{"lots":[{"startPrice":340,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17855/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17855/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: urn \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: etruria \n \n period: 6th - 5th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 100 mm x 100 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these urns were primarily used to store the cremated remains of the deceased and varied in design based on region and time period. early examples, especially from the villanovan culture (9th\u20138th centuries bce), were often simple biconical vessels with lids resembling helmets, reflecting a warrior ethos. over time, more elaborate urns appeared, particularly in etruscan cities like chiusi and volterra, where sculpted lids depicted reclining figures, a practice that anticipated later sarcophagi traditions. \n \n by the 4th and 3rd centuries bce, etruscan urns had evolved into highly decorative and individualized objects. many featured relief carvings illustrating mythological narratives, battles, or scenes from the afterlife, often influenced by greek artistic styles. the lids, which frequently portrayed the deceased in a relaxed pose, emphasized the etruscan belief in an afterlife similar to earthly existence. these urns, made from materials such as terracotta, alabaster, and travertine, showcase the exceptional craftsmanship of etruscan artisans, particularly in volterra, where mass production of alabaster urns became common. \n \n etruscan funerary urns also serve as important historical records, shedding light on social status, family lineage, and religious beliefs. inscriptions found on many urns provide names and genealogical information, helping scholars reconstruct etruscan language and society. the influence of etruscan urns can even be seen in later roman funerary practices, as the romans absorbed and adapted many etruscan artistic and ritualistic traditions."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"1","title":{"es":"etruscan urn, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17855/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.069Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17855,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":340,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17856/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17856/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17856/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17856/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17856/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age, cypriot \n \n period: 1450 - 1050 b.c \n \n dimensions: 230 mm x 132 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n parallel: amiran, r., ancient pottery of the holy land, p. 177, plate 54, fig. 13 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n cypriot pottery from the bronze age is an important area of study for archaeologists and historians interested in the history of cyprus and cultural interactions in the eastern mediterranean during that period. cypriot pottery from the bronze age, spanning approximately from 2300 to 1050 bce, is characterized by its diversity of forms and decorative styles. \n \n one of the most notable types of cypriot pottery from the bronze age is the \u201cbilbil, \u201d a jar with a spherical body and a long, narrow neck. these jars had a variety of uses, including storage and transportation of liquids. cypriot bronze age pottery often features a range of decorative designs, including geometric patterns, stylized animals, and floral motifs. these designs can provide insights into the aesthetics and iconography of the time, as well as the cultural influences that impacted pottery production in cyprus. \n \n furthermore, cypriot bronze age pottery has been found at archaeological sites throughout the island as well as in other locations in the eastern mediterranean. this suggests active participation by cyprus in the trade networks of the era and its influence in cultural diffusion within the region."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"2","title":{"es":"bronze age, cypriot flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17856/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.071Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17856,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17857/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17857/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17857/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17857/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of harpocrates \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 2nd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 58 mm x 32 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex private collection, abraham l., jerusalem \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n harpocrates is the hellenized version of the egyptian god horus as a child, associated with secrecy, silence, and protection. his origins lie in the mythology of horus, the son of isis and osiris, who was often depicted as an infant sucking his finger. this gesture was later misinterpreted by the greeks as a symbol of silence rather than a common portrayal of children. as a result, harpocrates became the god of confidentiality and discretion, embodying the idea of keeping sacred knowledge hidden from the uninitiated. \n \n during the hellenistic and roman periods, harpocrates was widely venerated, often depicted as a youthful figure with a sidelock of hair (a symbol of childhood in egyptian art) and sometimes holding a cornucopia, linking him to abundance and prosperity. he was frequently associated with isis and serapis, becoming an important deity in mystery cults. his presence in magical amulets and talismans highlights his role as a protector, warding off evil and ensuring the safety of his devotees. harpocrates also appeared in fusion with other deities, such as being linked to eros, further emphasizing themes of secrecy and hidden knowledge. \n \n the worship of harpocrates spread beyond egypt, influencing greco-roman religious practices. his image was commonly found in domestic shrines and temple reliefs, demonstrating his popularity among various social classes. over time, his symbolism extended beyond religious contexts and entered philosophical traditions, where silence was associated with wisdom and self-control. today, harpocrates remains a fascinating example of how egyptian deities were adapted and reinterpreted in different cultural frameworks, blending native beliefs with greco-roman thought."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"3","title":{"es":"egyptian statuette of harpocrates"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17857/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esdecorativearts_figurines","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.073Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17857,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":900,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17858/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17858/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17858/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17858/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: votive dedication plaque inscribed '[(for)...] likaon and martialis, having made a vow, set up [this] with good fortune'. \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 51 mm x 90 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex u.s gallery, ex classical numismatic group, auction 94 (18 september 2013), lot 865 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman votive plaques were offerings made to the gods as acts of devotion, gratitude, or supplication. these dedications, known as ex voto offerings, were typically made in fulfillment of a vow (votum) and placed in temples, shrines, or sacred spaces. votive plaques could be crafted from various materials, including bronze, terracotta, marble, and even wood, and they often bore inscriptions detailing the reason for the offering. many plaques depicted images of deities, body parts (symbolizing healing requests), or scenes related to the supplicant\u2019s prayers. such dedications were an essential part of roman religious life, reflecting personal and communal expressions of faith. \n \n these plaques often served medical, military, and personal purposes. individuals who had recovered from illness might dedicate a plaque featuring a sculpted relief of the healed body part as a gesture of thanks to a healing deity such as aesculapius or apollo. soldiers and officials frequently left plaques honoring mars, jupiter, or mithras after surviving battles or achieving victories. likewise, traders and sailors dedicated plaques to neptune or mercury, seeking safe passage and commercial success. the inscriptions on these plaques, usually in latin, provide valuable insights into the lives of ordinary romans, revealing details about professions, social status, and personal concerns. \n \n votive plaques were an enduring tradition throughout the roman world, found in italy, gaul, britannia, and the provinces of the eastern mediterranean. over time, the practice evolved, with early christian communities adopting similar forms of votive dedication, replacing pagan gods with saints. many roman plaques have been discovered in archaeological excavations, helping scholars reconstruct aspects of roman religious practices and popular devotion. today, these artifacts are displayed in museums, offering a tangible connection to the everyday spirituality of the ancient world."},"estimateMax":1600,"lotNumber":"4","title":{"es":"roman votive dedication plaque"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17858/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.147Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,200 - \u20ac1,600","currency":"EUR","id":17858,"estimateMin":1200},{"startPrice":9900,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/011/011.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/012/012.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/013/013.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/014/014.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/015/015.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/016/016.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/017/017.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/018/018.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/019/019.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/020/020.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/021/021.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/022/022.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/023/023.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/024/024.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/025/025.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/026/026.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/027/027.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/028/028.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/029/029.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/030/030.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/031/031.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/032/032.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/033/033.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/034/034.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/035/035.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/036/036.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/037/037.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17859/038/038.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sarcophagus mask depicting a youthful face with idealised features, a bag wig hairstyle and precisely carved lips \n \n material: granodiorite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 160 mm x 120 mm (without stand), 222 mm (with stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes professional stand, interpol search certificate (10900-180444) by association of international antiquities dealers, geological report with report number tl05402 by ronald l. bonewitz, french export license (num. 227349), spanish import license (num i/1734/2024), spanish export license (2025-020234) and technical report by dr. alberto maria pollastrini. \n \n provenance: from the private collection of a medical professional, previously in a french collection, acquired in 2012 for a new york, usa gallery; formerly in the collection of nahman, since 1950, thence by descent. maurice nahman was one of cairo's leading antique dealers, known for supplying major institutions such as the louvre, the british museum and the metropolitan museum of art. \n \n \n comes with interpol search certificate (10900-180444) by association of international antiquities dealers, geological report with report number tl05402 by ronald l. bonewitz, french export license (num. 227349), spanish import license (num i/1734/2024), spanish export license (2025-020234) and technical report by dr. alberto maria pollastrini. \n \n \n due to the fragility and size of this piece, it can only be shipped within the european union, united kingdom and neighbouring countries that can be transported by road by private courier (door to door) and costs 350 euros, 100 euros for spain. \n \n sarcophagus masks made of granodiorite were an important feature of elite burials in ancient egypt, particularly during the new kingdom and later periods. these masks, carved from the dense, speckled stone, were designed to cover the head and upper part of the sarcophagus, representing the idealized features of the deceased. the use of granodiorite, a durable and prestigious material, signified the high status of the individual, often a member of the royal family or a high-ranking official. the hardness of granodiorite made it challenging to work with, but skilled artisans were able to achieve smooth surfaces and finely detailed facial features, emphasizing the egyptian ideal of eternal beauty. \n \n the iconography of these masks followed traditional conventions, portraying the deceased with a serene expression, almond-shaped eyes, and a faint smile, symbolizing their transition into the afterlife. some examples were adorned with a nemes headdress or a wig, reinforcing their connection to divine and royal imagery. the choice of granodiorite also carried religious significance, as it was associated with endurance and permanence, aligning with the egyptian belief in the eternal preservation of the soul. these masks were often placed within large, inscribed sarcophagi, which were themselves set inside multiple nested coffins, emphasizing the importance of safeguarding the deceased's journey through the underworld. \n \n many granodiorite sarcophagus masks have been discovered in major burial sites such as the valley of the kings and saqqara, offering valuable insights into egyptian funerary art and religious beliefs. some of the most remarkable examples can be found in museum collections today, including the british museum and the louvre. these artifacts continue to fascinate scholars and visitors alike, showcasing the mastery of ancient egyptian stone carving and the civilization\u2019s enduring preoccupation with the afterlife. \n \n nahman, the last prominent owner before its recent history, was a celebrated antiquities dealer and personal friend of howard carter, discoverer of tutankhamun's tomb. his gallery was known to be a reference point for collectors and archaeologists. the photos included in the lot show nahman in his gallery, nahman with howard carter, and the entry in carter's diary mentioning nahman's £80 purchase of several pieces, dated three weeks before the discovery of tutankhamun's tomb. \n \n nahman sold pieces that today form part of the holdings of major museums such as the louvre, the british museum and the metropolitan museum, underlining the quality and authenticity of the works he handled."},"estimateMax":19000,"lotNumber":"5","title":{"es":"egyptian sarcophagus mask, ex maurice nahman"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17859/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":9900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.074Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac15,000 - \u20ac19,000","currency":"EUR","id":17859,"estimateMin":15000},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17860/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17860/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: gladius pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 26 mm x 4 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman gladius was the standard short sword used by roman legionaries, renowned for its effectiveness in close combat. typically measuring around 18 to 24 inches (45\u201360 cm) in length, it featured a straight, double-edged blade designed for thrusting and slashing. the gladius evolved over time, with notable variants including the gladius hispaniensis, inspired by iberian weapons, and later models such as the mainz and pompeii types. this weapon symbolized roman military discipline and conquest, playing a crucial role in rome\u2019s expansion and dominance. \n \n beyond its practical use, the gladius also carried significant symbolic and decorative value. miniature pendants in the shape of a gladius were worn as personal ornaments, often made from bronze, silver, or gold. these pendants were believed to serve protective or talismanic purposes, signifying martial prowess, allegiance to the army, or even invoking divine favor in battle. some were finely detailed, replicating elements of real swords, including hilts and scabbards, while others were more stylized. such pendants were likely worn by soldiers, veterans, or individuals wishing to associate themselves with roman military virtues. \n \n archaeological finds of gladius-shaped pendants across the roman world, from britain to the eastern provinces, suggest they were widespread among different ranks and possibly even civilians. some examples bear inscriptions or decorative elements linking them to specific legions or deities such as mars, the god of war. these artifacts provide valuable insights into the personal and symbolic connections romans had with their weaponry, extending beyond the battlefield into daily life and identity."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"6","title":{"es":"roman gladius pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17860/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":75,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.151Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":17860,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":700,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17861/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17861/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17861/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: miniature amphora with baker's oven and inscription above 'panat' \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: 2nd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 69 mm x 37 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex u.s gallery, ex american private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1895,1020.2 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n miniature amphoras from the egyptian hellenistic period (c. 4th\u20131st century bce) were small ceramic vessels that often served as votive offerings, perfume containers, or symbolic representations of larger transport amphoras. these miniature vessels reflect the blending of greek and egyptian artistic traditions following alexander the great\u2019s conquest and the establishment of the ptolemaic dynasty. unlike their full-sized counterparts used for storing wine, oil, or grain, these tiny amphoras were more decorative or ritualistic in function. their production and distribution across egypt, particularly in alexandria and other key trade centers, highlight their role in both domestic and religious contexts. \n \n one intriguing variation of these miniature amphoras features iconography depicting a baker\u2019s oven, a motif associated with sustenance, prosperity, and daily life. the presence of such imagery suggests that these vessels may have been dedicated to deities linked to nourishment and abundance, such as demeter, the greek goddess of grain and agriculture, or isis, who was revered for her protective and nurturing aspects. bakers and grain merchants may have used these amphoras as offerings in temples or shrines, seeking divine favor for their trade. the imagery of ovens, often stylized in relief or painted onto the vessels, serves as a rare glimpse into the importance of bread production in the hellenistic economy of egypt. \n \n archaeological finds of these miniature amphoras in both temple sites and domestic settings indicate their widespread cultural significance. some were discovered in funerary contexts, suggesting that they may have played a role in ensuring the deceased\u2019s sustenance in the afterlife. others were found in association with workshops or market areas, reinforcing their connection to trade and daily commerce. today, these delicate artifacts, housed in museum collections, provide valuable insights into the intersection of greek and egyptian artistic traditions and the economic and religious life of hellenistic egypt."},"estimateMax":1200,"lotNumber":"7","title":{"es":"egyptian miniature amphora with baker's oven and inscription above 'panat'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17861/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.076Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,000 - \u20ac1,200","currency":"EUR","id":17861,"estimateMin":1000},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17862/008/008.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: double-handled jug with small applied heads on the handles \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: hellenistic period, 2nd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 140 mm x 130 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, 2015, acquired from german art market \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek hellenistic period saw significant developments in ceramic production, reflecting both artistic refinement and the cultural exchanges fostered by alexander the great\u2019s empire. pottery from this era moved away from the black- and red-figure styles of the classical period, favoring more elaborate and colorful decorative techniques. one notable type is west slope ware, characterized by dark-glazed surfaces adorned with white, yellow, and red painted motifs, often including floral patterns and relief appliqués. additionally, molded relief decoration became more common, with vessels sometimes featuring mythological or theatrical scenes. \n \n hellenistic ceramics also embraced increased diversity in shape and function, catering to both everyday and elite consumption. fine tableware, such as lagynoi (slender jugs associated with wine and dionysian rituals), became popular, while larger storage vessels like pithoi and amphorae facilitated trade across the mediterranean. the influence of eastern traditions led to hybrid forms, including vessels with sculptural elements and molded figures, sometimes imitating metalwork. notably, rhodian and koan amphorae became prominent markers of trade, as their stamped handles helped archaeologists trace commercial networks and dating sequences. \n \n beyond aesthetics, hellenistic pottery played a role in religious and funerary contexts. vessels such as cantharoi and lekythoi were often used in rituals, while others, like terracotta figurines and urns, were placed in graves as offerings. the production centers of corinth, athens, and the aegean islands remained influential, but new hubs like pergamon and alexandria emerged, showcasing the period\u2019s cosmopolitan nature."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"8","title":{"es":"greek double-handled jug with small applied heads on the handles"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17862/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.077Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17862,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17863/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bust of a boy applique (wagon or furniture) \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 53 mm x 41 mm x 53 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, rhenish hesse, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman wagon or furniture appliqués in bronze were ornamental pieces used to decorate various objects, including wagons, furniture, and even architectural elements. these appliqués were often crafted with intricate designs and could include motifs of animals, mythological figures, or even human busts. the use of bronze for these decorative elements not only provided durability but also allowed for detailed artistry that could enhance the aesthetic appeal of everyday items. \n \n one notable example of roman bronze appliqués is the bust of a boy, which exemplifies the high level of craftsmanship and artistic detail achieved by roman artisans. such busts often depict young male figures with finely detailed facial features, hairstyles, and expressions. these appliqués were not just decorative; they also served as symbols of status and wealth. the depiction of a boy\u2019s bust could represent a member of a prominent family or be intended to convey certain virtues or qualities admired in roman society, such as youth, beauty, or nobility. \n \n the craftsmanship involved in creating these bronze appliqués reveals much about roman metalworking techniques and aesthetic values. the detailed portrayal of the boy\u2019s bust would involve precise techniques like lost-wax casting and intricate finishing to highlight textures and details. these appliqués not only served practical purposes in adorning furniture or wagons but also reflected the romans' appreciation for art and their ability to blend functionality with beauty."