."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"202","title":{"es":"huge bronze age, canaanite wine pitcher"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17575/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.225Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17575,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17576/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17576/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17576/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 138 mm x 85 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, tregear collection, formed between 1985 - 2006 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs, or urceus in latin, were essential household items used for storing and pouring liquids such as water, wine, oil, and other beverages. these vessels were made from a variety of materials, including ceramic, bronze, and glass, depending on their intended use and the social status of their owners. roman jugs typically featured a rounded or globular body, a narrow neck for controlled pouring, and one or two handles for ease of use. their design was both practical and aesthetic, with certain jugs being more elaborately decorated for display or ceremonial purposes, while others were simple and functional for everyday tasks. \n \n the decorative aspects of roman jugs varied greatly. some ceramic jugs, particularly those intended for wealthier households or special occasions, were adorned with painted or incised motifs, such as mythological scenes, geometric patterns, or floral designs. bronze and glass jugs, often more expensive, were sometimes cast or blown with intricate shapes or handles modeled in the form of animals or mythological figures. these artistic embellishments highlighted the skill of roman artisans and also reflected the importance of such vessels in roman dining and social gatherings. a beautifully crafted jug could be a status symbol, representing both wealth and cultural refinement. \n \n roman jugs were also used in religious and funerary contexts. in roman religious rituals, jugs often played a key role in libations, where offerings of wine or oil were poured out to honor the gods or the dead. in funerary settings, jugs have been discovered in tombs and graves, where they were likely included as grave goods to accompany the deceased in the afterlife. archaeological finds of jugs in domestic, ceremonial, and burial contexts provide a comprehensive view of their multifaceted role in roman society. these artifacts offer valuable insights into roman craftsmanship, social customs, and religious practices, illustrating the central role that such everyday objects played in both ordinary life and spiritual activities."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"203","title":{"es":"roman jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17576/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.228Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17576,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17577/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17577/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17577/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: nubian head applique \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired between 1985 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman nubian people refer to the inhabitants of nubia, a region in northeastern africa located along the nile river, encompassing parts of modern-day southern egypt and northern sudan, during the time of roman rule. nubia was home to ancient civilizations like the kingdom of kush, which had a rich cultural history and maintained interactions with neighboring powers, including egypt and later the roman empire. by the time of roman occupation in egypt (beginning in 30 bce), the northern parts of nubia were under roman influence, though much of nubia, particularly the kushite kingdom to the south, retained its independence. \n \n the relationship between the romans and the nubians was marked by both conflict and cooperation. early in the roman occupation of egypt, there were military skirmishes with the kingdom of kush, notably during the reign of augustus in the late 1st century bce. however, after initial confrontations, including the nubians\u2019 brief invasion of southern egypt and the subsequent roman retaliatory campaigns, peace was established with a formal treaty. this treaty allowed for relatively peaceful relations between the romans and the kushites, and nubia became an important buffer zone between the roman empire and regions further south. trade flourished between rome and nubia, with goods such as gold, ivory, and exotic animals being exchanged along the nile trade routes. \n \n culturally, roman influence on nubia was visible, especially in the northern regions under roman control. roman architecture, pottery styles, and even elements of roman religious practices, such as the worship of egyptian and greco-roman deities, became integrated into local nubian culture. however, the nubians maintained many of their own traditions, including their language, artistic styles, and religious beliefs. notably, nubian rulers continued to be buried in the traditional kushite pyramids, and the region remained a distinct cultural entity despite roman presence. this blending of roman and nubian elements highlights the complexity of interactions between the two civilizations, with nubia retaining its cultural identity while absorbing certain aspects of roman influence."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"204","title":{"es":"roman nubian head applique"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17577/view","tags":["esinternational_african","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.230Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17577,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17578/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17578/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17578/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17578/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 37 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, cologne, dr. w., 1926 - 2007, collected between 1960 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"205","title":{"es":"roman flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17578/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.232Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17578,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17579/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17579/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17579/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a goat \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1975 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in roman society, goats were important animals both economically and symbolically, playing a significant role in agriculture, religion, and daily life. goats were highly valued for their versatility and hardiness, as they could thrive in various environments and provided essential resources such as milk, cheese, meat, and skins. goat milk was commonly used in the roman diet, and cheese made from goat\u2019s milk was a staple food, particularly for rural communities. the animal's hide was used for making leather, and its wool was sometimes utilized in clothing and textiles, making goats a vital part of the roman agrarian economy. \n \n beyond their practical uses, goats held symbolic significance in roman religion and mythology. they were associated with various gods and religious rituals. for example, goats were sacred to the god faunus, a rustic deity of the forests, fields, and shepherds, and to bacchus (dionysus), the god of wine and revelry. in bacchic processions and festivities, goats symbolized fertility, vitality, and the untamed aspects of nature. the image of a goat was often linked with bacchus\u2019 mythological followers, such as satyrs and fauns, reinforcing the animal's connection to wildness and celebration. goats were also sometimes offered as sacrifices during religious ceremonies, further emphasizing their role in roman spiritual practices. \n \n in roman art and iconography, goats frequently appear in depictions of rural life and mythology, highlighting their integral role in both the everyday and the divine. goats were often portrayed in pastoral scenes, reflecting the importance of livestock in roman agriculture and the idealized view of rural life. additionally, the presence of goats in artistic representations of deities like faunus and bacchus emphasizes their symbolic meaning within roman culture. overall, goats in roman life were multifaceted creatures, embodying practical value and deep symbolic resonance in religion, myth, and the arts."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"206","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a goat"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17579/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.234Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17579,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17580/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17580/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17580/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: iron age, neo-assyrian \n \n period: 9th - 7th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 170 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, hole and cracks but stable, see pictures \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, london, acquired in 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n neo-assyrian bronze vessels, which were produced between the 9th and 7th centuries bce, are important artifacts from the neo-assyrian empire, a dominant power in mesopotamia. these vessels, often made from bronze or copper alloys, were used for a variety of purposes, including ceremonial, domestic, and religious activities. they came in different shapes and sizes, such as bowls, cups, jugs, and basins, reflecting the assyrians' advanced metalworking skills and artistic sensibilities. the vessels were sometimes inlaid with silver, gold, or precious stones, showcasing the wealth and craftsmanship of the neo-assyrian elite. \n \n the designs of neo-assyrian bronze vessels often depicted intricate motifs and patterns, many of which were influenced by the empire\u2019s encounters with other cultures. typical designs included geometric patterns, animal figures like lions or bulls, and mythological themes such as winged deities or hybrid creatures. these motifs reflected the assyrians' beliefs, power, and worldview. the decoration often had symbolic meaning, associated with protection, fertility, and divinity, indicating that these vessels had both functional and spiritual significance. \n \n many of these bronze vessels have been uncovered through archaeological excavations at royal palaces, temples, and burial sites, highlighting their role in elite assyrian society. they served as prestige items, signifying status and authority, especially during lavish banquets and religious ceremonies."