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"9","title":{"es":"roman bust of a boy applique (wagon or furniture)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17863/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.079Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac350 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17863,"dimensions":{"depth":5.3},"estimateMin":350},{"startPrice":280,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17864/007/007.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: shabti with hieroglyphics \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 101 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, collector and antiquity dealer, acquired throughout this time from different collections and auctions. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n egyptian shabtis (or ushabtis) were small funerary figurines placed in tombs to serve the deceased in the afterlife. their use became widespread during the middle kingdom (c. 2000 bce) and continued through the ptolemaic period. typically made from materials such as faience, wood, stone, or pottery, shabtis were often inscribed with a version of chapter 6 of the book of the dead, which commanded them to perform agricultural or laborious tasks on behalf of the deceased. the name shabti is thought to derive from the egyptian word for \"answerer, \" as these figures were meant to respond when called upon to work in the afterlife. \n \n the number of shabtis in a burial varied over time. early examples were singular or limited, but by the new kingdom (c. 1550\u20131070 bce), tombs could contain hundreds of them, sometimes arranged in groups corresponding to the days of the year, with additional overseer figures. these figurines were commonly depicted holding agricultural tools such as hoes and seed bags, reinforcing their role as laborers in the afterlife\u2019s fields. royal and elite burials often had elaborately decorated shabtis with finely carved inscriptions, while more modest burials contained simpler versions. \n \n shabtis not only reflect egyptian religious beliefs about the afterlife but also provide insight into changes in funerary practices over time. their evolution from singular servant figures to large sets suggests an increasing concern with ensuring a well-provided afterlife. as egyptian culture came into contact with foreign influences, such as during the late period and ptolemaic rule, shabti designs incorporated elements from greek and other traditions, yet their function remained tied to the ancient egyptian concept of the afterlife as a place of eternal work and reward."},"estimateMax":650,"lotNumber":"10","title":{"es":"egyptian shabti with hieroglyphics"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17864/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esdecorativearts_figurines","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"soldPrice":420,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.080Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac450 - \u20ac650","currency":"EUR","id":17864,"estimateMin":450},{"startPrice":2800,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17865/009/009.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: head of a satyr \n \n material: marble \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 152 mm x 110 mm x 103 mm (without stand), 195 mm x 118 mm x 111 (with stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand and a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: ex american private collection, new york, acquired before 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n roman satyrs were mythological creatures derived from greek mythology but adapted to fit roman artistic and literary traditions. originally, satyrs were depicted as wild, half-human, half-goat beings associated with the god dionysus (bacchus in roman culture), revelry, and untamed nature. in roman art, they were often shown with human upper bodies, goat-like legs, and small horns on their heads, embodying both the pleasures and excesses of bacchic festivities. these figures appeared frequently in roman frescoes, mosaics, and sculptures, often engaged in music, dance, or pursuit of nymphs, reflecting their role as symbols of indulgence and hedonism. \n \n in literature and drama, satyrs were linked to comedic and theatrical traditions, particularly in satyr plays, which were a mix of tragedy and farcical humor. though these plays originated in greece, the romans incorporated satyrs into their own theatrical performances and poetry, where they served as mischievous, often lustful figures mocking human folly. roman poets such as horace and ovid referenced satyrs in their works, sometimes using them to explore themes of desire, nature, and the contrast between civilization and the wild. their portrayal in literature often emphasized their uncivilized and playful nature, reinforcing their association with rustic life and the untamed countryside. \n \n satyrs also held a religious and symbolic role in roman society, closely tied to bacchic rituals and mystery cults. these cults, dedicated to bacchus, involved ecstatic dances, feasting, and the consumption of wine, with satyrs serving as representations of the uninhibited freedom and pleasure sought in these rites. some roman villas featured satyr-themed decorations, particularly in garden sculptures and frescoes, emphasizing their connection to fertility and the natural world. over time, satyrs became blended with the figure of the faun, a roman woodland spirit, leading to a more refined and less grotesque depiction in later art and literature."},"estimateMax":4500,"lotNumber":"11","title":{"es":"roman head of a satyr"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17865/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":2800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:22.988Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac3,500 - \u20ac4,500","currency":"EUR","id":17865,"dimensions":{"depth":10.3},"estimateMin":3500},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17866/008/008.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ladler with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 75 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired in 2004 from galerie puhze, ex bonhams, london, 7 november 2002, lot 390 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek ladlers, or kyathoi, were specialized vessels used for serving wine, often in symposia (drinking gatherings) where wine was mixed with water in a larger krater. these ladlers featured a deep, rounded bowl with a single elongated handle, allowing for easy pouring into individual cups. though originally a functional implement, kyathoi were often decorated with intricate designs, reflecting the artistic trends of their time. they appeared in both black-figure and red-figure techniques, especially in the archaic and classical periods, with scenes depicting mythological narratives, dionysian revelry, or everyday activities. \n \n the decoration on greek kyathoi often carried symbolic meanings, particularly in relation to dionysus, the god of wine and festivity. many examples feature satyrs, maenads, and grapevines, reinforcing the vessel\u2019s connection to drinking and ritual. some were adorned with more geometric or floral motifs, particularly in later periods when naturalistic designs gained popularity. the artistry varied depending on the production center; athenian potters were known for their fine detail and narrative compositions, while south italian versions sometimes incorporated added colors like white and red to enhance visual contrast. \n \n although kyathoi were less common than kylixes (drinking cups) or oinochoai (wine jugs), they played an essential role in the symposium setting, demonstrating the ritualized nature of greek drinking culture. some examples have been found in funerary contexts, suggesting they were also placed in tombs as grave goods, likely as offerings for the deceased\u2019s afterlife feasting. the presence of decorated kyathoi across different regions, including etruscan tombs, highlights their role in trade and cultural exchange, making them an important artifact in understanding ancient greek social and artistic traditions."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"12","title":{"es":"greek ladler with decoration, ex bonhams"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17866/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:22.991Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17866,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":650,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17867/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17867/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17867/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17867/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17867/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: beaker \n \n material: pottery, black-topped red ware \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: predynastic, naqada i, 4000 - 3500 b.c \n \n dimensions: 90 mm x 81 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, see pictures \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, m.h., acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the black-topped pottery of the egyptian predynastic naqada i period (c. 4000\u20133500 bce) is one of the most distinctive ceramic types from early egyptian history. these vessels are characterized by a polished red body with a blackened rim, achieved through a specialized firing process. potters would place the vessels upside down in the kiln and cut off oxygen flow during the final stage of firing, causing the upper portion to turn black due to carbonization. this technique not only gave the pottery its striking visual contrast but also demonstrated the early egyptians\u2019 control over ceramic production and firing atmospheres. \n \n functionally, black-topped pottery was used in both domestic and funerary contexts. the vessels came in various shapes, including bowls, beakers, and jars, often with simple, elegant forms that emphasized their smooth, polished surfaces. many examples have been found in graves, where they likely served as containers for food and drink offerings to the deceased. while naqada i pottery generally lacks elaborate decoration, the craftsmanship of these vessels\u2014especially their well-burnished surfaces and symmetrical shapes\u2014suggests they were valued items, possibly holding symbolic significance related to rebirth and the afterlife. \n \n the production of black-topped ware declined as the naqada ii period (c. 3500\u20133200 bce) progressed, with more elaborate decorated ceramics and other technological advancements emerging. however, this pottery remains a crucial marker of early cultural and technological developments in egypt. the presence of similar black-topped vessels in neighboring regions, such as nubia, suggests interactions between early egyptian societies and their southern neighbors"},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"13","title":{"es":"egyptian beaker"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17867/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":650,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:22.993Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac1,000","currency":"EUR","id":17867,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":600,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17868/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17868/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17868/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17868/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17868/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17868/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: tanagra figurine \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th - 3rd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 163 mm x 63 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, j.p., acquired between 1980 - 2009 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek tanagra figurines are terracotta statuettes that were produced primarily in boeotia, especially in the city of tanagra, during the 4th to 2nd centuries bce. these figurines depict elegantly draped women, youths, and occasional mythological or theatrical characters, reflecting the refined tastes of the hellenistic period. they were typically mold-made, allowing for mass production, but artisans often individualized them by adding unique details and hand-painted colors. many tanagra figurines were originally adorned with delicate pigments, including white, red, blue, and pink, though these colors have often faded over time. \n \n the subject matter of tanagra figurines is notable for its emphasis on everyday life and fashion, rather than divine or heroic figures. the most common representations show women in fashionable garments, such as the himation (cloak) or chiton (tunic), often posed gracefully, adjusting their veils or holding fans. some figurines appear to reflect theatrical influences, possibly linked to the popularity of new comedy, which flourished during the hellenistic period. the figurines' realistic and intimate portrayal of human figures suggests they were appreciated for their aesthetic qualities rather than purely religious functions. \n \n tanagra figurines were used in both domestic and funerary contexts, indicating their role in personal devotion and afterlife beliefs. many have been discovered in tombs, likely placed there as grave offerings to accompany the deceased, while others were found in houses, suggesting they served as decorative or votive objects. the influence of tanagra-style figurines spread widely across the hellenistic world, with similar examples found in asia minor, egypt, and the mediterranean. their widespread appeal and delicate craftsmanship make them one of the most recognizable artistic achievements of the hellenistic period."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"14","title":{"es":"greek tanagra figurine"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17868/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:22.995Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac1,000","currency":"EUR","id":17868,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17869/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: vessel \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, gaul \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 280 mm x 173 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n gallo-roman pottery refers to the ceramics produced in the roman provinces of gaul (modern-day france, belgium, and parts of switzerland and germany) between the 1st century bce and the 5th century ce. this pottery reflects a blend of indigenous gallic traditions and roman influences, resulting in a wide variety of forms, decorations, and production techniques. one of the most famous types of gallo-roman pottery is samian ware (terra sigillata), a high-quality, red-gloss tableware mass-produced in gaul, particularly in centers like la graufesenque, lezoux, and rheinzabern. these vessels often featured stamped or molded relief decoration depicting mythological scenes, animals, or geometric patterns. \n \n beyond luxury tableware, gallo-roman pottery included more utilitarian wares, such as coarse kitchenware and amphorae used for storing and transporting wine, oil, and other goods. local potters adapted roman forms and techniques, but they also continued to produce traditional gallic styles, such as black-burnished ware and handmade pottery with incised decorations. some regions specialized in distinctive ceramic types, like the \"rhenish ware\", known for its dark, glossy surface and relief designs. the diversity in gallo-roman pottery illustrates the complex cultural exchanges between roman settlers and the native gallic populations, showing how local craftspeople integrated new roman methods while maintaining regional identities. \n \n archaeological finds of gallo-roman pottery provide essential insights into trade networks, daily life, and technological advancements in roman gaul. stamped potter\u2019s marks on samian ware, for example, help scholars trace manufacturing sites and distribution patterns across the empire. pottery production sites were often located near rivers and major roads, facilitating trade and distribution throughout the roman provinces. the decline of gallo-roman pottery coincided with the fall of the western roman empire in the 5th century ce, as economic disruptions and shifting political structures led to changes in ceramic production and distribution."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"15","title":{"es":"gallo-roman vessel"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17869/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:22.996Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17869,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":110,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17870/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17870/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17870/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 121 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"16","title":{"es":"roman flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17870/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"soldPrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:22.999Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17870,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17871/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17871/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17871/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 45 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools for securing locks on doors, chests, and personal items, reflecting the roman emphasis on security, privacy, and property ownership. made primarily from iron, bronze, or sometimes brass, roman keys varied in design, but they generally consisted of a long shaft with a curved or looped head that engaged with the lock mechanism. the keys were often large and heavy, particularly those used for doors or storage chests, and they were frequently carried as symbols of authority, wealth, and access. roman keys were also integral to the organization of private and public spaces, from households to temples, demonstrating how the romans valued controlled access to both physical property and private life. \n \n the design of roman keys was functional yet varied, with some keys featuring intricate, ornate designs, while others were more utilitarian. large, ornate keys were often used by the wealthy or in the context of important state or religious buildings, while smaller, simpler keys were used by ordinary citizens. the variation in size and decoration of roman keys reflects the different types of locks they were designed for, from the elaborate locking mechanisms used in villas and public buildings to simpler locks for personal use. many roman keys found in archaeological excavations bear decorative elements such as animal heads, religious symbols, or family crests, which were sometimes engraved into the head of the key, showcasing the owner\u2019s identity, status, or affiliations. \n \n in addition to their practical and decorative purposes, roman keys have an important symbolic role in roman culture. they were sometimes depicted in art, especially in funerary contexts, to signify ownership, protection, and the safeguarding of personal or family treasures."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"17","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17871/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:23.002Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17871,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17872/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17872/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17872/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17872/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17872/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: tripod cooking pot \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age, cypriot \n \n period: 1900 - 1800 b.c \n \n dimensions: 130 m x 128 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1884,1210.63 \n \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n cypriot pottery from the bronze age is an important area of study for archaeologists and historians interested in the history of cyprus and cultural interactions in the eastern mediterranean during that period. cypriot pottery from the bronze age, spanning approximately from 2300 to 1050 bce, is characterized by its diversity of forms and decorative styles. \n \n one of the most notable types of cypriot pottery from the bronze age is the \u201cbilbil, \u201d a jar with a spherical body and a long, narrow neck. these jars had a variety of uses, including storage and transportation of liquids. cypriot bronze age pottery often features a range of decorative designs, including geometric patterns, stylized animals, and floral motifs. these designs can provide insights into the aesthetics and iconography of the time, as well as the cultural influences that impacted pottery production in cyprus. \n \n furthermore, cypriot bronze age pottery has been found at archaeological sites throughout the island as well as in other locations in the eastern mediterranean. this suggests active participation by cyprus in the trade networks of the era and its influence in cultural diffusion within the region."},"estimateMax":390,"lotNumber":"18","title":{"es":"bronze age, cypriot tripod cooking pot"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17872/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:23.004Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac320 - \u20ac390","currency":"EUR","id":17872,"estimateMin":320},{"startPrice":340,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17873/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17873/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17873/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a lar \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 35 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex joseph klein collection, new york, acquired between 1941 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman statuette of a lar represents one of the most common household deities in ancient roman religion. lares were protective spirits of the home and family, often associated with ancestors or local spirits of the land. typically, these statuettes were placed in a family\u2019s lararium, a small household shrine, and were central to daily rituals that invoked protection and prosperity. the figure of a lar is usually depicted as a youthful male wearing a short tunic, often holding a cornucopia or a drinking horn, symbolizing abundance and well-being. \n \n the worship of lares highlights the importance of household and domestic religion in roman life. while grand public rituals took place in temples, the veneration of lares was a personal, intimate practice carried out by individual families. the presence of these statuettes in roman homes reflects a deep belief in the divine influence on everyday life and the desire to maintain harmony and protection within the household. the rituals often involved offerings of food, wine, or incense, emphasizing the reciprocal relationship between the family and the protecting spirits. \n \n these statuettes also reveal insights into roman art and craftsmanship. usually made of bronze, but sometimes of terracotta or other materials, the statuettes are finely detailed despite their small size, showcasing the skill of roman artisans. the lar statuettes are not just religious artifacts but also representations of roman social values, emphasizing the importance of family, tradition, and continuity."