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"207","title":{"es":"iron age, neo-assyrian bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17580/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.235Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17580,"dimensions":{"depth":17},"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17581/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17581/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17581/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17581/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: vessel with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: indus valley \n \n period: 2nd millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 74 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from various auctions houses and collections before 2000, ex english private collection, cambridgeshire, thence by descent \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n indus valley pottery, originating from the ancient indus valley civilization (circa 3300\u20131300 bce), represents a significant aspect of the material culture of one of the world\u2019s earliest urban civilizations. the pottery from this region is known for its high quality and diverse forms, including both utilitarian and decorative vessels. common types of pottery include storage jars, cooking pots, and serving dishes, all of which were crafted using advanced techniques for their time. the pottery was typically wheel-thrown, allowing for uniform shapes and smooth surfaces, and was often finished with a slip, which is a liquid mixture of clay and water, to create a shiny, polished appearance. \n \n one of the most notable features of indus valley pottery is its distinctive decoration. many pots were adorned with intricate geometric patterns, such as grids, zigzags, and diamonds, often applied using a technique called \"stamping\" or \"incising, \" where designs were pressed into the surface of the wet clay. some pottery also features naturalistic motifs, such as animals or plants, providing insights into the flora and fauna of the region and reflecting the aesthetic preferences of the indus people. the use of red and black slip to create contrasting designs further enhanced the visual appeal of these artifacts, demonstrating a sophisticated approach to artistic expression. \n \n indus valley pottery also provides valuable information about the socio-economic aspects of the civilization. the variety of pottery types suggests a well-developed system of production and trade, with different forms serving specific functions in daily life. the discovery of pottery at various archaeological sites, including major urban centers like mohenjo-daro and harappa, indicates that these vessels were integral to both domestic activities and long-distance trade."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"208","title":{"es":"indus valley vessel with decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17581/view","tags":["esinternational_southasian","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.237Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17581,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17582/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17582/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17582/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17582/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: roman thumb-shaped pestle \n \n material: marble \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 72 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1975 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman thumb-shaped pestle, also known as a pistillum, was a common tool in roman kitchens and households, used primarily for grinding and crushing ingredients such as grains, spices, herbs, and medicines. this pestle, typically made from stone, metal, or ceramic, had a distinct thumb-like shape, with a rounded, bulbous end that allowed for effective grinding when paired with a mortar. its ergonomic design made it easy to hold and use, and it played a crucial role in preparing food and other substances, particularly in a time when many daily tasks involved manual preparation. \n \n in roman cuisine, the thumb-shaped pestle was essential for making staple dishes such as moretum (a type of herb and cheese spread), as well as for grinding spices used to flavor meals. its role was not limited to food preparation, however. in roman medical practices, pestles were also used to crush and mix ingredients for medicines and ointments. the preparation of remedies, many of which relied on ground plants and minerals, was a significant part of roman healthcare, and the pestle and mortar were key tools in this process. roman physicians, like galen, mentioned the use of pestles in their medical writings, underscoring their importance. \n \n archaeological evidence of thumb-shaped pestles has been found in various roman sites, including urban homes, rural villas, and military camps, indicating their widespread use across different social classes and settings. these tools, often discovered alongside mortars, highlight the practical and versatile nature of roman domestic life. in some cases, the pestles were elaborately decorated, reflecting not just their utilitarian function but also their value as everyday objects within roman households. the presence of these pestles in archaeological sites provides insights into the dietary habits, medicinal practices, and daily routines of the romans, illustrating the centrality of food and health in their culture."},"estimateMax":170,"lotNumber":"209","title":{"es":"roman thumb-shaped pestle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17582/view","directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.385Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac170","currency":"EUR","id":17582,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17583/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17583/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17583/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17583/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 24 mm x 130 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1975 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek pottery is one of the most significant forms of artistic expression from ancient greece, known for its beauty, craftsmanship, and the cultural insights it provides. pottery in ancient greece was not only functional but also highly decorative, often used for daily life, religious rituals, and burial offerings. greek potters produced a wide range of vessels, including amphorae for storing wine and oil, kraters for mixing wine and water, kylixes for drinking, and lekythoi for storing oils and perfumes. the form and function of each piece varied depending on its intended use, but all were carefully crafted and often featured exquisite painted designs. \n \n the two most famous decorative styles of greek pottery are the black-figure and red-figure techniques. black-figure pottery, which flourished between the 7th and 5th centuries bce, involved painting figures in black slip on the natural red clay surface of the pot. details were incised into the black figures, creating intricate and dynamic scenes. this style was eventually supplanted by red-figure pottery in the late 6th century bce, where the background was painted black, and the figures were left in the red of the clay. red-figure technique allowed for greater detail and more naturalistic depictions of human figures, making it popular among athenian potters. \n \n the decoration on greek pottery provides valuable insights into ancient greek life, mythology, and society. scenes depicted on vases often include images of gods, heroes, and mythical creatures, as well as everyday activities like athletic competitions, banquets, and domestic life. these images serve as important historical records, offering a glimpse into the values, religious beliefs, and social practices of ancient greeks. because pottery was durable and widespread, it has survived in large quantities, giving modern scholars a wealth of material to study the development of greek art, trade, and cultural exchange across the mediterranean."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"210","title":{"es":"greek bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17583/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:54:01.239Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17583,"dimensions":{"depth":13},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17584/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17584/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17584/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pilgrim flask \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 150mm x 108 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex ernst ulrich walter private collection, museum of orientalists, leutwitz (saxony). ex. museum für morgenlandfahrer, inv. sw2695 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman pilgrim flask, also known as a ampulla, was a small, portable container typically used by travelers and pilgrims during the roman empire to carry liquids, such as water, oil, or sacred substances collected from religious sites. these flasks were often made from pottery, glass, or metal, and featured a distinctive rounded or flattened shape with a narrow neck and two small handles attached to the sides for easy carrying or hanging. the portability and practicality of the pilgrim flask made it an essential item for those journeying to holy places, such as shrines or temples, to gather holy water or other sacred relics. \n \n pilgrim flasks played an important role in the spiritual practices of roman religion and, later, in early christian pilgrimage traditions. roman pilgrims visiting famous temples, healing sanctuaries like those of asclepius, or other religious centers often used these flasks to bring back blessed water or oils believed to have protective or healing properties. the transition to christianity during the late roman empire saw the continued use of these flasks, with pilgrims carrying oils, holy water, or soil from significant christian sites such as jerusalem, marking the flask as a symbol of piety and devotion. \n \n the design and decoration of roman pilgrim flasks varied, often reflecting the specific religious or cultural context of the pilgrim\u2019s journey. some were plain, functional vessels, while others featured intricate designs or inscriptions. early christian flasks, for example, might bear symbols like the cross, fish, or depictions of saints and biblical scenes. these objects not only served a practical purpose but also became cherished keepsakes, souvenirs of religious devotion, and expressions of faith. numerous examples of roman pilgrim flasks have been discovered in archaeological excavations, particularly in ancient religious sites, illustrating the widespread practice of pilgrimage in roman culture and its enduring legacy in early christian traditions."