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"19","title":{"es":"roman statuette of a lar"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17873/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esdecorativearts_figurines","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:23.006Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17873,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17874/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17874/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17874/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: unguentarium \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 150 mm x 70 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex coll. ernst ulrich walter, museum of orientalists, leutwitz (saxony). ex. museum für morgenlandfahrer, inv. sw2397 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman unguentarium was a small, often elegantly designed vessel used to hold and dispense perfumes, oils, or other scented substances, which were an essential part of daily life and personal grooming in the roman world. typically made from glass, clay, or sometimes metal, unguentaria were favored for their small size, ease of use, and portability. they were commonly found in roman homes, bathhouses, and even in tombs, suggesting that they played a significant role in roman social practices and burial rituals. these vessels were often used to store precious oils or perfumes, which were applied for both hygienic and cosmetic purposes, as well as for religious and ritualistic uses. \n \n the design of the unguentarium was typically simple yet functional, with a narrow neck and a small spout or nozzle that allowed for the controlled dispensing of the contents. some unguentaria featured handles, which made them easier to carry and handle, while others were crafted with elegant decorations or patterns, showcasing the skill of roman glassmakers or potters. the most iconic form of unguentarium is the narrow-necked, flask-like bottle that resembles modern perfume bottles. many unguentaria were decorated with geometric patterns, scenes from mythology, or even simple, elegant shapes, often reflecting the aesthetic tastes of roman society. they were often small enough to be carried around, making them useful for personal use, especially in the context of public baths or social gatherings. \n \n unguentaria were not only used for personal grooming, but they also had a significant presence in funerary practices. archaeological discoveries of unguentaria in roman tombs suggest that they were included as grave goods, reflecting the belief in the continued importance of personal care and appearance in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"20","title":{"es":"roman unguentarium, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17874/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:23.008Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17874,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17875/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17875/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17875/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17875/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17875/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17875/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 220 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, 2015, acquired from german art market \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman pottery was an essential part of daily life in the roman world, produced in vast quantities between the republican period (5th\u20131st century bce) and the late empire (5th century ce). it included a wide range of forms, from fine tableware to coarse kitchen vessels and large storage containers. one of the most famous types is terra sigillata, a red-gloss, mass-produced ceramic that originated in italy but later saw major production centers in gaul, hispania, and north africa. these vessels, often decorated with stamped or molded relief patterns, were used for dining and were traded across the empire. the widespread distribution of terra sigillata highlights the efficiency of roman pottery production and trade networks. \n \n in addition to fine tableware, roman utilitarian pottery was crucial for everyday activities such as cooking, food storage, and transportation. large amphorae were used for shipping wine, olive oil, and garum (fermented fish sauce), with distinctive shapes and markings that help archaeologists trace trade routes. coarse wares, often locally made, included cooking pots, storage jars, and oil lamps. different regions developed their own ceramic traditions; for example, black-burnished ware was common in britain, while north africa became known for its thin-walled red-slipped pottery in the later empire. the adaptability of roman potters allowed for both standardized mass production and local variations, demonstrating the empire's economic and cultural diversity. \n \n roman pottery is a key archaeological resource, as it provides valuable information on trade, economy, and daily life in the empire. the presence of specific types of pottery at sites across europe, the mediterranean, and the near east helps scholars reconstruct trade patterns and cultural influences. additionally, stamped potter\u2019s marks, inscriptions, and decorative motifs offer insights into production centers and workshop organization."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"21","title":{"es":"roman plate"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17875/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.485Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":17875,"dimensions":{"depth":22},"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17876/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17876/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17876/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17876/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: beaker \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, gaul, trier \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 130 mm x 72 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, restored \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n gallo-roman pottery refers to the ceramics produced in the roman provinces of gaul (modern-day france, belgium, and parts of switzerland and germany) between the 1st century bce and the 5th century ce. this pottery reflects a blend of indigenous gallic traditions and roman influences, resulting in a wide variety of forms, decorations, and production techniques. one of the most famous types of gallo-roman pottery is samian ware (terra sigillata), a high-quality, red-gloss tableware mass-produced in gaul, particularly in centers like la graufesenque, lezoux, and rheinzabern. these vessels often featured stamped or molded relief decoration depicting mythological scenes, animals, or geometric patterns. \n \n beyond luxury tableware, gallo-roman pottery included more utilitarian wares, such as coarse kitchenware and amphorae used for storing and transporting wine, oil, and other goods. local potters adapted roman forms and techniques, but they also continued to produce traditional gallic styles, such as black-burnished ware and handmade pottery with incised decorations. some regions specialized in distinctive ceramic types, like the \"rhenish ware\", known for its dark, glossy surface and relief designs. the diversity in gallo-roman pottery illustrates the complex cultural exchanges between roman settlers and the native gallic populations, showing how local craftspeople integrated new roman methods while maintaining regional identities. \n \n archaeological finds of gallo-roman pottery provide essential insights into trade networks, daily life, and technological advancements in roman gaul. stamped potter\u2019s marks on samian ware, for example, help scholars trace manufacturing sites and distribution patterns across the empire. pottery production sites were often located near rivers and major roads, facilitating trade and distribution throughout the roman provinces. the decline of gallo-roman pottery coincided with the fall of the western roman empire in the 5th century ce, as economic disruptions and shifting political structures led to changes in ceramic production and distribution."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"22","title":{"es":"gallo-roman beaker"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17876/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.487Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac280 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17876,"estimateMin":280},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17877/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17877/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17877/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17877/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17877/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17877/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mirror \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 30 mm x 152 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bronze mirrors were widely used throughout the roman world from the republican period (5th\u20131st century bce) to the late empire (5th century ce). these mirrors were typically made from highly polished bronze or copper alloys, as silver mirrors were more expensive and less common. unlike modern glass mirrors, roman bronze mirrors relied on their reflective metal surface, which required frequent polishing to maintain clarity. some were simple and functional, while others were elaborately decorated, often featuring engraved designs, mythological scenes, or inscriptions on the reverse side. \n \n elaborate bronze mirrors were particularly popular among wealthy roman women, who used them as part of their personal grooming and beauty routines. many mirrors were fitted with handles made of bone, ivory, or wood, while others were compact, with folding covers to protect the reflective surface. some examples bear inscriptions or dedications, suggesting they were gifted as tokens of love, marriage, or status. the decoration on these mirrors often reflected themes associated with beauty, love, and mythology, such as venus (the goddess of love), nymphs, or scenes from romantic poetry. their artistic quality demonstrates the sophistication of roman metalworking and engraving techniques. \n \n archaeological finds of roman bronze mirrors in graves, domestic settings, and bathhouses provide insight into their social and cultural significance. mirrors were often included in burials, particularly those of women, symbolizing beauty and status in both life and the afterlife. they also reflect the roman influence on personal care and the spread of beauty practices across the empire."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"23","title":{"es":"roman mirror"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17877/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_mirrors","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.489Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17877,"dimensions":{"depth":15.2},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17878/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17878/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17878/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mosaic fragment \n \n material: tessera \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 65 mm x 80 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in the last decade in different antiques and auctions websites. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman mosaics were a prominent form of decorative art in the roman world, used to adorn the floors, walls, and ceilings of villas, public buildings, and bathhouses from the republican period (c. 2nd century bce) to the late empire (5th century ce). these mosaics were composed of small, colored stone, glass, or ceramic pieces called tesserae, arranged to create intricate geometric patterns, mythological scenes, and depictions of daily life. the artistry and complexity of roman mosaics varied, from simple black-and-white floor designs to elaborate, multi-colored compositions with shading and perspective techniques that showcased the skill of roman mosaicists. \n \n the subject matter of roman mosaics reflected the interests and status of their patrons. mythological themes, such as scenes of gods and heroes, were common in elite homes, symbolizing cultural refinement and knowledge of classical literature. hunting scenes, gladiatorial combats, and marine life were also popular, particularly in north african and eastern provinces, where workshops developed distinctive regional styles. some mosaics served a more practical purpose, such as those found in bathhouses and dining rooms, where they often included inscriptions or humorous depictions of food and drink, celebrating the pleasures of roman life. \n \n roman mosaics provide valuable insights into roman society, artistic techniques, and trade networks. the materials used, including exotic marbles and colored glass, reveal the vast commercial connections of the empire. the decline of large-scale mosaic production coincided with the fall of the western roman empire in the 5th century ce, though the tradition continued in the byzantine world, influencing medieval and islamic decorative arts. today, surviving roman mosaics are among the most important archaeological finds, offering a vivid glimpse into the aesthetic tastes and daily lives of ancient romans."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"24","title":{"es":"roman mosaic fragment"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17878/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.491Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac75 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":17878,"estimateMin":75},{"startPrice":170,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17879/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17879/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17879/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17879/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17879/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17879/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bulbous vessel \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, gaul \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 155 mm x 155 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n gallo-roman pottery refers to the ceramics produced in the roman provinces of gaul (modern-day france, belgium, and parts of switzerland and germany) between the 1st century bce and the 5th century ce. this pottery reflects a blend of indigenous gallic traditions and roman influences, resulting in a wide variety of forms, decorations, and production techniques. one of the most famous types of gallo-roman pottery is samian ware (terra sigillata), a high-quality, red-gloss tableware mass-produced in gaul, particularly in centers like la graufesenque, lezoux, and rheinzabern. these vessels often featured stamped or molded relief decoration depicting mythological scenes, animals, or geometric patterns. \n \n beyond luxury tableware, gallo-roman pottery included more utilitarian wares, such as coarse kitchenware and amphorae used for storing and transporting wine, oil, and other goods. local potters adapted roman forms and techniques, but they also continued to produce traditional gallic styles, such as black-burnished ware and handmade pottery with incised decorations. some regions specialized in distinctive ceramic types, like the \"rhenish ware\", known for its dark, glossy surface and relief designs. the diversity in gallo-roman pottery illustrates the complex cultural exchanges between roman settlers and the native gallic populations, showing how local craftspeople integrated new roman methods while maintaining regional identities. \n \n archaeological finds of gallo-roman pottery provide essential insights into trade networks, daily life, and technological advancements in roman gaul. stamped potter\u2019s marks on samian ware, for example, help scholars trace manufacturing sites and distribution patterns across the empire. pottery production sites were often located near rivers and major roads, facilitating trade and distribution throughout the roman provinces. the decline of gallo-roman pottery coincided with the fall of the western roman empire in the 5th century ce, as economic disruptions and shifting political structures led to changes in ceramic production and distribution."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"25","title":{"es":"gallo-roman bulbous vessel"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17879/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":170,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.492Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17879,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":700,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17880/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17880/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17880/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17880/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring of pharaoh tutankhamen \n \n material: yellow faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: new kingdom, 1334 - 1325 b.c \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired. \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n tutankhamun, often referred to as king tut, was a pharaoh of the 18th dynasty who ruled egypt from c. 1332\u20131323 bce during the new kingdom period. he ascended the throne as a child, around nine years old, and reigned for approximately ten years before his untimely death. his rule followed the religious upheaval of akhenaten\u2019s reign, during which egypt had shifted to monotheistic worship of the sun god aten. under tutankhamun, the traditional polytheistic beliefs and the worship of amun were restored, signaling a return to the old religious and political order. his reign was relatively short and not particularly remarkable in terms of military or architectural achievements, but his legacy remains one of the most famous in egyptian history. \n \n tutankhamun\u2019s tomb (kv62), discovered almost intact by howard carter in 1922, is one of the most significant archaeological finds of all time. unlike other royal burials that were looted in antiquity, tutankhamun\u2019s tomb contained an extraordinary collection of treasures, including his famous golden death mask, elaborate furniture, jewelry, and chariots. the discovery provided an unparalleled glimpse into the wealth and artistry of the 18th dynasty. despite the grandeur of his burial goods, evidence suggests that his tomb was hastily prepared, likely due to his sudden death around the age of 18 or 19. studies of his mummy suggest that he may have suffered from various health issues, including a clubfoot and possible genetic disorders, leading to theories that he died from illness, infection, or an accident rather than assassination. \n \n tutankhamun\u2019s historical significance lies largely in the modern era, as his tomb\u2019s discovery reshaped our understanding of ancient egypt and sparked a global fascination with egyptology. his artifacts, particularly his golden mask, have become symbols of ancient egyptian civilization. although he was a relatively minor pharaoh compared to rulers like ramses ii or thutmose iii, the wealth and preservation of his tomb have made him one of the most famous figures of the ancient world. today, many of his treasures are housed in the grand egyptian museum in giza, continuing to captivate audiences and researchers alike."},"estimateMax":1300,"lotNumber":"26","title":{"es":"egyptian ring of pharaoh tutankhamen, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17880/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":700,"soldPrice":2000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.152Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,000 - \u20ac1,300","currency":"EUR","id":17880,"estimateMin":1000},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17881/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17881/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17881/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17881/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: face bead, probably medusa \n \n material: mosaic glass \n \n culture: romano-egyptian \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 13 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 52.11.15. corning museum of glass, accession number 62.1.25 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the glass mosaic beads were created using a core-forming technique, where small glass pieces were arranged and fused onto a core of molten glass. this method allowed artisans to produce a wide range of patterns and colors, using materials like blue, green, red, yellow, and white glass, which were then molded into bead shapes. some beads were made using a process known as cane glass, where glass rods were stretched and cut into small pieces to create a mosaic effect. the beads were often cylindrical, spherical, or disc-shaped, with some featuring additional decorative elements, such as gold leaf or inlays of semi-precious stones like lapis lazuli. these beads were then strung together to create necklaces, bracelets, or other forms of jewelry, reflecting the fusion of roman luxury and egyptian artistry."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"27","title":{"es":"romano-egyptian face bead, probably medusa"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17881/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.494Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17881,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17882/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17882/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17882/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17882/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: modern pendant with julia mamaea (mother of severus alexander) denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 32 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade circular silver setting. \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n julia mamaea (c. 180\u2013235 ce) was a roman empress and the mother of emperor severus alexander, who ruled from 222 to 235 ce. she was born into the severan dynasty, the daughter of julia avita mamaea, a noblewoman of high rank. julia mamaea was married to maximinus thrax, and after his death, her son alexander succeeded him to the throne at a very young age. throughout her son\u2019s reign, julia mamaea played an influential role as regent, guiding his decisions and exerting considerable power in the imperial court. her political acumen and ability to navigate the complexities of roman imperial power dynamics marked her as one of the most prominent women in roman history. \n \n as regent, julia mamaea was recognized for her strong leadership and determination to stabilize the empire after the tumultuous reign of carus and his successor. she surrounded herself with experienced advisors and ensured that her son\u2019s reign was marked by peace, in contrast to the military instability of previous emperors. her influence in administrative and military decisions was significant, and she worked to maintain the favor of both the senate and the army. julia mamaea also sought to restore traditional roman values, reviving the importance of education and philosophical ideals, often promoting intellectuals and philosophers in the imperial court, and making efforts to reform the administration to reduce corruption. \n \n despite her efforts to strengthen and stabilize the empire, julia mamaea's reign was not without challenges. her reign was ultimately cut short in 235 ce, when her son, severus alexander, was assassinated by his own soldiers, likely due to dissatisfaction with his leadership and the growing tension between the army and the imperial court. julia mamaea, too, was killed in the chaos that followed. her death marked the end of the severan dynasty and ushered in a period of political instability. although her rule as regent was relatively short, julia mamaea is remembered as a capable and influential empress who played a crucial role in maintaining the unity and governance of the roman empire during her son's reign."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"28","title":{"es":"modern pendant with julia mamaea (mother of severus alexander) denarius"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17882/view","tags":["esjewelry_necklacespendants","esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.495Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17882,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17883/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17883/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17883/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17883/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: weight in the shape of a duck \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: bronze age, mesopotamia \n \n period: 3rd - 2nd millnium b.c \n \n dimensions: 19 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 1980.324.2 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these weights, often crafted from stone, copper, or clay, were used to measure the value of commodities in trade, especially in the bustling cities of mesopotamia, like babylon and ur. the shape of a duck in these weights is a unique representation of the importance of animals in mesopotamian culture, where ducks and other birds held symbolic meaning related to fertility, prosperity, and the abundance of resources, which were important themes in the agricultural economy of ancient mesopotamia. \n \n the duck-shaped weights were likely used to measure grain, silver, or other goods, and their design indicates a certain level of craftsmanship and symbolic significance. weights in ancient mesopotamia were typically standardized to facilitate trade, with the shape of the duck possibly serving as a means of distinguishing the particular weight or value from other types. it\u2019s important to note that standardized weights were essential for the administration and functioning of the mesopotamian economy, and such items could be engraved with inscriptions or marks identifying the issuer or the official overseeing the measurement. this ensured both accuracy and accountability in transactions."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"29","title":{"es":"bronze age, mesopotamian weight in the shape of a duck"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17883/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.155Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17883,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17884/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17884/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17884/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17884/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17884/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17884/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp depicting athena \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 46 mm x 44 mm x 100 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n parallel: deneauve, j., lampes de carthage, pl. lvi, fig 545 (for type) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in roman mythology and art, athena was identified with the greek goddess minerva, who was a central figure in the roman pantheon. while athena originated in greek mythology as the goddess of wisdom, warfare, and crafts, the romans adopted her under the name minerva, making her one of the capitoline triad along with jupiter and juno. as a patroness of wisdom, learning, and strategic warfare, minerva became a symbol of roman virtues, particularly those associated with knowledge and the intellectual elite. while her role in roman culture shared many similarities with her greek counterpart, minerva\u2019s worship was more closely linked to practical aspects of roman life, such as education, military strategy, and artisanship. \n \n minerva was celebrated in roman religion, particularly through the festival of minerva on march 19th, which marked the beginning of the roman year\u2019s agricultural cycle. roman citizens viewed her as a protector of the state and a goddess who could ensure victory in war through intelligence and strategy rather than mere force. her temples, particularly in rome, were sites of public worship and symbolic acts of devotion. notable temples dedicated to minerva included the temple of minerva in the capitoline hill, which was part of the larger capitoline complex, emphasizing her importance within the roman religious and political system. \n \n in terms of artistic representation, roman depictions of minerva closely resembled her greek portrayals, often featuring her in full armor, with a helmet, shield, and sometimes holding a spear. minerva was often depicted with the aegis, a protective cloak associated with both athena and zeus in greek mythology. statues and coins bearing her image symbolized the ideals of strength and wisdom, which were central to roman identity. though minerva\u2019s mythology did not expand greatly beyond the greek myths, her role as a symbol of roman order, intellect, and statecraft continued to influence roman art, culture, and politics throughout the empire."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"30","title":{"es":"roman oil lamp depicting athena"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17884/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:31.496Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17884,"dimensions":{"depth":10},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17885/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17885/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17885/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17885/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: head of apollo \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 37 mm x 30 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house, ex english private collection, london, acquired in the 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n as in greek tradition, apollo in roman mythology was associated with a wide range of attributes, including music, poetry, prophecy, healing, and the sun. his role as a deity of prophecy was particularly significant, as he was believed to convey messages from the gods through oracles. the romans adopted many of the greek myths and attributes of apollo but integrated them into their own religious practices and state rituals, reflecting his importance across different aspects of roman life. \n \n one of the most prominent aspects of roman apollo was his association with the sun, a role that was less emphasized in greek mythology but became more pronounced in roman culture. the romans often linked apollo with sol, the sun god, merging their attributes to emphasize his role as a solar deity. this association was particularly evident in the development of the imperial cult, where apollo was honored alongside emperors as a symbol of divine authority and cosmic order. temples dedicated to apollo, such as the temple of apollo on the palatine hill in rome, were significant religious and cultural sites, reinforcing his role in roman society. \n \n apollo's influence extended into roman art and literature, where he was depicted as a youthful and handsome figure, often with a lyre or laurel wreath. this image reflected his roles in music and poetry, maintaining the aesthetic qualities of the greek apollo while adapting to roman tastes. roman poets and artists frequently drew inspiration from greek depictions of apollo, blending them with local traditions and interpretations. through these adaptations, apollo remained a vital figure in roman religion and culture, symbolizing the blending of greek and roman religious practices and the continuity of classical themes within the roman empire."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"31","title":{"es":"roman head of apollo"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17885/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.162Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac360 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17885,"estimateMin":360},{"startPrice":2200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17886/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17886/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17886/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17886/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17886/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17886/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lion relief with remains of polychromy \n \n material: limestone \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 130 mm x 95 mm x 63 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, alain grenier (1930 \u2013 2022), was a french ambassador to the united states, syria, tunisia and portugal. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman lions, though not native to italy, played a significant role in roman culture, art, and entertainment. the romans encountered lions primarily through their conquests in north africa and the near east, where species like the barbary lion roamed. these powerful beasts were often captured and transported to rome, where they were used in gladiatorial games, executions, and public spectacles in the colosseum and other arenas. lions symbolized both the might of rome and the dangers of the wild, reinforcing the empire\u2019s dominance over nature and foreign lands. \n \n in roman art and architecture, lions frequently appeared as symbols of strength, power, and divine protection. they adorned triumphal arches, sarcophagi, mosaics, and villa decorations, often depicted in battle with gladiators or preying on other animals. sculptures of lion heads served as architectural ornaments on fountains and buildings, while reliefs featuring lions sometimes represented military victories or the prowess of an emperor. the presence of lions in roman iconography reflected both their exotic allure and their connection to the empire\u2019s ideals of courage and conquest. \n \n despite their fierce reputation, lions were also linked to mythology and religion in roman society. they were associated with gods such as cybele, the mother goddess, whose chariot was drawn by lions, and hercules, who famously slew the nemean lion as one of his twelve labors. roman mosaics and frescoes frequently depicted mythological scenes featuring lions, emphasizing their role in legendary narratives. over time, the demand for lions in rome contributed to their decline in the wild, particularly the barbary lion, which was eventually driven to extinction in europe and north africa."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"32","title":{"es":"roman lion relief with remains of polychromy"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17886/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":2200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.165Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,400 - \u20ac3,000","currency":"EUR","id":17886,"dimensions":{"depth":6.3},"estimateMin":2400},{"startPrice":1900,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17887/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17887/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17887/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17887/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17887/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: funerary stele depicting a boy with a bird and a ball \n \n material: limestone \n \n culture: romano-egyptian, probably oxyrhunchus \n \n period: 4th - 5th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 350 mm x 255 mm x 75 mm \n \n condition: good condition with remains of polychromy. includes a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, maastricht, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n parallel: brooklyn museum, accession number 71.39.2. museo egizio in turin, accession number s. 18110 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n this stele, typically made of stone or limestone, would have served as a commemorative or funerary object, a practice deeply rooted in egyptian culture. the iconography of the boy, bird, and ball is rich with symbolic meaning, representing themes of youth, play, and innocence, as well as connections to both the daily life of the people and the afterlife. the depiction of children in art was relatively rare in ancient egyptian iconography, but under roman influence, such depictions became more common, reflecting a shift in the artistic focus towards individual representation and the everyday life of citizens. \n \n the bird in the stele could symbolize a variety of concepts, such as freedom, transformation, or the soul's journey to the afterlife, themes often present in egyptian art. birds were frequently used in ancient egyptian iconography, representing both divine and earthly aspects of life. the ball, on the other hand, likely symbolizes playfulness and the joy of childhood, possibly representing the fleeting nature of youth and life itself. in the context of a funerary stele, the combination of these elements\u2014boy, bird, and ball\u2014could also carry deeper meanings associated with the hope for eternal life and renewal, offering comfort to the deceased's family. \n \n in addition to its symbolic content, the style of the stele is indicative of the cross-cultural exchange between egypt and the roman empire. while the egyptian artistic tradition favored stylized, symbolic imagery, the roman influence brought in a more naturalistic approach, focusing on individualism and the representation of real-life subjects. this blending is evident in the lifelike depiction of the boy, his posture, and the detailed rendering of the bird and ball. the stele thus serves as a reflection of the romanization of egyptian culture while retaining essential elements of egyptian religious and funerary practices. today, such stelae are valuable artifacts that offer insights into the daily life, belief systems, and artistic evolution of romano-egyptian society."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"33","title":{"es":"romano-egyptian funerary stele depicting a boy with a bird and a ball"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17887/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":1900,"soldPrice":3000,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.167Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,500 - \u20ac3,000","currency":"EUR","id":17887,"dimensions":{"depth":7.5},"estimateMin":2500},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17888/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17888/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17888/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17888/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 72 mm x 140 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek skyphos is a type of drinking cup used in ancient greece, particularly during the archaic and classical periods (circa 700\u2013300 bce). the skyphos typically features two horizontal handles and a deep, rounded bowl. it was often used for drinking wine, both in private homes and during symposia (social drinking parties). the shape of the skyphos made it easy to hold and drink from, and it was a popular vessel for everyday use as well as for ceremonial occasions. the design of the skyphos remained consistent over time, with slight variations in size and decoration depending on the region and period. \n \n the decoration of greek skyphoi often reflected the artistic trends of the time, ranging from simple, geometric patterns to more complex mythological scenes. black-figure and red-figure pottery techniques were commonly employed to decorate the cups, with the former style becoming prominent during the 6th century bce. artists would often depict scenes from greek mythology, such as gods and goddesses, heroes, and daily life, making the skyphos not only a functional object but also an expression of cultural and artistic identity. these vessels were not only practical but served as a form of storytelling, with their elaborate designs adding a layer of visual richness to the drinking experience. \n \n in terms of social and cultural significance, the skyphos was closely associated with the symposium, an important part of greek social life where men gathered to drink, converse, and engage in intellectual discussions. the skyphos was the typical vessel for these gatherings, reflecting the importance of wine-drinking in greek culture."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"34","title":{"es":"greek skyphos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17888/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.168Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17888,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17889/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17889/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17889/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17889/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17889/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17889/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: figurine of bes \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: ptolemaic period, 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 105 mm x 48 mm, without stand \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, b.e (1933 - 2012), nimes \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n bes was a widely revered deity in ancient egypt, often depicted as a dwarf-like figure with a lion's mane, protruding tongue, and a cheerful, protective expression. unlike other egyptian gods, bes was not associated with grand temples or elaborate rituals but was considered a household god, especially linked to the protection of women and children, as well as the home. he was commonly invoked for his ability to ward off evil spirits, protect mothers during childbirth, and bring joy and laughter to families. bes was believed to have a strong connection to the everyday lives of egyptians, with his image being used to safeguard the most personal aspects of life, such as the home, love, and fertility. \n \n throughout egyptian history, the image of bes evolved, and he became particularly prominent during the new kingdom (c. 1550\u20131070 bce), where he was associated with music, dancing, and festivities. his figure was often depicted on small statues, amulets, and furniture, as well as on cosmetic items, like mirrors and perfume bottles, reinforcing his role in everyday egyptian life. bes was also believed to have healing powers, and his image was often placed in tombs to protect the deceased from malevolent forces in the afterlife. in some representations, bes is shown playing a musical instrument, such as a sistrum (a type of rattle), emphasizing his connection to music and celebrations. \n \n in addition to his role as a household god, bes also gained popularity beyond egypt's borders, especially in the ptolemaic and roman periods, where he was incorporated into the broader mediterranean world. he was sometimes associated with foreign deities and became a symbol of luck and protection for various cultures in the near east and north africa. his presence in the archaeological record, particularly through small figurines and amulets, demonstrates his enduring popularity across time."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"35","title":{"es":"egyptian figurine of bes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17889/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.170Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17889,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":2800,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17890/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17890/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17890/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17890/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17890/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17890/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: herm of youthful bacchus \n \n material: marble, rosso antico \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 132 mm x 105 mm x 50 mm, without stand \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand and a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex à la reine margot (1975), ex galerie orient - occident (1973), paris, france. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n bacchus was the god of wine, revelry, and ecstatic celebration, often depicted as a youthful and exuberant figure. a herm is a type of sculpture commonly used in ancient rome, characterized by a rectangular pillar with a bust or head at the top, and sometimes a body. the roman version of the youthful bacchus would often emphasize his youthful beauty and vitality, capturing the spirit of youth, pleasure, and divine intoxication. these sculptures were commonly placed in gardens, private homes, and temples as symbols of enjoyment and luxury, reflecting the roman aristocracy's admiration for indulgence. \n \n in artistic terms, the roman herm of bacchus typically presents the god as an idealized young man, sometimes adorned with symbols of his divine attributes. bacchus is often shown wearing a wreath of ivy or grapes, referencing his association with wine and the vine. his expression is typically playful, evoking a sense of carefree joy and the pleasures of the senses. roman sculptors were heavily influenced by earlier greek representations of dionysus, particularly the late classical and hellenistic styles, which celebrated the god\u2019s beauty and vitality. in roman art, however, bacchus was often given a more naturalistic treatment, emphasizing a more humanized and relatable version of the god. this made bacchus one of the most approachable and universally appreciated deities in roman culture, particularly among the elite who were drawn to the hedonistic aspects of his persona. \n \n the youthful bacchus was not just a symbol of indulgence but also a representation of fertility, renewal, and the natural cycle of life. his role as a god who brought both joy and chaos made him a popular subject in roman art and literature, especially during the imperial period. sculptures of bacchus, such as the herm, were often used in private villas and banquet halls, where they functioned as decorative pieces that reflected the social atmosphere of feasting and entertainment. additionally, the youthful bacchus symbolized the transient pleasures of life, a reminder of the fleeting nature of youth and revelry."},"estimateMax":4500,"lotNumber":"36","title":{"es":"roman herm of youthful bacchus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17890/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":2800,"soldPrice":2800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.172Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac3,500 - \u20ac4,500","currency":"EUR","id":17890,"dimensions":{"depth":5},"estimateMin":3500},{"startPrice":150,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17891/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17891/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17891/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17891/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a hexagram  material: silver  culture: medieval  period: 11th - 14th century a.d  dimensions: 15 mm diameter  condition: good condition  provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s   comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice.   medieval rings featuring the hexagram (six-pointed star) have been discovered in various cultural and religious contexts, reflecting the symbol\u2019s diverse meanings during the period. in jewish communities, the hexagram appeared on rings as a protective emblem or a mystical sign, sometimes associated with kabbalistic traditions. these rings were often made of silver or gold and could bear inscriptions in hebrew, such as prayers or divine names, reinforcing their spiritual significance. while the hexagram was not yet the universal symbol of judaism, its presence on medieval jewish rings suggests it was valued for its protective and symbolic qualities. \n  \n  \n \n \n \n beyond jewish use, the hexagram also appeared in christian and islamic medieval art. some rings from medieval europe featured the six-pointed star as part of esoteric or alchemical symbolism, where it represented the harmony of opposing forces\u2014such as fire and water, or the material and spiritual worlds. in islamic art and medieval manuscripts, the hexagram was sometimes used in geometric patterns and talismanic designs, believed to offer divine protection or cosmic balance. this widespread use suggests that the symbol had cross-cultural appeal, with interpretations varying depending on religious and mystical traditions."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"37","title":{"es":"medieval ring depicting a hexagram"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17891/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":150,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.174Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17891,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":1200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/011/011.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17892/012/012.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cinerary urn with lid \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 390 mm x 290 mm diameter (with lid), 310 mm x 290 mm (without lid) \n \n condition: good condition, lid repaired. includes a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie heidi vollmoeller (1978), ex galerie ugo donati (1956), switzerland. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n a roman cinerary urn was an important funerary object used by the ancient romans to hold the cremated remains of the deceased. in roman culture, cremation was a common burial practice, particularly during the republican and early imperial periods (around 500 bce to 200 ce). the urns, typically made from terracotta, stone, or marble, were often decorated with intricate reliefs, inscriptions, and symbolic motifs that reflected the deceased\u2019s status, profession, or familial ties. they were usually placed in tombs or columbaria (communal burial chambers), where they would be stored in niches. the urn itself, often elaborately crafted, symbolized the deceased\u2019s transition to the afterlife, and it was not just a vessel but a marker of remembrance. \n \n roman cinerary urns often featured detailed scenes of everyday life, mythological depictions, or even portraits of the deceased. the reliefs on the urns could depict scenes like banquets, sacrifices, or representations of roman deities, reflecting the individual\u2019s life and values. for the wealthy, these urns might include an image of the deceased in a heroic or idealized form, often dressed in fine attire or engaged in activities that suggested their achievements or social standing. the inclusion of the inscription on the urn, typically in latin, often provided important information about the individual\u2019s name, lineage, and achievements, making the urn a commemorative piece of art as well as a functional object for the preservation of cremated remains. \n \n beyond their function as receptacles for ashes, cinerary urns held symbolic significance in roman society, particularly in relation to death and the afterlife. they were not just a means of storing remains but a symbol of immortality and continuity, reflecting roman beliefs in ancestry, family, and the ongoing presence of the deceased in the lives of their descendants."