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"211","title":{"es":"roman pilgrim flask, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17584/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.033Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17584,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":400,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17585/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17585/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17585/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a lar \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 44 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman statuette of a lar represents one of the most common household deities in ancient roman religion. lares were protective spirits of the home and family, often associated with ancestors or local spirits of the land. typically, these statuettes were placed in a family\u2019s lararium, a small household shrine, and were central to daily rituals that invoked protection and prosperity. the figure of a lar is usually depicted as a youthful male wearing a short tunic, often holding a cornucopia or a drinking horn, symbolizing abundance and well-being. \n \n the worship of lares highlights the importance of household and domestic religion in roman life. while grand public rituals took place in temples, the veneration of lares was a personal, intimate practice carried out by individual families. the presence of these statuettes in roman homes reflects a deep belief in the divine influence on everyday life and the desire to maintain harmony and protection within the household. the rituals often involved offerings of food, wine, or incense, emphasizing the reciprocal relationship between the family and the protecting spirits. \n \n these statuettes also reveal insights into roman art and craftsmanship. usually made of bronze, but sometimes of terracotta or other materials, the statuettes are finely detailed despite their small size, showcasing the skill of roman artisans. the lar statuettes are not just religious artifacts but also representations of roman social values, emphasizing the importance of family, tradition, and continuity."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"212","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a lar"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17585/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":400,"soldPrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.036Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17585,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17586/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17586/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lamp filler \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine / islamic \n \n period: 7th - 10th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 13 mm x 48 mm x 85 mm x 108 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, arthur m. sackler (1937-1987) \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1896,1116.6. yale art museum, accession number 1929.580 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n lamp fillers from the byzantine-islamic period were small vessels designed to refill oil lamps, a crucial item for everyday life and religious rituals during this era. these vessels were typically made of ceramic or glass and featured a narrow spout and a handle, allowing for precise pouring without spilling. the compact design of the lamp filler made it easy to carry and use for refilling oil lamps, which were essential for providing light in homes, religious spaces, and public buildings. the use of oil lamps persisted across the byzantine and early islamic periods, and lamp fillers played an important role in maintaining the functionality of these lamps. \n \n during the byzantine period (330\u20131453 ce), lamp fillers were often simple in form but could also feature decorative elements, such as christian symbols, crosses, or floral motifs. with the advent of islamic rule in the 7th century ce, the artistic style and motifs of lamp fillers began to shift, incorporating islamic geometric designs and calligraphy. however, the basic function and form of the lamp filler remained largely consistent. the use of such vessels transcended cultural and religious boundaries, reflecting the shared daily needs and practices across byzantine and early islamic societies. \n \n lamp fillers from this period provide valuable insight into the material culture and domestic life of the time. they were not only functional objects but also artistic expressions, often produced by skilled artisans. archaeological finds of byzantine-islamic lamp fillers in regions such as the levant, egypt, and north africa highlight the blending of artistic traditions between the two cultures. these objects also underscore the continuity of daily life practices, such as lighting homes and sacred spaces, even as political and religious landscapes changed with the transition from byzantine to islamic rule."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"213","title":{"es":"byzantine / islamic lamp filler"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17586/view","directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.388Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17586,"dimensions":{"depth":8.5},"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17587/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17587/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17587/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17587/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17587/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 162 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, restored \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman plates, known in latin as discus or patella, were essential dining implements in ancient roman households and played a significant role in roman cuisine and table settings. these plates came in various shapes and sizes, typically round or slightly oval, and were made from a range of materials including ceramic, metal, glass, and occasionally wood. ceramic plates, often produced in the fine, glazed pottery styles of terra sigillata, were common for both everyday use and special occasions. metal plates, typically made of silver or bronze, were more luxurious and were often used in wealthier households, reflecting the owner\u2019s status and wealth. \n \n the design and decoration of roman plates varied significantly depending on their intended use and the social status of their owners. simple, unadorned ceramic plates were used for regular meals, while more elaborate designs with intricate motifs or patterns were reserved for festive occasions and feasts. the plates used at banquets or in the homes of the elite were sometimes engraved with detailed scenes from mythology, everyday life, or geometric patterns. these artistic details not only enhanced the dining experience but also served as a reflection of the host\u2019s taste and social standing. the variety in plate design illustrates the importance of dining rituals in roman culture and the value placed on both functionality and aesthetics. \n \n roman plates also provide insights into the social and cultural practices of the time. for example, the size and material of plates could indicate the social status of individuals and their level of wealth. archaeological discoveries of roman plates at various sites reveal patterns of trade and cultural exchange, as different styles and materials were sometimes imported from other parts of the empire. additionally, the study of inscriptions or decorations on these plates can offer clues about roman dining habits, religious practices, and the role of feasting in social and political life. overall, roman plates were more than just utilitarian objects; they were integral to the culinary and cultural practices of ancient rome, reflecting both everyday life and ceremonial occasions."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"214","title":{"es":"roman plate"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17587/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.037Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17587,"dimensions":{"depth":16.2},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17588/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17588/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17588/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: duck mount \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: iron age, celtic \n \n period: 2nd century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 10 mm x 17 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, suffolk, acquired in u.k art market in 2015, before from english private collection, kent. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the iron age celtic silver duck mount is a remarkable artifact that reflects the artistic and cultural sophistication of the celtic peoples during the late iron age (around 500 bce to the roman conquest). the celts, known for their intricate metalwork and symbolic art, often created decorative mounts and fittings for various objects, including weapons, chariots, and ceremonial items. the silver duck mount is an example of their skill in metalworking and their use of animal motifs, which were common in celtic art, symbolizing various spiritual and cultural beliefs. \n \n this silver duck mount likely served as a decorative piece, possibly attached to a ceremonial object such as a shield, helmet, or chariot. the duck itself holds symbolic significance in celtic culture, often associated with water, fertility, and the otherworld. waterfowl, like ducks, were believed to be creatures that could traverse both the earthly and spiritual realms, making them potent symbols of transition and connection between worlds. the use of silver, a precious metal, further indicates the mount's importance, suggesting it may have belonged to a person of high status, perhaps a chieftain or a warrior of significant rank. \n \n the craftsmanship of the celtic silver duck mount is notable for its detailed and stylized representation of the bird, reflecting the celts' deep appreciation for nature and their ability to infuse symbolic meaning into their art. the design likely incorporated the flowing, curvilinear patterns typical of la tène art, the dominant artistic style of the celts during the iron age. this style is characterized by its intricate patterns and abstract forms, often inspired by natural elements."