},"estimateMax":1900,"lotNumber":"38","title":{"es":"roman cinerary urn with lid"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17892/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.175Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,700 - \u20ac1,900","currency":"EUR","id":17892,"dimensions":{"depth":29},"estimateMin":1700},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17893/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17893/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17893/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17893/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17893/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: augustus mount \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes old dealer's ticket. \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex walter steinberg collection, acquired from london art market between 1960s - 1970s. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman emperor augustus, born gaius octavius in 63 bce, was the first emperor of rome and one of the most significant figures in roman history. after the assassination of his great-uncle and adoptive father, julius caesar, in 44 bce, augustus (then known as octavian) navigated the chaotic power struggles of the roman republic. his military and political prowess led him to defeat key rivals, including mark antony and cleopatra, in the battle of actium in 31 bce. with these victories, augustus consolidated power and, in 27 bce, was granted the title augustus by the roman senate, marking the end of the republic and the beginning of the roman empire under his rule. \n \n augustus\u2019 reign, which lasted from 27 bce to 14 ce, is known for its relative peace and prosperity, a period often referred to as the pax romana (roman peace). he implemented widespread reforms in government, finance, and infrastructure, stabilizing the empire after years of civil war. augustus was a skilled administrator who worked to rebuild rome, famously stating that he \"found rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble.\" he expanded the empire\u2019s borders and established a professional standing army, while also developing a more structured provincial administration. these reforms laid the foundation for the empire's long-term stability and expansion. \n \n augustus also understood the power of propaganda and carefully crafted his image as the ideal leader. through literature, monuments, and coins, he presented himself as a restorer of peace and traditional roman values, emphasizing his connection to the gods, particularly apollo. the famous ara pacis (altar of peace) and his res gestae (inscribed achievements) celebrated his accomplishments and reinforced his role as rome\u2019s divinely favored ruler. augustus' legacy endured long after his death in 14 ce, as he established the imperial system that would govern rome for centuries and became a model for future emperors."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"39","title":{"es":"roman augustus mount"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17893/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.158Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17893,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17894/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17894/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17894/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type bussière c v 2 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 70 mm x 118 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a roman oil lamp was a common and essential household item in ancient rome, used primarily for illumination. these lamps were typically made from clay, though some were crafted from bronze, terracotta, or stone. they were often small, portable, and designed to hold a small amount of olive oil as fuel, with a wick inserted into a spout to produce light. the design of roman oil lamps evolved over time, but they generally had a bowl-like shape with a flat base and a single or multiple nozzles from which the wick would protrude. these lamps were used to provide light in homes, baths, and public spaces, making them indispensable in daily life. \n \n roman oil lamps were not only functional but also highly decorative. many lamps were adorned with mythological themes, religious symbols, or everyday scenes, reflecting the culture and values of the roman people. gods and goddesses, such as apollo, venus, and bacchus, were common motifs on the lamps, as were images of animals, athletic competitions, and floral patterns. these decorative elements not only made the lamps attractive but also served to reinforce the religious and social identity of the owner. wealthier individuals might have lamps made from more expensive materials, while simpler designs were more common among the general populace. \n \n the use of oil lamps in the roman world also had significant cultural and symbolic meaning. they were associated with rituals and religion, often used in temples to light altars or in ceremonial settings to honor the gods. in addition, the oil lamp was sometimes used as a symbol of life and knowledge, representing the enduring flame of wisdom. archaeologically, roman oil lamps are valuable for understanding daily life, as they were widespread throughout the empire, from humble homes to elite villas. their presence in tombs also suggests they were considered an important part of the funerary practices, symbolizing the transition from life to the afterlife."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"40","title":{"es":"roman oil lamp, type bussière c v 2"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17894/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.177Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17894,"dimensions":{"depth":11.8},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":1800,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17895/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17895/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17895/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17895/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17895/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17895/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with herakles \n \n material: carnelian \n \n culture: etruscan \n \n period: 5th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s. (1975), switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the scarab shape, originally an egyptian motif, was adopted by the etruscans through their interactions with the mediterranean world, particularly the greeks and phoenicians. these scarabs, often carved from semi-precious stones like carnelian, were used as amulets, seals, or personal adornments, symbolizing both status and protection. the choice of carnelian, a deep red-orange gemstone, was significant as it was believed to have protective and energizing properties. the depiction of herakles, a hero from greek mythology, highlights the strong greek influence on etruscan art and the admiration for his strength, courage, and heroic deeds. \n \n the engraving of herakles on such a scarab typically depicted the hero in one of his labors or heroic exploits, often in a dynamic pose that emphasized his muscular form and determination. the etruscans were skilled in intaglio carving, a technique where the design was engraved into the surface of the stone, allowing it to be used as a seal when pressed into wax or clay. these scarabs were not only worn as protective talismans but also functioned as personal seals for the elite, indicating ownership or authenticity. the herakles motif may have served as a symbol of strength, endurance, and divine favor, reinforcing the owner's connection to heroic virtues and possibly even their social status. \n \n etruscan scarabs such as this reflect the cosmopolitan nature of etruscan society, which absorbed and reinterpreted artistic elements from egyptian, greek, and near eastern traditions. the presence of herakles on etruscan gems and jewelry also suggests a deep appreciation for greek mythology and its heroic ideals, which resonated within etruscan aristocracy. these artifacts, often discovered in tombs, indicate their importance in both life and death, serving as protective charms for the afterlife."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"41","title":{"es":"etruscan scarab with herakles"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17895/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":1800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.159Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,500 - \u20ac3,000","currency":"EUR","id":17895,"estimateMin":2500},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17896/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17896/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17896/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17896/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17896/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: harpocrates pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in english auction house. ex english private collection, acquired between 1965 - 1975. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n harpocrates pendants from the roman period represent a fascinating blend of egyptian and greco-roman religious symbolism. harpocrates, originally the greek version of the egyptian god horus, was depicted as a child and was associated with secrecy, silence, and protection. in roman times, this deity was often portrayed in amulets and pendants as a youthful figure, with his finger to his lips, symbolizing silence and mystery. these pendants were typically worn as protective charms, believed to ward off evil, especially the \"evil eye, \" and bring good fortune to the wearer. crafted from materials like gold, silver, bronze, and even faience, these pendants were popular not only for their religious significance but also for their aesthetic appeal. \n \n the image of harpocrates as a child with his finger to his lips was especially potent in roman culture, where it symbolized discretion and the power of hidden knowledge. the romans, who had incorporated many egyptian deities into their pantheon, embraced harpocrates as a symbol of silence and wisdom. his association with secrecy also tied into the mystery religions of the roman empire, such as the cult of isis, where harpocrates was seen as a protector of sacred mysteries. in these contexts, wearing a harpocrates pendant might have symbolized a personal connection to divine secrets or a role in one of the many secretive religious groups that flourished during the roman period. \n \n additionally, harpocrates pendants were often associated with fertility and new beginnings. as the youthful form of horus, the child god of the sun, harpocrates symbolized the dawning of new life and the potential for growth and regeneration. this made his image popular among those seeking protection for children or hoping to ensure fertility and safe childbirth. the popularity of harpocrates pendants across the roman empire highlights the cross-cultural exchange between egyptian, greek, and roman traditions, with the image of the god evolving to reflect roman values while retaining its roots in egyptian religion."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"42","title":{"es":"roman harpocrates pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17896/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.161Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17896,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":3450,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17897/010/010.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a fat lady \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, tang dynasty \n \n period: 618 \u2013 907 a.d \n \n dimensions: 655 mm x 265 mm x 210 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes thermoluminescence test by laboratory kotalla (reference 05b101123). includes certificate of authenticity from dutch gallery \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired from dutch art gallery \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n due to the fragility and size of this piece, it can only be shipped within the european union, united kingdom and neighbouring countries that can be transported by road by private courier (door to door) and costs 350 euros, 100 euros for spain. \n \n this beautifully-finished ceramic attendant was made during what many consider to be china\u2019s golden age, the tang dynasty. it was at this point that china\u2019s outstanding technological and aesthetic achievements opened to external influences, resulting in the introduction of numerous new forms of self-expression, coupled with internal innovation and considerable social freedom. the tang dynasty also saw the birth of the printed novel, significant musical and theatrical heritage and many of china\u2019s best- known painters and artists. \n \n the tang dynasty was created on the 18th of june, 618 ad, when the li family seized power from the last crumbling remnants of the preceding sui dynasty. this political and regal regime was long-lived, and lasted for almost 300 years. the imperial aspirations of the preceding periods and early tang leaders led to unprecedented wealth, resulting in considerable socioeconomic stability, the development of trade networks and vast urbanisation for china\u2019s exploding population (estimated at around 50 million people in the 8th century ad). the tang rulers took cues from earlier periods, maintaining many of their administrative structures and systems intact. even when dynastic and governmental institutions withdrew from management of the empire towards the end of the period \u2013 their authority undermined by localised rebellions and regional governors known as jiedushi \u2013the systems were so well- established that they continued to operate regardless. \n \n the artworks created during this era are among china\u2019s greatest cultural achievements. it was the greatest age for chinese poetry and painting, and sculpture also developed (although there was a notable decline in buddhist sculptures following repression of the faith by pro-taoism administrations later in the regime). it is disarming to note that the eventual decline of imperial power, followed by the official end of the dynasty on the 4th of june 907, hardly affected the great artistic turnover. \n \n during the tang dynasty, restrictions were placed on the number of objects that could be included in tombs, an amount determined by an individual\u2019s social rank. in spite of the limitations, a striking variety of tomb furnishings \u2013 known as mingqi \u2013 have been excavated. entire retinues of ceramic figures \u2013 representing warriors, animals, entertainers, musicians, guardians and every other necessary category of assistant \u2013 were buried with the dead in order to provide for the afterlife. warriors (lokapala) were put in place to defend the dead, while horses/ camels were provided for transport, and officials to run his estate in the hereafter. of all the various types of mingqi, however, there are none more elegant or charming than the sculptures of sophisticated female courtiers, known \u2013 rather unfairly \u2013 as \u201cfat ladies\u201d. these wonderfully expressionistic sculptures represent the idealised beauty of tang dynasty china, while also demonstrating sculptural mastery in exaggerating characteristics for effect, and for sheer elegance of execution. \n \n it is likely that the original purpose of the figure was that of a mingqi, terracotta figures designed to be included in a burial in order to accompany the deceased in the afterlife for protection, service and companionship. \n \n they included daily utensils, musical instruments, weapons, armor, and intimate objects such as the deceased\u2019s cap, can and bamboo mat. mingqi also could include figurines, spiritual representations rather than real people, of soldiers, servants, musicians, polo riders, houses, and horses. extensive use of mingqi during certain periods may either have been an attempt to preserve the image of ritual propriety by cutting costs, or it may have a new idea separating the realm of the dead from that of the living. \n \n though these were particularly popular during the tang dynasty (618-906 ad), mingqi from a broad range of historical periods have been found, with this piece acting as a particularly early example of the practice."},"estimateMax":5500,"lotNumber":"43","title":{"es":"chinese statuette of a fat lady"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17897/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esinternational","esinternational_all","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":3450,"soldPrice":3900,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:26.277Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac5,000 - \u20ac5,500","currency":"EUR","id":17897,"dimensions":{"depth":21},"estimateMin":5000},{"startPrice":260,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17898/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17898/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17898/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17898/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17898/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17898/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: greek, hellenistic period \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 132 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the hellenistic period, which lasted from the death of alexander the great in 323 bce to the emergence of the roman empire in the 1st century bce, was a time of cultural flourishing and artistic innovation throughout the mediterranean world. hellenistic bronze vessels, including bowls, exemplify the exceptional craftsmanship and aesthetic sophistication of this era. these vessels were crafted using the lost-wax technique, allowing for intricate detailing and refined forms that were highly prized by patrons and collectors. \n \n bronze bowls from the hellenistic period often showcased a blend of artistic styles and influences from various regions within the vast hellenistic world. they were typically decorated with elaborate relief designs, including mythological scenes, floral motifs, and intricate geometric patterns. these decorations served not only aesthetic purposes but also conveyed symbolic and cultural meanings, reflecting the values, beliefs, and narratives of hellenistic society. \n \n in addition to their artistic significance, hellenistic bronze bowls played practical roles in daily life, serving as vessels for mixing, serving, and storing food and drink. their elegant forms and decorative embellishments made them desirable items for both domestic use and ceremonial occasions."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"44","title":{"es":"greek bowl"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17898/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_flatwareservingpieces","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":260,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.163Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17898,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17899/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17899/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with fulmen (thunderbolt) \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 40 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek sling bullet (or glandes) was a small, often lead projectile used as ammunition for sling weapons in ancient greece. sling bullets were an essential part of light infantry warfare, particularly used by slingers (sphendonetai), who were skilled in hurling these projectiles at high speeds over long distances. these bullets were typically almond-shaped or biconical, allowing for better aerodynamics and increased impact upon striking a target. while early sling bullets were made from stone or baked clay, the greeks, especially by the classical period (5th\u20134th centuries bce), preferred lead due to its heaviness, which allowed for greater velocity and penetrating power. \n \n one of the most interesting aspects of greek sling bullets is that they were often inscribed with short messages, symbols, or intimidating phrases. some sling bullets have been found with inscriptions such as \"take this!\" or \"for victory!\", serving as both psychological warfare and a mark of the user's allegiance. others featured depictions of lightning bolts, referencing the power of zeus, or even animal symbols that signified a particular city-state. these inscriptions suggest that sling bullets were not only weapons but also a form of military propaganda, showing how even simple projectiles could carry messages of intimidation or pride. \n \n greek sling bullets played a vital role in warfare and skirmishes, particularly when used by mercenaries or specialized troops from regions like rhodes and the balearic islands, known for their expertise in slinging. unlike archers, slingers could fire their ammunition with less equipment and had the advantage of using local materials when lead was unavailable. the effectiveness of the sling bullet persisted for centuries, influencing hellenistic and roman warfare."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"45","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with fulmen (thunderbolt)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17899/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.164Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17899,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17900/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17900/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17900/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17900/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: juglet \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age, canaanite \n \n period: 1750 - 1650 b.c \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 100 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during this period, pottery was primarily handmade in the early bronze age but became more refined with the introduction of the potter\u2019s wheel in the middle bronze age (2000\u20131550 bce). canaanite potters produced a variety of functional vessels, including storage jars, cooking pots, bowls, and amphorae, which were used for daily life, trade, and religious purposes. the clay used was often reddish-brown or buff-colored, and many vessels were left undecorated, though some featured burnished surfaces, painted designs, or incised decorations. \n \n one of the most distinctive types of canaanite pottery was the \"canaanite jar, \" a large storage vessel used extensively for transporting oil, wine, and other goods across the mediterranean. these jars have been found in shipwrecks and trade centers, indicating canaan\u2019s active role in long-distance commerce with egypt, mesopotamia, and the aegean. the tell el-yehudiyeh ware, a notable pottery style from the middle and late bronze age, featured geometric patterns made by puncturing the surface before firing, sometimes with added black or red slip. this type of pottery is often associated with elite or ritual contexts, reflecting both local and foreign artistic influences. \n \n by the late bronze age (1550\u20131200 bce), canaanite pottery showed increasing egyptian influence, particularly due to egyptian control over parts of canaan. some vessels imitated egyptian faience and alabaster forms, while others were made specifically for egyptian markets. the period also saw a rise in mycenaean pottery imports, which were highly prized and sometimes locally imitated."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"46","title":{"es":"bronze age juglet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17900/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:26.279Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17900,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":150,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17901/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17901/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17901/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17901/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl with maker's mark \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 66 mm x 135 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, m.b, acquired in 1960s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman terra sigillata bowls were a highly refined type of fine red pottery that became widespread across the roman empire, particularly from the 1st century bce to the 3rd century ce. the term terra sigillata means \"sealed earth\", referring to the distinctive glossy red slip that covered these vessels. these bowls were typically made from fine clay, coated with a rich, iron-based slip, and fired in a controlled oxidizing atmosphere to achieve their characteristic bright red or orange color. the pottery was known for its smooth, almost glass-like surface and was often used as tableware in roman households, reflecting both practicality and a degree of luxury. \n \n one of the most distinctive features of terra sigillata bowls was their decorative relief designs, which were either molded or stamped onto the surface. many bowls featured floral patterns, mythological scenes, hunting motifs, or figures of gods and heroes, often arranged in intricate, repeating patterns. the designs were applied using a stamping technique, where individual motifs were pressed into the clay before firing. some bowls also bore potters' marks, identifying the workshop or craftsman who produced them. the most famous production centers for terra sigillata included arezzo in italy (arretine ware), la graufesenque in gaul, and later workshops in germany and britain, as the style spread across the provinces. \n \n terra sigillata bowls played an important role in roman trade and daily life, serving as elite tableware and often accompanying the deceased in burials. their widespread distribution across the empire, from britain to north africa and the near east, demonstrates their popularity and the efficiency of roman manufacturing and trade networks."