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"215","title":{"es":"iron age, celtic duck mount"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17588/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_silver","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.039Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17588,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":40,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17589/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17589/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: nail cleaner pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman nail cleaner pendant, known as a clavis or unguentarium, was a small, practical accessory often worn around the neck or attached to a chain. these pendants served a dual purpose: as both a personal grooming tool and a decorative piece of jewelry. typically made from metal, such as bronze or silver, the nail cleaner pendant featured a slender, pointed end designed for cleaning and maintaining nails. this practical aspect was particularly important in roman society, where personal hygiene was valued and grooming tools were considered essential for daily care. \n \n the design of roman nail cleaner pendants varied, but they often included ornate decorations that reflected the owner's social status and taste. some pendants were intricately engraved with motifs, symbols, or inscriptions, while others featured decorative elements like gemstones or enamel work. the aesthetic appeal of these pendants, combined with their functionality, made them popular among both men and women in the roman elite. the ability to carry a grooming tool as a stylish accessory underscored the roman emphasis on personal appearance and the blending of utility with luxury."},"estimateMax":80,"lotNumber":"216","title":{"es":"roman nail cleaner pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17589/view","tags":["esfashion_vanityitems","esfashion_all","esfashion"],"directSalePrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.355Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac80","currency":"EUR","id":17589,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17590/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17590/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: stylus \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 142 mm x 9 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman stylus was a versatile writing instrument used primarily for inscribing on wax tablets, which were a common medium for recording information in ancient rome. the stylus typically had a pointed end for writing and a flat, broad end for erasing or smoothing the wax surface. made from materials such as metal (bronze or iron), ivory, bone, or wood, the stylus was an essential tool in both educational and administrative contexts. wax tablets were reusable; the surface could be smoothed out and rewritten over, making the stylus a practical choice for note-taking and document drafting. \n \n roman styluses varied in design, reflecting both functional and aesthetic considerations. the pointed end of the stylus was used to inscribe text or draw on the wax tablet, while the flat end was employed to smooth out the wax for reuse or to correct mistakes. more elaborate styluses, especially those used by wealthy individuals, might be ornately decorated with inscriptions, inlays, or artistic designs. the decoration not only enhanced the appearance of the stylus but also signaled the owner's status and personal taste. inscriptions on styluses could sometimes include the owner's name or professional title, adding a personalized touch to these everyday tools. \n \n the use of styluses and wax tablets highlights the roman approach to writing and record-keeping, which was both practical and adaptable. these writing tools were integral to various aspects of roman life, from administrative work and legal documentation to educational exercises and personal correspondence. the durability and practicality of the stylus made it a favored instrument across the roman empire, and archaeological finds of styluses in different regions reveal their widespread use and the continuity of roman literacy practices. the study of roman styluses provides valuable insights into the daily functions of roman society and the tools that facilitated its extensive administrative and cultural activities."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"217","title":{"es":"roman stylus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17590/view","tags":["escollectibles_writinginstrumentsdeskaccessories","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":45,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.042Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":17590,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17591/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17591/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17591/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type waage 60a \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: islamic \n \n period: 7th - 8th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 90 mm x 107 mm \n \n condition: good condition, handle repaired \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n islamic oil lamps from the 7th and 8th centuries are notable for their functionality as well as their artistic and cultural significance during the early islamic period. these lamps were typically made from materials such as ceramic, bronze, or glass and were used to provide light in both domestic and public spaces. the design of early islamic oil lamps often featured a simple, functional shape with a bowl-like reservoir for oil and a spout or nozzle from which the light would emerge. the spout was usually fitted with a wick made from materials like flax or cotton. \n \n the 7th and 8th centuries mark the period of early islamic art and craftsmanship, which began to develop distinctive styles influenced by a blend of pre-islamic traditions and emerging islamic aesthetic principles. early islamic oil lamps from this era often exhibit geometric patterns, arabesques, and calligraphic inscriptions, reflecting the islamic emphasis on aniconism and abstract decoration. while these lamps were functional objects, they were also carefully crafted to serve as beautiful and symbolically rich items. the use of geometric patterns and intricate designs on these lamps was both an expression of artistic skill and a reflection of the broader islamic cultural context, where art often avoided figural representation. \n \n the production of islamic oil lamps during the 7th and 8th centuries was closely tied to the burgeoning trade networks and the flourishing of islamic urban centers. the widespread use of these lamps across various regions of the islamic world, from spain to persia, underscores their significance in daily life and the cultural exchanges facilitated by trade. archaeological finds of these lamps provide valuable insights into the material culture of the early islamic period, revealing the importance of lighting technology in domestic life and the ways in which artistic practices were integrated into everyday objects. the study of these oil lamps highlights both the practical innovations and the aesthetic developments of the time, offering a window into the early islamic era\u2019s domestic and artistic practices."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"218","title":{"es":"islamic oil lamp, type waage 60a"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17591/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.044Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17591,"dimensions":{"depth":10.7},"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":60,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17592/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17592/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17592/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: weight loom with mark depicting a head \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 67 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1960 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek weight loom, or lomentum, was an essential tool in ancient textile production, particularly during the classical and hellenistic periods. this device was used to create woven fabrics and was integral to the textile industry in ancient greece. the weight loom consisted of a series of weights and cords that were used to maintain tension on the warp threads while the weaver worked on the weft. this system allowed for the production of various types of textiles, from simple garments to intricate patterned fabrics, demonstrating the sophistication and skill of ancient greek weavers. \n \n loom weights from this period often bear distinct markings or inscriptions, which can provide valuable insights into the social and economic aspects of textile production. these marks might include symbols, initials, or even small inscriptions that could indicate the ownership of the weights or their place of origin. in some cases, the weights were stamped with the names of manufacturers or patrons, serving both practical and administrative purposes. such inscriptions can help historians and archaeologists trace the trade and distribution of textiles and loom weights across different regions of ancient greece. \n \n the use of marked loom weights also reflects the broader context of textile production in greek society. weaving was an important economic activity, often carried out in domestic settings or by specialized artisans. the marked weights indicate a level of standardization and organization in the textile industry, suggesting that loom weights were not just functional tools but also components of a regulated trade system. archaeological finds of these weights, along with other weaving tools and remains of textile workshops, offer insights into the technical aspects of weaving, as well as the economic and social organization surrounding textile production in ancient greece."