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"47","title":{"es":"roman bowl with maker's mark"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17901/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":150,"soldPrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:26.280Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17901,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17902/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17902/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17902/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17902/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17902/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: reliquary cross (encolpion) decorated with the important saints \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 83 mm x 54 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the byzantine pendant encolpion, also known as an enkolpion or encolpion, was a type of religious pendant worn by members of the byzantine clergy and devout christians. these pendants typically took the form of small metal containers, often made of gold, silver, or bronze, and were worn suspended from a chain around the neck. the encolpion served as a portable reliquary or shrine, containing sacred relics, such as bone fragments of saints, pieces of the true cross, or holy oil, believed to possess healing or protective powers. \n \n byzantine pendant encolpia were intricately crafted and often adorned with elaborate designs, including religious symbols, scenes from the life of christ or the saints, and inscriptions in greek or latin. they were considered objects of veneration and devotion, serving as tangible reminders of the wearer's faith and piety. the encolpion played a significant role in byzantine religious rituals and practices, serving as a focal point for prayer, meditation, and spiritual contemplation. \n \n the use of byzantine pendant encolpia reflects the byzantine empire's rich tradition of religious art and devotion. these pendants served as personal talismans and symbols of divine protection, worn by individuals seeking spiritual guidance, healing, or divine favor."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"48","title":{"es":"byzantine reliquary cross (encolpion) decorated with the important saints"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17902/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:44.166Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17902,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17903/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17903/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17903/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17903/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type loeschcke iv \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 68 mm x 112 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in the last decade in different antiques and auctions websites, ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a roman oil lamp was an essential household item used for illumination throughout the roman republic and empire (circa 3rd century bce \u2013 5th century ce). these lamps were typically made of terracotta, though wealthier individuals also used bronze or other metals. designed to burn olive oil, they had a central reservoir for fuel, a spout where a wick was placed, and often a handle or loop for carrying. early roman oil lamps were simple in design, but by the 1st century bce, they became more refined, often created using molds that allowed for mass production. their portability and efficiency made them a common feature in homes, temples, bathhouses, and even tombs, where they were left as offerings for the dead. \n \n one of the most distinctive aspects of roman oil lamps is their decorative elements, which could range from simple geometric patterns to intricate relief scenes. many lamps featured mythological figures, gladiatorial combat, hunting scenes, deities, and erotic imagery, reflecting roman tastes and cultural values. some lamps also bore inscriptions, including makers' marks, religious symbols, or political slogans, demonstrating their role beyond mere illumination. certain lamps were designed with multiple nozzles, allowing for more light, while others had christian symbols such as the chi-rho or a fish, showing their adaptation in different religious contexts as the empire evolved. \n \n roman oil lamps were not only practical but also held symbolic and ritualistic importance. they were frequently used in domestic altars, temples, and burial sites, serving as a source of spiritual light. in funerary practices, they symbolized the eternal flame of the afterlife, ensuring that the deceased would have light in the next world."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"49","title":{"es":"roman oil lamp, type loeschcke iv"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17903/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:26.282Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17903,"dimensions":{"depth":11.2},"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17904/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17904/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17904/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17904/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: fragment of a finger \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 41 mm x 20 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s. (1975), switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n during the roman period, fragments of fingers from bronze statuettes are significant archaeological finds that offer insights into ancient artistic practices, religious beliefs, and daily life. these fragments often come from larger bronze statues or figurines that were crafted with remarkable skill and attention to detail. while the complete statues may have been lost or damaged over time, the surviving fragments, including fingers, provide valuable clues about the craftsmanship and aesthetics of ancient roman bronze sculpture. \n \n bronze statuettes were popular in ancient rome and served various purposes, including religious worship, decorative adornment, and commemoration of individuals or events. the depiction of hands and fingers in these statuettes was particularly important, as gestures and hand positions conveyed specific meanings and symbolism. for example, a raised hand with extended fingers might represent a gesture of greeting, blessing, or authority, while a clenched fist could symbolize power or determination. \n \n the discovery of fragments of fingers from bronze statuettes in archaeological contexts sheds light on the artistic techniques employed by ancient roman sculptors. the intricate detailing of individual fingers demonstrates the skill and precision of these craftsmen, who were able to capture the nuances of human anatomy in metal."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"50","title":{"es":"roman fragment of a finger"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17904/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:26.283Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17904,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":1400,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17905/011/011.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sheet / foil mouth-piece or diadem with the stamp of cornelia supera antoninianus \n \n material: gold \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 253 a.d \n \n dimensions: 83 mm x 45 mm, 1,6 gr \n \n condition: good condition. includes a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: bought at an antiques fair in netherlands, 2024, ex german private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n a gold foil mouthpiece or gold diadem from the roman period was a luxurious funerary or ceremonial object, often placed on the deceased as part of burial rites. these thin sheets of gold were sometimes shaped to cover the mouth, eyes, or forehead, symbolizing the status and dignity of the individual in the afterlife. the tradition of using gold in burial practices had roots in greek, etruscan, and eastern traditions, which the romans adopted and adapted. gold diadems, in particular, were associated with elite individuals, possibly members of the aristocracy or priestly class, serving as a marker of their high status both in life and in death. \n \n the designs of these gold objects varied depending on region and purpose. some gold mouthpieces were simple, thin sheets of metal, while others bore engraved inscriptions, symbols, or decorative motifs. in some cases, they were inscribed with magical or religious texts, believed to provide protection or guidance in the afterlife. gold diadems, on the other hand, were often more elaborate, featuring embossed patterns, floral designs, or depictions of gods and mythological figures. some examples have been found in roman tombs, particularly in areas influenced by greek and eastern burial customs, such as egypt, the balkans, and the eastern provinces of the empire. \n \n these gold objects reflect both personal wealth and cultural beliefs about the afterlife. the use of gold, a metal associated with immortality and divinity, suggests a belief in the continuation of existence beyond death. similar practices can be seen in greek orphic burials, where gold tablets inscribed with mystical texts were placed with the deceased. \n \n cornelia supera was a little-known roman empress, the wife of emperor aemilian, who ruled for a brief period in 253 ce. very little historical information survives about her, and she is primarily known through her coinage, which provides the main evidence of her existence. her coins bear the inscription \"\"cornelia supera augusta\"\", confirming her status as augusta (empress) during her husband's short reign. since aemilian ruled for only a few months before being killed by his own troops, cornelia supera likely held the title for an equally short period, and there are no records of her fate after his death. \n \n her coinage, minted in places such as rome and moesia, followed the traditional style of roman imperial portraits, depicting her with a diademed bust and wearing a palla or draped clothing, symbolizing her position as empress. some of her coins feature goddesses like juno, venus, and concordia, which were common symbols of stability, unity, and femininity in roman numismatics. the presence of these deities suggests that even in a chaotic period, efforts were made to legitimize aemilian\u2019s rule through the image of a strong imperial family, despite the instability of the empire at the time. \n \n cornelia supera\u2019s brief role as empress coincided with one of the most turbulent periods in roman history, known as the crisis of the third century. this era was marked by frequent usurpations, military revolts, and economic struggles, leading to short-lived reigns of many emperors. aemilian himself came to power by defeating emperor trebonianus gallus but was quickly overthrown and killed by his own soldiers when faced with opposition from valerian. with no records mentioning cornelia supera after aemilian\u2019s fall, it is unclear whether she was executed, exiled, or simply faded into obscurity. today, her coins remain the primary source of evidence for her existence and role in roman history. \n \n her coins and everything to do with her are extremely rare. her name and monuments were condemned after valerian was acclaimed emperor in october 253."},"estimateMax":4500,"lotNumber":"51","title":{"es":"roman sheet / foil mouth-piece or diadem with the stamp of cornelia supera antoninianus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17905/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":1400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.965Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac3,500 - \u20ac4,500","currency":"EUR","id":17905,"estimateMin":3500},{"startPrice":240,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17906/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17906/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17906/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17906/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17906/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17906/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cuneiform brick fragment \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: mesopotamian \n \n period: 2nd - 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 76 mm x 48 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, b.e. (1933 - 2012), nimes \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a mesopotamian cuneiform brick is a fired or sun-dried clay brick inscribed with cuneiform script, one of the earliest forms of writing developed by the sumerians around 3100 bce. these bricks were commonly used in temple, palace, and city construction throughout mesopotamia, including in sumerian, akkadian, babylonian, and assyrian cultures. the inscriptions typically contained royal dedications, building records, or religious texts, commemorating the ruler who commissioned the structure. since mesopotamian architecture relied heavily on mudbrick due to the lack of abundant stone resources, these inscribed bricks played a crucial role in preserving historical records that would otherwise have been lost. \n \n the content of these inscriptions often included the king\u2019s name, titles, divine favor, and purpose of the construction. for example, bricks from the reign of nebuchadnezzar ii (605\u2013562 bce) often state that he built or restored temples and city walls in honor of the gods. similarly, earlier rulers like ur-nammu of ur (circa 2100 bce) left inscribed bricks marking the construction of ziggurats and public buildings. the texts were usually impressed into the soft clay using a reed stylus before firing, ensuring their longevity. in some cases, the inscriptions were deeply cut or stamped using cylinder seals, making them more resistant to erosion. \n \n these cuneiform bricks are vital for understanding mesopotamian history, political power, and religious practices. many have been recovered from archaeological sites such as ur, babylon, nineveh, and nimrud, providing direct evidence of mesopotamian rulers and their construction projects. because the bricks were often built into walls and foundations, they served both a practical and propagandistic function, reinforcing the ruler\u2019s legacy for future generations."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"52","title":{"es":"mesopotamian cuneiform brick fragment"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17906/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":240,"soldPrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.967Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17906,"dimensions":{"depth":4.8},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17907/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17907/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17907/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17907/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17907/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17907/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: megarian bowl with floral decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: hellenistic period, 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 104 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a megarian bowl is a type of hellenistic mold-made pottery that became popular in the 3rd to 1st centuries bce, particularly in the eastern mediterranean. named after the city of megara, where early examples were believed to have originated, these bowls were widely produced in greece, asia minor, and italy. they were typically made of fine reddish clay and covered with a thin, glossy slip that imitated the appearance of more expensive metalware, such as bronze or silver bowls. the bowls were often relatively small, designed for serving food or liquids, and their refined craftsmanship suggests they were used by the wealthy elite. \n \n one of the defining features of megarian bowls is their mold-made relief decoration, which often covered the entire outer surface. the reliefs commonly depicted mythological scenes, floral motifs, theatrical masks, or intricate geometric patterns. unlike earlier greek pottery, which was painted, the designs on megarian bowls were created using molds, allowing for mass production while maintaining detailed artistry. the production centers of these bowls, including athens, pergamon, and workshops in italy, adapted their designs to local tastes, incorporating elements from greek and roman artistic traditions. \n \n megarían bowls were highly valued trade items, spreading throughout the hellenistic and early roman world, with examples found as far as egypt and the western mediterranean. their widespread distribution and stylistic variations provide insight into cultural exchanges, economic networks, and artistic influences of the period."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"53","title":{"es":"greek megarian bowl with floral decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17907/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.156Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac280 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17907,"dimensions":{"depth":10.4},"estimateMin":280},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17908/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17908/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17908/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17908/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17908/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: piriform aryballos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, proto-corinthian \n \n period: 675 - 650 b.c \n \n dimensions: 65 mm x 37 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex swiss private collection, dr. r.h., acquired in the swiss art market in the 1980s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n proto-corinthian piriform aryballoi depicting running dogs are captivating examples of ancient greek pottery that offer insights into the artistic and cultural milieu of the early archaic period. these vessels, typically crafted from clay and adorned with intricate painted designs, feature scenes of hunting or animal motifs, such as running dogs. the piriform aryballos, with its distinctive pear-shaped body and narrow neck, was commonly used for storing perfumed oils or other precious liquids in ancient greece. \n \n the depiction of running dogs on proto-corinthian aryballoi suggests a connection to the world of hunting and outdoor pursuits, which held significant cultural and symbolic importance in ancient greek society. dogs were valued companions and skilled hunters in greek culture, often portrayed in art and literature as faithful allies of heroes and gods. scenes of running dogs on pottery may have served as visual representations of the hunt or as symbols of strength, agility, and loyalty. \n \n proto-corinthian aryballoi with running dog motifs also showcase the artistic techniques and stylistic conventions of the time. the intricate designs were painted using a black-figure technique, where black pigment was applied to the clay surface using fine brushes or incised lines, creating detailed patterns and images against a reddish-orange background. these vessels were produced in workshops throughout the greek world, with distinctive regional variations in style and iconography."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"54","title":{"es":"greek piriform aryballos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17908/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.158Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17908,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17909/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17909/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17909/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type howland 25 a \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 61 mm x 96 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek oil lamps were a primary source of artificial light in the ancient greek world, used from the archaic period (7th century bce) through the hellenistic period (4th\u20131st century bce). made primarily from terracotta, these small, portable lamps were designed to burn olive oil, which was abundant in greece. their basic structure included a reservoir for oil, a wick hole, and a nozzle where the flame would be maintained. early greek oil lamps were simple, shallow bowls with a pinched spout to hold the wick, but by the classical period (5th\u20134th century bce), they became more refined in shape, often featuring a closed body with a filling hole to prevent spills. \n \n by the hellenistic period, greek oil lamps had evolved into more elaborate forms, often decorated with relief designs, inscriptions, and multiple nozzles for increased brightness. many lamps were mold-made, allowing for mass production and greater consistency in design. common decorative themes included mythological scenes, gods and goddesses, animals, and geometric patterns, reflecting the artistic influences of the time. some lamps bore inscriptions, possibly identifying the potter, workshop, or owner, indicating that they were both functional and personal objects. in wealthier households, bronze lamps were also used, sometimes designed with intricate stands or suspension chains. \n \n greek oil lamps played a vital role in daily life, religious rituals, and funerary practices. they were used in homes, temples, public spaces, and tombs, often placed as offerings to deities or the deceased. in sanctuaries, they illuminated altars and cult statues, while in tombs, they symbolized eternal light for the afterlife. their widespread presence across the greek world, from athens to colonies in italy and asia minor, demonstrates their cultural significance."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"55","title":{"es":"greek oil lamp, type howland 25 a"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17909/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.160Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17909,"dimensions":{"depth":9.6},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17910/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17910/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17910/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: face bead, probably medusa \n \n material: mosaic glass \n \n culture: romano-egyptian \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm x 13 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n parallel: corning museum of glass, accession number 66.1.45 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the glass mosaic beads were created using a core-forming technique, where small glass pieces were arranged and fused onto a core of molten glass. this method allowed artisans to produce a wide range of patterns and colors, using materials like blue, green, red, yellow, and white glass, which were then molded into bead shapes. some beads were made using a process known as cane glass, where glass rods were stretched and cut into small pieces to create a mosaic effect. the beads were often cylindrical, spherical, or disc-shaped, with some featuring additional decorative elements, such as gold leaf or inlays of semi-precious stones like lapis lazuli. these beads were then strung together to create necklaces, bracelets, or other forms of jewelry, reflecting the fusion of roman luxury and egyptian artistry."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"56","title":{"es":"romano-egyptian face bead, probably medusa"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17910/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.162Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17910,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":2800,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17911/010/010.