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"219","title":{"es":"greek weight loom with mark depicting a head"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17592/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":60,"soldPrice":65,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:58.045Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":17592,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17593/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17593/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17593/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17593/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17593/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting archer \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 24 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice.  greek bronze rings were common personal adornments worn by individuals of various social classes throughout ancient greece. these rings were typically crafted from bronze, a durable alloy composed primarily of copper and tin, and were often adorned with decorative motifs, engraved patterns, or inset gemstones. greek bronze rings served both practical and symbolic purposes, functioning as symbols of status, identity, and personal taste.  bronze rings in ancient greece came in a variety of styles and designs, reflecting the diverse artistic traditions and cultural influences of different regions and time periods. some rings featured simple bands or hoops, while others were more elaborate, incorporating intricate filigree work, geometric patterns, or mythological symbols. rings were worn on different fingers, with the left hand typically reserved for marriage and engagement rings, while the right hand was adorned with rings for personal adornment or as symbols of social status.  bronze rings were important artifacts in ancient greek society, offering valuable insights into the material culture, craftsmanship, and social customs of the time. they were often exchanged as gifts or tokens of affection between friends, family members, or lovers, serving as tangible expressions of sentiment and connection. additionally, bronze rings were sometimes buried with the deceased as grave goods, reflecting beliefs about the afterlife and the continuity of personal identity beyond death."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"220","title":{"es":"greek ring depicting archer"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17593/view","directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.392Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17593,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17594/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17594/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17594/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: box amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 29 mm x 17 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: purchased from a private collector in the czech republic in 2019 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman box amulet, often referred to as a bulla or cylindrical pendant, was a small, ornamental object commonly worn as a protective charm or talisman. typically made from materials such as gold, silver, or bronze, these amulets were designed to be worn around the neck or attached to a bracelet. the box amulet often had a small, hollow compartment that could hold various protective substances or inscriptions believed to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune to the wearer. this compartmental design made the box amulet a practical and personal accessory, blending both form and function. \n \n the box amulet\u2019s decoration and inscriptions were deeply significant in roman culture. they frequently featured engraved symbols, mythological figures, or religious texts that were thought to confer protection or invoke divine favor. for example, common motifs included images of deities like mercury or hercules, magical symbols, and phrases invoking protection or blessings. the customization of these amulets, with personalized inscriptions or designs, highlights the individual\u2019s or family\u2019s specific religious and protective needs, reflecting the broader roman belief in the power of magic and divine intervention in everyday life. \n \n the use of box amulets also reveals the role of personal and domestic rituals in roman society. these amulets were not only worn by adults but were also commonly given to children as part of their upbringing, underscoring their importance in both daily life and familial traditions. archaeological discoveries of box amulets in roman cemeteries and homes illustrate their widespread use and the cultural significance of personal protection. these artifacts provide valuable insights into roman attitudes toward magic, religion, and personal safety, reflecting the complex interplay between daily practices and spiritual beliefs in the roman world."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"221","title":{"es":"roman box amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17594/view","directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.393Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17594,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17595/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17595/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: medical instrument, spoon probe (cyathiscomele) \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 145 mm x 16 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bronze medical instruments, meticulously fashioned with skill and care, epitomize the sophistication of ancient healthcare. these robust implements, encompassing scalpels, forceps, and probes, manifest the romans\u2019 dedication to surgical precision and patient well-being. these tools played pivotal roles in an array of medical procedures, from intricate surgeries to wound management, underscoring the romans\u2019 unwavering commitment to the practice and science of healing. in contemporary times, these relics remain enduring symbols of the enduring influence of roman medicine and surgical prowess. \n \n this is similar to the spatula probe, but has a narrow leaf shaped spoon in place of the spatula. they also have the same olivary end as spatula probes. for pharmaceutical purposes the spoon was used to remove medicines from their flasks, explaining the many different sizes of the spoon and handle. it might have been used to mix ointments as well. for surgery milne suggests it might have been used as a curette (1907: 62). there is also the possibility that it was applied in lithotomy operations to help remove stones from the urethra (jackson 1994b: 181; milne 1907: 62)."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"222","title":{"es":"roman medical instrument, spoon probe (cyathiscomele)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17595/view","tags":["escollectibles_scientificinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:55.356Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17595,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17596/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17596/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17596/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: reliquary cross (encolpion) decorated with inscription \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 47 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the byzantine pendant encolpion, also known as an enkolpion or encolpion, was a type of religious pendant worn by members of the byzantine clergy and devout christians. these pendants typically took the form of small metal containers, often made of gold, silver, or bronze, and were worn suspended from a chain around the neck. the encolpion served as a portable reliquary or shrine, containing sacred relics, such as bone fragments of saints, pieces of the true cross, or holy oil, believed to possess healing or protective powers. \n \n byzantine pendant encolpia were intricately crafted and often adorned with elaborate designs, including religious symbols, scenes from the life of christ or the saints, and inscriptions in greek or latin. they were considered objects of veneration and devotion, serving as tangible reminders of the wearer's faith and piety. the encolpion played a significant role in byzantine religious rituals and practices, serving as a focal point for prayer, meditation, and spiritual contemplation. \n \n the use of byzantine pendant encolpia reflects the byzantine empire's rich tradition of religious art and devotion. these pendants served as personal talismans and symbols of divine protection, worn by individuals seeking spiritual guidance, healing, or divine favor."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"223","title":{"es":"byzantine reliquary cross (encolpion) decorated with inscription"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17596/view","directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.393Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17596,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":40,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17597/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17597/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17597/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a bull (fragment) \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 37 mm x 17 mm x 40 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman statuette of a bull is a notable artifact that reflects both the artistic craftsmanship and the symbolic significance of bulls in roman culture. typically made from materials such as bronze, marble, or terracotta, these statuettes often depicted bulls in a stylized or realistic manner. the bull was a powerful symbol in roman society, representing strength, fertility, and vitality. in art and religious contexts, the bull was associated with various deities and rituals, reflecting its importance in both daily life and spiritual practices. \n \n in roman religion, bulls were frequently linked to agricultural fertility and sacrificial rites. the bull was a common sacrificial animal, used in rituals to honor gods such as jupiter, the king of the gods, and other deities associated with agriculture and prosperity. the bull's role in these ceremonies underscores its significance as a symbol of divine favor and bountiful harvests. roman statuettes of bulls, therefore, were not merely decorative but also held religious and symbolic value, often intended to invoke blessings or protection. \n \n artistically, roman bull statuettes showcase the skill of roman craftsmen and the aesthetic preferences of the time. while some statuettes were created with highly detailed and realistic features, others were more abstract or stylized, emphasizing certain symbolic attributes rather than accurate depictions. the presence of bull statuettes in various roman archaeological sites, including domestic, religious, and funerary contexts, highlights the widespread and diverse use of such symbols in roman life. these artifacts provide insights into roman religious practices, social values, and artistic traditions, illustrating the multifaceted role of the bull in ancient roman culture."