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: aryballos (oil bottle) depicting a winged deity and winged panther \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, corithian \n \n period: 7th - 6th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 180 mm x 170 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition. includes a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex arete - galerie für antike kunst (1984), ex private collection, ascona (1978), ex private collection e.b.b. \n \n parallel: the israel museum, jerusalem, accession number 81.27.97 and princeton university art museum, accession number 2002-154 (winged deity iconography), the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 07.286.37 (panther iconography), museum of fine arts boston, accession number 91.209 (winged panther iconography) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n a corinthian aryballos is a type of small, round ceramic container used primarily for holding perfume or oils in ancient greece, particularly during the archaic period (circa 700\u2013500 bce). known for its distinctive shape, the aryballos typically had a narrow neck, a rounded body, and a small handle. these vessels were often crafted in the corinthian style, characterized by rich decoration and fine craftsmanship. corinthian pottery was highly regarded throughout the ancient mediterranean, and the aryballos was commonly used by athletes in the gymnasium to store olive oil or scented oils for body care. the use of such vessels was part of a wider tradition in which the greeks sought to maintain personal hygiene and enhance physical fitness, making the aryballos both practical and symbolic of elite lifestyles. \n \n the decoration on the corinthian aryballos often featured intricate patterns, floral motifs, and animal scenes, which were painted in black-figure technique, where figures were drawn in black against a natural red clay background. the aryballos depicting a winged deity and a panther is particularly striking, as it combines elements of mythology and nature. the winged deity, likely representing a god or a divine messenger, could be nike, the goddess of victory, or iris, the goddess of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. the presence of the panther, a creature often associated with the god dionysus, indicates the religious or symbolic importance of the imagery. panthers, in greek mythology, were commonly linked to divine figures, representing both strength and the untamed forces of nature, which would add a layer of mystical significance to the object. \n \n this scene, combining the winged deity and panther, would likely have been a symbolic representation of divine power, suggesting themes of victory, protection, or the wildness of the natural world. in the context of the greek world, such motifs often conveyed messages of favor from the gods, as well as the potential for spiritual or physical strength. the winged deity could be interpreted as a symbol of divine protection, while the panther embodies the untamable and powerful forces of nature. together, the pairing of these figures may have conveyed a protective or celebratory function, aligning with the greek desire to associate their possessions with higher powers. \n \n the corinthian aryballos with winged deity and panther imagery serves not only as a functional container but also as a piece of artistic expression and cultural identity. corinthian pottery was highly valued for its sophisticated designs, and objects like this aryballos were often used in elite contexts, including rituals, athletic competitions, and personal adornment. archaeological finds of such vessels, especially in regions such as corinth and its colonies, shed light on the interplay between art, religion, and daily life in the ancient greek world."},"estimateMax":5000,"lotNumber":"57","title":{"es":"greek, corinthian aryballos depicting a winged deity and winged panther"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17911/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":2800,"soldPrice":2800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.163Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac4,000 - \u20ac5,000","currency":"EUR","id":17911,"estimateMin":4000},{"startPrice":600,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17912/008/008.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: fragment of sarcophagus lid \n \n material: wood \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 835 mm x 355 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, b.e. (1933 - 2012), nimes \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n an egyptian late period sarcophagus lid typically dates from the 26th dynasty (664\u2013525 bce) to the end of the 30th dynasty, marking a time of renewed artistic expression, political change, and egyptian cultural revival. the late period was a time when egypt experienced several invasions, including by the persians, yet the art and religious practices remained deeply rooted in the traditions of earlier periods. sarcophagi from this time often featured a human-shaped lid or one with a mummiform design, reflecting the egyptian belief in life after death and the desire for a peaceful and protected afterlife. the lids were typically made from wood, limestone, or stone, and often elaborately painted or carved with scenes that depicted the deceased, gods, and other symbolic motifs, meant to aid the individual in their journey to the afterlife. \n \n these sarcophagus lids were carefully crafted to reflect the status and identity of the deceased, often incorporating hieroglyphic inscriptions, religious symbols, and sometimes portraits. the face of the deceased was sometimes painted or sculpted onto the lid to provide a likeness of the individual for the soul's recognition in the afterlife. inscriptions were often prayers and texts from the book of the dead, which provided instructions on navigating the dangers of the afterlife and securing protection from deities. gods like osiris, anubis, and hathor were frequently depicted in these scenes, symbolizing resurrection, protection, and divine guidance. the overall theme of these sarcophagi was to ensure that the deceased\u2019s body and soul were preserved, and that they were granted access to eternal life. \n \n the artistic style of the late period was marked by a mix of traditional egyptian motifs and influences from the persian and greek cultures as egypt came under foreign rule. while the art remained mostly conservative, some elements, such as the use of color and symmetry, took on slightly new forms. the design of the sarcophagus lid also reflected the belief that the body of the deceased should be well protected and revered, ensuring the immortality of the soul. sarcophagi lids from this period are valuable to archaeologists not only because they contain insights into egyptian religious practices but also because they offer a window into the socio-political context of the late period."},"estimateMax":1400,"lotNumber":"58","title":{"es":"egyptian fragment of sarcophagus lid"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17912/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.165Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,200 - \u20ac1,400","currency":"EUR","id":17912,"estimateMin":1200},{"startPrice":240,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17913/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17913/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17913/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sole of a shoe with hobnail holes \n \n material: leather \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 215 mm x 77 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1856,0701.7247, 1856,0701.1045, 1856,0701.7235 and 1856,0701.7237 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the soles from the roman period represents a common feature of roman military and civilian footwear, particularly the caligae, the heavy-duty sandals worn by roman soldiers. hobnails were small metal studs or nails inserted into the soles of shoes to provide extra durability, traction, and protection, especially for those who frequently marched on rough terrain. the soles of roman shoes were typically made from thick layers of leather, into which these nails were driven, creating a robust and long-lasting sole. hobnails not only prevented excessive wear but also improved grip, making them essential for soldiers who had to navigate diverse landscapes during campaigns. \n \n in terms of construction, the hobnails were inserted from the inside of the shoe, with their heads secured within the leather to prevent discomfort for the wearer. the nails\u2019 pointed ends protruded through the outer surface of the sole, forming a grid-like pattern. these shoes, with their studded soles, became iconic of the roman military and are often depicted in roman art and statues. civilians, too, used hobnailed shoes, particularly those who worked in agriculture or traveled long distances, where the enhanced durability was essential for daily life. excavations at military camps and roman settlements frequently uncover these soles, with the distinctive pattern of hobnail holes still visible. \n \n hobnail shoes not only had a practical function but also carried symbolic and tactical significance in the roman period. for soldiers, the sound of hobnailed boots\u2014often described as a clattering or stomping noise\u2014became a symbol of roman military presence and power. the sound alone could instill fear in enemies. additionally, the tough soles protected soldiers\u2019 feet during long marches, allowing the roman legions to cover vast distances more effectively. archaeological finds of these shoes, particularly at battlefields and military forts, provide valuable insights into roman military life, showing how practical innovations like hobnail soles contributed to the strength and mobility of rome\u2019s armies."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"59","title":{"es":"roman sole of a shoe with hobnail holes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17913/view","tags":["esfashion_shoes","esfashion_all","esfashion"],"directSalePrice":240,"soldPrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.166Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17913,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":1600,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17914/008/008.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sima with shape of lion head (waterspout) \n \n material: marble \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: hellenistic period, 2nd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 78 mm x 103 mm x 110 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex austrian private collection, wien, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek sima with a lion head shape was an architectural element used in classical greek temples, primarily serving as a decorative and functional feature of the roof. the sima was a gutter-like structure placed along the edges of a temple\u2019s roof to channel rainwater away from the building. lion head-shaped simae were particularly popular in the archaic and classical periods, and they acted as waterspouts, allowing rainwater to be expelled through the lion\u2019s mouth. this design was both practical and symbolic, as lions were often associated with strength and protection in ancient greek culture. \n \n the lion-headed sima was typically made of terracotta or marble, depending on the temple\u2019s overall construction material. terracotta versions were more common in earlier periods, especially in regions like ionia, where decorated roof tiles and architectural ornaments were often crafted from baked clay. in contrast, the grand temples of mainland greece, such as those in athens and olympia, favored marble simae, which were intricately carved to depict realistic lion heads with expressive features. these elements not only served to prevent water damage to the temple\u2019s walls and foundation but also added an imposing and decorative aspect to the structure. \n \n beyond their practical use, lion-headed simae carried religious and artistic significance. the lion was a potent symbol of divine power and protection, and its presence on temple roofs may have been intended to guard sacred spaces from malevolent forces. the artistic variations in the sculpting of lion heads also reflect the evolution of greek architectural styles, with early examples displaying more stylized features and later ones exhibiting greater naturalism. some of the finest surviving examples of these simae have been found in temples such as the parthenon in athens and the temple of zeus at olympia, showcasing the greeks\u2019 mastery of blending functionality with artistic excellence in their architectural elements."},"estimateMax":3000,"lotNumber":"60","title":{"es":"greek sima with shape of lion head (waterspout)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17914/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":1600,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.168Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,200 - \u20ac3,000","currency":"EUR","id":17914,"dimensions":{"depth":11},"estimateMin":2200},{"startPrice":450,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17915/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17915/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17915/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17915/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17915/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17915/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos with graffiti \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, attic \n \n period: 5th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 44 mm x 160 mm x 103 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, p.a., munich, acquired from a german private collection before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek pottery with graffiti provides a fascinating lens into the everyday lives, thoughts, and social dynamics of ancient greeks. pottery was used extensively across greek society, from simple cups and jars to intricately decorated amphorae. while most surviving greek pottery is celebrated for its exquisite painted scenes and fine craftsmanship, some pieces also carry graffiti, offering a unique glimpse into the more personal, unfiltered side of ancient life. graffiti on pottery\u2014often scratched, incised, or painted after the pot was fired\u2014could range from simple names, ownership marks, and prices to playful messages, crude jokes, and even snippets of poetry. these inscriptions hint at the interactions between individuals in marketplaces, homes, and social gatherings, bringing a lively, human element to what would otherwise be silent artifacts. \n \n much of the graffiti found on pottery falls into two main categories: ownership marks and dedications. in marketplaces and public gatherings, where pottery was bought, sold, and heavily circulated, marking one's vessel could serve practical purposes. people often scratched their names or initials onto drinking cups, for example, to claim ownership or differentiate them from others. in some cases, especially in sanctuaries, individuals would leave inscriptions on pottery as offerings to the gods. these dedications could be as simple as \u201ci am the cup of x, \u201d denoting the owner or the deity to whom the vessel was dedicated. such graffiti helps scholars understand the personalization of everyday objects in greek society and offers clues to the names, identities, and social behaviors of individuals from all walks of life. \n \n some greek pottery graffiti, however, is less formal and provides hints of humor, competition, or rivalry. in symposium settings, where drinking vessels were shared among a social group, people might inscribe playful taunts, boasts of drinking prowess, or even love messages on cups and kraters. this form of graffiti brings ancient personalities to life, showing that humor, camaraderie, and even conflict were as much a part of ancient greek life as they are today. occasionally, merchants would also inscribe prices or advertising slogans on vessels, pointing to the commercial practices surrounding pottery."},"estimateMax":800,"lotNumber":"61","title":{"es":"greek skyphos with graffiti"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17915/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":450,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.263Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac700 - \u20ac800","currency":"EUR","id":17915,"dimensions":{"depth":10.3},"estimateMin":700},{"startPrice":190,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17916/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17916/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17916/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17916/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17916/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: foot fragment \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 50 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 24.97.108 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a roman foot fragment in bronze is an intriguing artifact that provides valuable insight into the art and craftsmanship of the ancient roman world, specifically in terms of sculpture and decorative metalwork. these fragments often come from larger statues, bronze sculptures, or decorative objects, where they represent just a small part of a larger whole. roman bronze sculptures were often created to honor gods, rulers, or significant figures, and a foot fragment may have come from a statue of an emperor, deity, or mythological character. bronze, being durable and able to hold fine details, was a favored medium for creating both public monuments and private artwork in the roman empire. \n \n the preservation of a bronze foot fragment often allows scholars to study the stylistic details that characterize roman metalwork. these details could include realistic textures, such as the depiction of veins, muscles, and the fine lines of sandals or footwear, which demonstrate the high level of craftsmanship employed by roman artisans. such fragments reveal the naturalistic approach that roman artists took when rendering the human body, drawing on greek influences while also imbuing their sculptures with a sense of individuality and character. the foot itself, though a small piece, can indicate important stylistic choices in how the larger sculpture was conceived, including the use of contrapposto (a stance where weight is shifted to one leg), or drapery that might have flowed around the feet. \n \n the context in which these foot fragments are found is also significant, as they can provide clues to the location and function of the original sculpture. many bronze statues were commissioned for public spaces such as temples, forums, and baths, and could serve both decorative and commemorative purposes. if a foot fragment is part of a larger statue, it might suggest a statue that was once an important political or religious symbol. for example, foot fragments from a statue of a ruler could symbolize imperial propaganda or a cult of personality."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"62","title":{"es":"roman foot fragment"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17916/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":190,"soldPrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.265Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17916,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":400,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17917/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17917/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17917/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pair of cymbals \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 60 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, a.k., with israeli export licence number 57470 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman cymbal, crafted from bronze, played a significant role in the musical and religious practices of ancient rome. these percussion instruments were crucial components of roman music, adding rhythm and texture to various musical compositions and performances. cymbals consisted of two circular plates made of bronze alloyed with tin, which were struck together or against other surfaces to produce a sharp, metallic sound. the size and thickness of the cymbals varied, allowing for a range of tones and timbres to be produced. \n \n in roman society, cymbals were not only used for secular music but also held religious significance. they were commonly employed in religious ceremonies, processions, and rituals dedicated to various deities, including those associated with fertility, harvest, and war. the rhythmic clashing of cymbals was believed to invoke divine favor, drive away malevolent spirits, and enhance the spiritual atmosphere of religious gatherings. as such, cymbals were integral to the performance of sacred music and played a role in connecting worshippers with the divine. \n \n the craftsmanship of roman bronze cymbals reflected the advanced metallurgical techniques of the time. skilled artisans carefully shaped and tuned the bronze plates to achieve the desired sound quality and resonance. some cymbals were decorated with intricate designs, engravings, or inscriptions, further highlighting their cultural and aesthetic significance."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"63","title":{"es":"roman pair of cymbals"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17917/view","tags":["escollectibles_musicalinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":400,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.266Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17917,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":190,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17918/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17918/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17918/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17918/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17918/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: doll \n \n material: bone \n \n culture: egyptian, coptic \n \n period: 7th - 9th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 85 mm x 23 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, a.l., acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: museum of fine arts, budapest, accession number 84.188.a \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these dolls were typically made from bone, ivory, or wood, but bone was particularly common due to its availability and ease of carving. coptic bone dolls are often found in tombs or as funerary offerings, and they reflect the blend of egyptian traditional craftsmanship with new cultural and religious influences brought about by christianization. the dolls are small, typically ranging from 10 to 30 cm in height, and they are often characterized by their simplified, stylized forms and lack of facial details, which contrasts with the more detailed figures from earlier egyptian periods. \n \n the purpose of these dolls is believed to be both religious and symbolic, serving as part of children\u2019s toys or as ritual objects. in the context of children\u2019s toys, these dolls may have been intended to represent innocence and purity, providing comfort or companionship in a child\u2019s early years. as part of funerary practice, bone dolls likely symbolized a transition to the afterlife and were included in tombs to accompany the deceased. the inclusion of dolls in burials is reminiscent of older egyptian traditions where miniature figures (such as shabtis) were placed in tombs to serve the deceased in the afterlife. in coptic egypt, these dolls may have taken on a more christian symbolism, serving as representations of innocence or spiritual devotion. \n \n artistically, coptic bone dolls reflect the simplified aesthetic that characterized much of coptic art, which moved away from the more intricate and highly stylized representations of earlier periods. these dolls often show simplified clothing and posture, sometimes with bent or jointed limbs, but without the realistic features seen in earlier egyptian or greco-roman depictions. the simplicity of the dolls' forms may have been a reflection of christian ideals, where the focus shifted from material wealth and worldly concerns to the spiritual and eternal."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"64","title":{"es":"egyptian, coptic doll"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17918/view","tags":["escollectibles_dollsminiatures","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":190,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.268Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17918,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17919/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17919/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17919/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17919/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17919/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17919/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sanguisuga fibula \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: etruscan \n \n period: 7th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 72 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the etruscan sanguisuga fibula is a particularly distinctive type of fibula (a brooch or clasp) that dates to the 7th to 6th century bce, reflecting the etruscan's advanced metalworking skills. the term \"sanguisuga, \" which translates to \"bloodsucker\" in latin, refers to the fibula\u2019s unique design, which features a representation of a snake-like creature, often interpreted as a mythological or symbolic figure. these fibulae were used in etruscan society primarily to fasten garments, such as cloaks or tunics, but they also served as important status symbols and were often used in ritualistic or funerary contexts. the shape and intricate design of these fibulae suggest they were worn by the elite, as they required significant craftsmanship and precious materials. \n \n the sanguisuga fibula is notable for its detailed, zoomorphic design, where the snake or serpent motif often intertwines with elements of geometric patterns and stylized human forms. the snake may represent life and death, transformation, or divine protection, which are recurring themes in etruscan religious symbolism. the fibula\u2019s design often includes an inlaid decoration, usually of gold or bronze, highlighting the etruscans' high level of craftsmanship. the fibula's intricate decoration and symbolic significance suggest it was not only a functional piece of jewelry but also an item meant to convey power, protection, or spiritual significance. \n \n the etruscan sanguisuga fibula also provides insight into the cultural exchange between the etruscans and their neighbors, particularly the greeks and the italic tribes. many of these fibulae feature influences from greek art, such as motifs and the use of precious metals, alongside native etruscan traditions. archaeological findings of these fibulae, particularly from etruscan tombs, suggest that they were part of elaborate burial rites, where high-status individuals were buried with their personal adornments and symbols of their social standing."