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"224","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a bull (fragment)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17597/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:56.763Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":17597,"dimensions":{"depth":4},"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17598/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17598/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17598/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17598/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting an animal \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 16 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were not only popular personal adornments but also carried significant social, cultural, and symbolic meanings throughout ancient rome. these rings came in various styles and materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and precious stones. they were worn by both men and women and often served as markers of social status, wealth, and personal identity. the design and craftsmanship of roman rings varied widely, from simple bands to elaborate settings with intricate carvings and inlays. \n \n one of the most notable types of roman rings was the signet ring, which featured an engraved gem or metal surface used for stamping seals on wax. these rings were particularly significant in administrative and legal contexts, as they bore the owner\u2019s personal seal, which could authenticate documents and secure agreements. the use of signet rings was common among roman elites and officials, and the designs often included family crests, images of deities, or personal emblems. the craftsmanship of signet rings reflects the importance of personal identity and status in roman society, as well as the technical skill of roman jewelers. \n \n roman rings also played a role in personal and religious symbolism. many rings featured motifs or inscriptions that carried protective or auspicious meanings, such as symbols associated with deities, luck, or health. the use of gemstones, like garnets and amethysts, was believed to have particular powers or properties, enhancing the ring's significance beyond mere decoration. additionally, rings were often used as gifts or tokens of affection, marking important social and familial connections. the variety of roman rings and their contexts\u2014ranging from private to public, religious to secular\u2014provide valuable insights into roman social practices, beliefs, and artistic achievements."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"225","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting an animal"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17598/view","directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.395Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17598,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17599/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17599/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17599/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17599/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cross pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 7th - 10th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 20 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n byzantine cross pendants are iconic symbols of the byzantine empire's religious and cultural identity. these pendants, often crafted from materials such as gold, silver, or bronze, were worn as personal adornments and religious symbols by byzantine christians. the design of byzantine cross pendants typically featured a distinctive form known as the byzantine cross, characterized by equal-length arms that intersect at the center, with a smaller crossbar above the intersection. this design is rich in symbolism, representing the intersection of heaven and earth, as well as the unity of the holy trinity. \n \n byzantine cross pendants were not only decorative but also served as expressions of faith and devotion. they were worn by byzantine christians as a means of displaying their religious beliefs and affiliations, serving as constant reminders of their commitment to christianity and their allegiance to the byzantine emperor as the defender of the faith. byzantine cross pendants were often adorned with religious imagery, such as depictions of christ, the virgin mary, saints, or angels, further emphasizing their spiritual significance. \n \n the craftsmanship of byzantine cross pendants was highly sophisticated, with artisans employing techniques such as filigree, enameling, and gemstone setting to create intricate designs and decorative motifs. these pendants were sometimes inscribed with prayers, blessings, or religious invocations, adding to their sacred aura and protective qualities."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"226","title":{"es":"byzantine cross pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17599/view","directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:24:39.397Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17599,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17600/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17600/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17600/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17600/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 16 mm x 43 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, oxfordshire, acquired from alan cherry of bournemouth between 2003 - 2005 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets, known as fascina (plural of fascinum), were widespread symbols of protection, particularly against the evil eye, in roman culture. these small, often intricately carved amulets typically depicted the male genitalia and were considered potent talismans for warding off negative influences and harmful magic. the romans believed that the image of the phallus had the power to avert misfortune and bring good luck, due to its association with fertility, strength, and vitality. phallic amulets could be made from materials such as bronze, bone, or terracotta, and were worn as jewelry or placed in homes, businesses, and even public spaces like crossroads and gates to ensure protective benefits. \n \n these amulets were not limited to personal adornment but were also incorporated into broader social and religious contexts. in roman households, phallic symbols could be found on doorways or incorporated into the decor to protect the home from malevolent spirits. additionally, children, who were considered particularly vulnerable to harm, were often given phallic amulets to wear around their necks or as part of their clothing to shield them from danger. the presence of these symbols in everyday life reflects the deeply ingrained superstitious beliefs in ancient roman society, where the need for protection was a constant concern. \n \n beyond their apotropaic (warding-off) function, phallic amulets also reflected roman attitudes toward sexuality and masculinity. the open display of the phallus was not considered vulgar but rather a symbol of life, virility, and generative power. this frankness about sexual symbols stood in contrast to later cultural norms and reveals the roman perspective on sexuality as a natural and essential force."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"227","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17600/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2024-09-29T17:11:45.783Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17600,"dimensions":{"depth":4.3},"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":30,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17601/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17601/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17601/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 30 mm x 80 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. from old european collection, acquired in múnich in the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in ancient roman society, used for securing doors, chests, and other locked items, reflecting both practical utility and social status. typically made from materials like bronze or iron, roman keys were often small and intricately designed to fit into complex locks, which were a common feature in roman homes, shops, and public buildings. the locks they operated were generally made of wood or metal and could be quite sophisticated, incorporating pin-and-tumbler mechanisms similar to modern locks. keys were often carried on a person, and their design sometimes included a ring-shaped handle, allowing them to double as finger rings, a practical solution that made them easy to carry and also a display of wealth or status. \n \n keys held symbolic value in roman society as well. for wealthy romans, owning and using keys was a marker of personal security and control over valuable goods, such as money, jewelry, and important documents. the presence of keys signified that someone had possessions worth safeguarding, and they could also represent authority and independence, particularly for roman women. a key ring given to a bride on her wedding day, for example, symbolized her new role as the manager of the household and its resources. keys thus became more than functional objects\u2014they were symbols of trust and responsibility in both personal and public life. \n \n in addition to their daily use in homes and businesses, roman keys have been found in tombs and burial sites, signifying their importance even in death. keys placed in graves could represent the deceased's continued guardianship over their possessions or symbolize their journey to the afterlife, unlocking the gates of the underworld. the craftsmanship and materials used in roman keys provide insight into the technological advancements of the time, as well as the social and economic conditions in which they were created. these small but significant objects tell us much about roman security practices, social norms, and the values attached to ownership and authority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"228","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17601/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":30,"soldPrice":35,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:15:56.106Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17601,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17602/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17602/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17602/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: lucius verus \n \n date: 161 - 169 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 22,10 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes l avrel vervs avg, laureate head right \n \n reverse: concord avgvstor tr p ii, marcus aurelius standing facing, head to left and holding scroll, clasping hands with lucius verus; s-c across fields, cos ii in exergue. \n \n references: ric 1284; c. 161; bmc 1023. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":170,"lotNumber":"229","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, lucius verus, 161 - 169 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17602/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:56.765Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac170","currency":"EUR","id":17602,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17603/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17603/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17603/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: titus \n \n date: 79 - 81 a.d \n \n denomination: dupondius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 28,60 mm, 13,03 gr \n \n obverse: t\u2022caesar\u2022imp\u2022pont, laureate head right \n \n reverse: tr\u2022pot\u2022cos iii\u2022censor, winged caduceus between crossed cornuacopiae \n \n references: cohen 326, rpc 1991 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"230","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, titus, 79 - 81 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17603/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:56.767Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":17603,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17604/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17604/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17604/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: vespasian \n \n date: 69 - 79 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 19 mm, 2,74 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes vesp avg pm cos iiii cen, laureate head right \n \n reverse: fides pvbl, clasped hands holding caduceus, poppies and corn-ears. \n \n references: ric [1962] 55, rsc 164, bmc 86 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"231","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, vespasian, 69 - 79 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17604/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.104Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":17604,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17605/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17605/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17605/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: philip i \n \n date: 244 - 249 a.d \n \n denomination: tetradrachm \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 26,5 mm, 12,31 gr \n \n obverse: radiate, draped and cuirassed bust r. \n \n reverse: eagle standing facing on palm branch, head and tail l., with wings spread, holding wreath in beak; in exergue, sc. \n \n references: prieur 319 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"232","title":{"es":"roman, tetradrachm, philip i, 244 - 249 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17605/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.106Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":17605,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17606/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17606/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17606/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: philip i \n \n date: 244 - 249 a.d \n \n denomination: tetradrachm \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 27 mm, 11,23 gr \n \n obverse: radiate and cuirassed bust l. \n \n reverse: eagle standing r., with wings spread, holding wreath in beak; in exergue, antioxia sc. \n \n references: prieur 434. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"233","title":{"es":"roman, tetradrachm, philip i, 244 - 249 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17606/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.112Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":17606,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17607/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17607/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17607/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: crispina, wife of commodus \n \n date: 178 - 182 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 22,76 gr \n \n obverse: crispina avgvsta, draped bust right \n \n reverse: concordia s-c, concord seated left with patera and cornucopiae. \n \n references: ric 665, cohen 6, bmc 406,409 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"234","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, crispina, wife of commodus, 178 - 182 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17607/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.114Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17607,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17608/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17608/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17608/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: commodus \n \n date: 180 - 192 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 28 mm, 23,89 gr \n \n obverse: m commodvs anton avg pivs brit, laureate head right \n \n reverse: p m tr p x imp vii cos iiii p p s-c, vic brit in ex, victory seated right on pile of arms, shields below, inscribing shield on her knee. \n \n references: ric 451 bmc 559, cohen 946 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"235","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, commodus, 180 - 192 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17608/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.116Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":17608,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17609/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17609/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17609/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: antoninus pius \n \n date: 148 - 149 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 16 mm, 3,4 gr \n \n obverse: antoninvs avg pivs pp tr p xii, laureate head right \n \n reverse: cos iiii, felicitas standing left, holding caduceus & cornucopia. \n \n references: ric 178, rsc 252, bmc 664 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"236","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, antoninus pius, 148 - 149 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17609/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.118Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17609,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17610/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17610/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17610/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marcus aurelius \n \n date: 139 - 180 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 16 mm, 3,16 gr \n \n obverse: m antoninvs avg - bare head right. \n \n reverse: prov deor tr p xvi cos iii - providentia standing left, holding globe and cornucopia. \n \n references: ric iii, 48, page 217 - cohen 517 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"237","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marcus aurelius, 139 - 180 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17610/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.120Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17610,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17611/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17611/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17611/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina ii \n \n date: 147 - 175 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 30 mm, 21,18 gr \n \n obverse: favstina avg pii avg fil. bar- headed and draped bust right with hair waved and coiled on back of head. \n \n reverse: s c diana standing left, holding arrow in right hand, and resting left on bow. \n \n references: cohen 206 srcv 4717 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"238","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, faustina ii, 147 - 175 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17611/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.124Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":17611,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17612/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17612/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17612/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: commodus \n \n date: 180 - 192 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 24,16 gr \n \n obverse: imp l avrel commodvs avg germ sarm, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: tr p ii cos p p s-c, pile of captured arms, de germanis below. \n \n references: cohen 79; ric iii 1570 (aurelius) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"239","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, commodus, 180 - 192 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17612/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.127Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac130 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17612,"estimateMin":130},{"startPrice":60,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17613/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17613/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17613/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: antoninus pius \n \n date: 152 - 153 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 16 mm, 3,20 gr \n \n obverse: antoninvs avg pivs p p tr p xvi, laureate head right \n \n reverse: cos iiii, fortuna standing right, holding rudder on globe and cornucopiae. \n \n references: ric iii 222 rsc 270 sear 4073. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"240","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, antoninus pius, 152 - 153 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17613/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":60,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:46.129Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":17613,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17614/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17614/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17614/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: antoninus pius \n \n date: 158 - 159 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 17 mm, 3,18 gr \n \n obverse: antoninvs avg pivs p p tr p xxii, laureate head right \n \n reverse: vota sol dec ii, cos iiii below, antoninus standing left, holding scroll & patera over tripod altar in sacrifice, a bull left of altar. \n \n references: ric 292a, rsc 1111a, bmc 949 rsc 111. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"241","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, antoninus pius, 158 - 159 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17614/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.310Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17614,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":60,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17615/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17615/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17615/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marcus aurelius \n \n date: 139 - 180 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 18 mm, 3,04 gr \n \n obverse: m antoninvs avg tr p xxiii, laureate head right \n \n reverse: vict avg cos iii, victory walking left, holding wreath and trophy. \n \n references: ric 225 rsc 979 sears 4953 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"242","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marcus aurelius, 139 - 180 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17615/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":60,"soldPrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.312Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17615,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17616/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17616/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17616/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: commodus \n \n date: 180 - 192 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 18 mm, 3,30 gr \n \n obverse: comm ant avg p brit, laureate head right \n \n reverse: p m tr p x imp vii cos iiii, jupiter seated left holding thunderbolt & sceptre. \n \n references: ric 101, rsc 472a, bmc 151. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"243","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, commodus, 180 - 192 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17616/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.314Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":17616,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17617/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17617/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17617/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: julia domna \n \n date: 198 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 28 mm, 23,82 gr \n \n obverse: ivlia avgvsta draped bust right, hair in bun behind. \n \n reverse: mater devm, cybele seated left, between two lions, holding branch and resting arm on drum. \n \n references: ric 859, cohen 124, bmc 772 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"244","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, julia domna, 198 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17617/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.316Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":17617,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":80,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17618/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17618/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17618/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina ii \n \n date: 175 - 180 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 31 mm, 28,36 gr \n \n obverse: favstina avgvsta draped bust right. \n \n reverse: ivnoni reginae / s - c iuno standing left, holding patera and sceptre; at her feet, peacock. \n \n references: cys63. c142. ric1651 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"245","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, faustina ii, 175 - 180 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17618/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":80,"soldPrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.318Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":17618,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":95,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17619/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17619/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17619/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: gordian iii \n \n date: 240 - 244 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 32 mm, 18,68 gr \n \n obverse: imp gordianvs pivs fel avg, laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right, seen from behind \n \n reverse: aeternitati avg, sol standing left, raising hand and holding globe; s-c across fields. \n \n references: ric 297a; banti 20. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"246","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, gordian iii, 240 - 244 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17619/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.320Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac130 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17619,"estimateMin":130},{"startPrice":95,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17620/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17620/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17620/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marcus aurelius \n \n date: 159 - 160 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 26 mm, 16,88 gr \n \n obverse: avrelivs caesar avg pii f, draped and cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: tr pot xiiii cos ii, mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy; s-c across fields. \n \n references: ric 1354b. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"247","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, marcus aurelius, 159 - 160 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17620/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.322Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":17620,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":20,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17621/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17621/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17621/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: philip i \n \n date: 244 - 249 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 27 mm, 14,06 gr \n \n obverse: imp ivl philippvs avg laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: miliarvm saecvlvm, cippus inscribid cos iii s-c across fields \n \n references: ric iv 157a cohen 95 vf \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"248","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, philip i, 244 - 249 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17621/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.325Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":17621,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17622/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17622/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17622/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: julia mamaea, mother of severus alexander \n \n date: 222 - 235 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 18,74 gr \n \n obverse: ivlia mamaea avgvsta, her diademed and draped bust right \n \n reverse: fecvnditas avgvstae, fecunditas standing it, extending her right hand to a child standing before her and holding a cornucopiae, s-c in lowe fields \n \n references: ric 668 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"249","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, julia mamaea, 222 - 235 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17622/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.327Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":17622,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17623/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17623/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17623/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina i \n \n date: after 141 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 30 mm, 27,78 gr \n \n obverse: diva favstina, draped bust right \n \n reverse: aeternitas s-c, aeternitas seated left holding phoenix & scepter. \n \n references: ric 1103a, cohen 15, bmc 1482 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"250","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, faustina i, after 141 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17623/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:47.329Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":17623,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17624/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17624/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17624/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2024-09-29","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: antoninus pius \n \n date: 138 - 161 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 24,72 gr \n \n obverse: antoninvs avg pivs pp tr p cos iiii laureate head right \n \n reverse: s-c across fields mars, naked, advancing right, holding trophy&spear \n \n references: ric 778 cohen 751 bmc 1705 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"251","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, antoninus pius, 138 - 161 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/50082/lot/17624/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"soldPrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:53:50.036Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":17624,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17625/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17625/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17625/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina ii \n \n date: 161 - 180 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: 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