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"65","title":{"es":"etruscan sanguisuga fibula"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17919/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.969Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17919,"dimensions":{"depth":3},"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17920/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17920/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17920/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17920/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: face bead, probably medusa \n \n material: mosaic glass \n \n culture: romano-egyptian \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 14 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 52.11.15. corning museum of glass, accession number 62.1.25 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the glass mosaic beads were created using a core-forming technique, where small glass pieces were arranged and fused onto a core of molten glass. this method allowed artisans to produce a wide range of patterns and colors, using materials like blue, green, red, yellow, and white glass, which were then molded into bead shapes. some beads were made using a process known as cane glass, where glass rods were stretched and cut into small pieces to create a mosaic effect. the beads were often cylindrical, spherical, or disc-shaped, with some featuring additional decorative elements, such as gold leaf or inlays of semi-precious stones like lapis lazuli. these beads were then strung together to create necklaces, bracelets, or other forms of jewelry, reflecting the fusion of roman luxury and egyptian artistry."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"66","title":{"es":"romano-egyptian face bead, probably medusa"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17920/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.269Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17920,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17921/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: tanagra figurine \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th - 3rd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 190 mm x 70 mm \n \n condition: good condition, head repaired \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, j.p., acquired between 1980 - 2009 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek tanagra figurines are terracotta statuettes that were produced primarily in boeotia, especially in the city of tanagra, during the 4th to 2nd centuries bce. these figurines depict elegantly draped women, youths, and occasional mythological or theatrical characters, reflecting the refined tastes of the hellenistic period. they were typically mold-made, allowing for mass production, but artisans often individualized them by adding unique details and hand-painted colors. many tanagra figurines were originally adorned with delicate pigments, including white, red, blue, and pink, though these colors have often faded over time. \n \n the subject matter of tanagra figurines is notable for its emphasis on everyday life and fashion, rather than divine or heroic figures. the most common representations show women in fashionable garments, such as the himation (cloak) or chiton (tunic), often posed gracefully, adjusting their veils or holding fans. some figurines appear to reflect theatrical influences, possibly linked to the popularity of new comedy, which flourished during the hellenistic period. the figurines' realistic and intimate portrayal of human figures suggests they were appreciated for their aesthetic qualities rather than purely religious functions. \n \n tanagra figurines were used in both domestic and funerary contexts, indicating their role in personal devotion and afterlife beliefs. many have been discovered in tombs, likely placed there as grave offerings to accompany the deceased, while others were found in houses, suggesting they served as decorative or votive objects. the influence of tanagra-style figurines spread widely across the hellenistic world, with similar examples found in asia minor, egypt, and the mediterranean. their widespread appeal and delicate craftsmanship make them one of the most recognizable artistic achievements of the hellenistic period."},"estimateMax":1000,"lotNumber":"67","title":{"es":"greek tanagra figurine"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17921/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.271Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac800 - \u20ac1,000","currency":"EUR","id":17921,"estimateMin":800},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17922/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17922/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17922/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17922/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17922/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: simpulum handle with duck terminal \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 286 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n parallel: col-lecció cdl (museu el camp de les lloses), mànec de simpulum. el camp de les lloses (tona) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a roman duck-headed handle terminal is a fascinating example of ancient craftsmanship, often found on objects such as knives, bronze vessels, or furniture. these decorative terminals, shaped like a duck\u2019s head, were both functional and symbolic, adding elegance to utilitarian items. they were typically cast in bronze and could be intricately detailed, with features such as a curved beak, engraved eyes, and stylized plumage. the romans frequently incorporated animal motifs into their decorative arts, drawing from a vast repertoire of symbolic and naturalistic imagery. \n \n the use of duck-shaped terminals in roman material culture may have had deeper significance beyond aesthetics. ducks were associated with water, transition, and adaptability, making them fitting emblems for objects that required both utility and beauty. in some cases, such motifs might have been linked to religious or mythological themes, particularly in regions influenced by celtic traditions, where waterfowl held sacred connotations. such handles could have been attached to items used in domestic, military, or ritual settings, reflecting the diverse functions of roman metalwork."},"estimateMax":280,"lotNumber":"68","title":{"es":"roman simpulum handle with duck terminal"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17922/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","esart_decorative","esart","escollectibles_all","esart_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.971Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac280","currency":"EUR","id":17922,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":1200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17923/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17923/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17923/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17923/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17923/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: modern ring with roman gem depicing a bull \n \n material: gold, 18 carats and carnelian \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: es 19, f 59, usa 8,7, 20 mm x 21 mm, 3,3 gr \n \n condition: good condition. original gem within a modern handmade gold (18 carats) ring. \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et legends (1989), ex private collection, j. p., zúrich, switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the iconography of bulls in the roman period was deeply symbolic, reflecting themes of power, fertility, and religious devotion. bulls were often associated with strength and dominance, making them a popular motif in both public and private art. in military contexts, the bull was linked to the legions, particularly in the form of standards and insignia, emphasizing resilience and conquest. in civic and architectural decoration, bull heads (bucrania) frequently adorned friezes and altars, symbolizing sacrifice and prosperity. this imagery, inherited from earlier greek and etruscan traditions, reinforced rome\u2019s connection to divine favor and agricultural abundance. \n \n one of the most significant religious associations of bulls in roman iconography was with the cult of mithras. the central act of mithraic worship was the tauroctony, or bull-slaying scene, in which the god mithras is depicted killing a sacred bull. this act was believed to bring cosmic renewal and salvation, making the bull an essential symbol of life, death, and rebirth within this mystery religion. bulls also appeared in official state religion, particularly in sacrifices (suovetaurilia), where they were offered to gods such as mars and jupiter as part of purification and military rites. the bull\u2019s presence in these ceremonies underscored its role as a conduit between the mortal and divine realms. \n \n beyond religious and military contexts, bulls also appeared in roman economic life, particularly in relation to agriculture and trade. cattle were vital for farming, transportation, and food production, and their imagery sometimes adorned coins, frescoes, and mosaics to signify wealth and rural prosperity. the symbolic weight of the bull extended into roman mythology as well, with figures like the minotaur blending human and bovine elements to represent the untamed forces of nature and civilization\u2019s struggle to control them. through these various depictions, the bull remained an enduring emblem of roman values, bridging the spheres of power, piety, and productivity."},"estimateMax":2000,"lotNumber":"69","title":{"es":"modern gold ring with roman gem depicting a bull"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17923/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":1200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.272Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac1,800 - \u20ac2,000","currency":"EUR","id":17923,"estimateMin":1800},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17924/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17924/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17924/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17924/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pilgrim's flask \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: iron age, cypriot \n \n period: 1100 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 145 mm x 98 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the iron age cypriot pilgrim flask is a distinctive ceramic vessel, typically characterized by a flattened, round body with a narrow neck and small handles. these flasks were commonly produced in cyprus between the late bronze age and the iron age (circa 1200\u2013500 bce) and were used to store and transport liquids such as oil, perfume, or water. their practical design made them ideal for carrying small amounts of precious substances, often by travelers or worshippers visiting sanctuaries\u2014hence the name \u201cpilgrim flask.\u201d the decoration on these vessels varied, ranging from simple geometric patterns to intricate figurative scenes, often painted in black or red on a buff or light-colored background. \n \n the cultural and religious significance of pilgrim flasks in iron age cyprus is closely linked to the island\u2019s vibrant trade networks and religious practices. cyprus was a crucial hub for commerce in the eastern mediterranean, and its ceramics, including pilgrim flasks, have been found in sites as far as the levant, egypt, and greece. many flasks were associated with ritual contexts, possibly used by pilgrims to carry sacred oils or water from religious sites. some examples feature iconography linked to fertility, protection, and deities such as astarte or apollo, reflecting the island\u2019s syncretic religious influences from both near eastern and greek traditions. \n \n archaeological discoveries of iron age cypriot pilgrim flasks provide valuable insights into daily life, trade, and religious devotion in ancient cyprus. the presence of these vessels in tombs suggests that they held significance beyond their practical use, possibly serving as offerings for the deceased or symbols of purification."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"70","title":{"es":"iron age, cypriot pilgrim\u2019s flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17924/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:27.274Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17924,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":160,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17925/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17925/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17925/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17925/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17925/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: 'ave maria' fibula \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: medieval \n \n period: 12th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 43 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, p.f., augsburg \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the medieval ave maria fibula is a decorative and functional brooch, often inscribed with the words \u201cave maria, \u201d reflecting deep religious devotion. fibulae were widely used during the medieval period as clothing fasteners, particularly for cloaks and tunics, but they also held symbolic and protective significance. the inclusion of the ave maria inscription, a reference to the angelic salutation from the gospel of luke, suggests that these brooches served as personal amulets invoking the virgin mary\u2019s protection. made from materials such as bronze, silver, or even gold, these fibulae were sometimes further adorned with enamel, niello, or intricate engravings to enhance their devotional appeal. \n \n these fibulae were particularly popular during the high and late medieval periods, a time when marian devotion was widespread across europe. pilgrims and knights, in particular, might have worn such brooches as tangible expressions of faith, perhaps acquired during religious journeys or crusades. the ave maria inscription could also indicate an association with chivalric or monastic orders, where marian veneration played a significant role. some examples feature additional decorative elements such as crosses, floral patterns, or images of the virgin mary, reinforcing their religious symbolism. these brooches were not only personal items but also part of the broader material culture of medieval christianity, reflecting the fusion of faith and daily life."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"71","title":{"es":"medieval 'ave maria' fibula"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17925/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":160,"soldPrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.973Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17925,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17926/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17926/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cinerary urn \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, italic \n \n period: 4th - 3rd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 126 mm x 130 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n cinerary urns from the italic region during the greek period reflect the diverse funerary traditions of pre-roman italy, influenced by both indigenous customs and greek colonization. these urns, used to store cremated remains, were crafted from materials such as clay, stone, or metal and varied in form depending on regional practices. the etruscans, one of the dominant italic cultures, produced elaborately decorated urns, often featuring anthropomorphic lids or detailed reliefs depicting mythological or daily life scenes. in contrast, other italic groups, such as the latins and samnites, favored simpler forms, sometimes with geometric or floral motifs, yet still reflecting greek artistic influences through imported styles and decorative techniques. \n \n the presence of greek influence in italic cinerary urns is particularly evident in the colonies of magna graecia, where greek settlers introduced attic and corinthian pottery styles. many urns from southern italy bear red-figure or black-figure painted scenes similar to those found on contemporary greek vases, depicting gods, heroes, or funerary rituals. the integration of greek iconography into italic burial practices suggests not only cultural exchange but also the adaptation of greek religious and philosophical concepts related to the afterlife. in some cases, the fusion of greek and indigenous italic styles created unique hybrid forms, illustrating the fluidity of artistic and religious identities in the region."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"72","title":{"es":"greek, italic cinerary urn"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17926/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.514Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17926,"dimensions":{"depth":13},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":3800,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17927/007/007.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: military cheek piece of a helmet fragment with jupiter\u2019s eagle \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 180 mm x 123 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes a certificate of search in the stolen works of art of interpol database \n \n provenance: ex alison barker private collection, a retired london barrister, acquired between 1960s \u2013 1990s \n \n bibliography: rucinski, e., get the picture?: iconography of cheek pieces on roman imperial cavalry helmets, journal of roman military equipment studies \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n \n this object has been verified in the the stolen works of art of interpol database and is accompanied by a search certificate by us. \n \n roman military equipment is famous for its abundance of depictions rife with symbolical content. the so-called cavalry sports equipment, which used to be seen as being solely parade armour, can be distinguished from the infantry equipment not only by its function, but also by its design. there are numerous surviving heavily ornamented parts of roman cavalry equipment and a number of studies have been published on their purpose and decoration. whether the ornamented equipment belonged to parade armour or was also worn in battle is still under discussion. one of those groups contains the helmets, of which a relatively large number of different variations exist. apart from the calotte with its neck guard, the loosely attached cheek pieces were also an essential part of the helmet. cheek pieces as protective elements were used both for infantry and cavalry helmets. although in some cases it is still difficult to attribute individual examples to the cavalry, due to the higher amount of remains we can be relatively certain that the majority of helmets did indeed belong to the cavalry. \n \n in greek and roman mythology, the eagle served as jupiter\u2019s personal messenger, and it is said to have carried the youth ganymede to olympus, where he served as the gods\u2019 cupbearer. pliny the elder also describes the eagle as one of the signa militaria, or \u201cmilitary symbols\u201d (nh 10.6). as a symbol of jupiter\u2019s authority, an eagle would be set free during the consecration of an emperor\u2014a ritual that culminated in his apotheosis. by flying into the air, the eagle was believed to carry the soul of the deified emperor to heaven, thus securing him a place among the gods."},"estimateMax":5500,"lotNumber":"73","title":{"es":"roman military cheek piece of a helmet fragment with jupiter\u2019s eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17927/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":3800,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.515Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac4,000 - \u20ac5,500","currency":"EUR","id":17927,"estimateMin":4000},{"startPrice":40,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17928/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17928/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17928/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: iron \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 31 mm x 75 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, ex english private collection, surrey, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools in daily life, reflecting the sophistication of roman security systems and metalworking skills. made primarily of bronze or iron, these keys varied in size and complexity, with some small enough to be worn as rings for convenience. the design of roman keys was highly functional, often featuring intricate teeth patterns that corresponded to specific locks, demonstrating an advanced understanding of locking mechanisms. these keys were used to secure doors, chests, caskets, and even strongboxes, safeguarding personal belongings, money, and important documents. their presence in both domestic and public spaces underscores the importance of security in roman society. \n \n beyond their practical use, roman keys also held symbolic significance. keys were associated with authority and control, sometimes appearing in religious and social contexts. the goddess cardea, for example, was linked to doorways and thresholds, embodying protection and transition. keys were also used as status symbols, particularly among the wealthy, who owned elaborate locking systems for their valuables. women in particular might wear key rings, signifying their role as the keeper of the household and its possessions. some keys have been found in funerary contexts, possibly representing a passage to the afterlife or the deceased\u2019s status in life."},"estimateMax":80,"lotNumber":"74","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17928/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.517Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac70 - \u20ac80","currency":"EUR","id":17928,"estimateMin":70},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17929/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17929/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17929/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17929/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17929/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with geometric design representing \u201cunity\u201d \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: second intermediate period, 1700 - 1550 b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"75","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with geometric design representing \u201cunity\u201d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17929/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.975Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17929,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17930/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17930/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17930/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17930/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: olpe \n \n material: pottery, xenon-ware \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 57 mm x 60 mm x 46 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n xenon ware is a distinctive type of greek pottery that emerged during the late classical to early hellenistic periods, around the 4th century bce. named after a potter or painter named xenon, whose signature or name is associated with this style, xenon ware is characterized by its unique decorative elements, which combine black-figure and red-figure techniques with white-ground painting. the pottery often features delicate, figural scenes set against a light-colored or white background, with added colors such as red, yellow, and even gilded details. this sophisticated style marks a departure from the earlier, more straightforward techniques of greek pottery, signaling a shift towards a more decorative and visually expressive aesthetic that suited the tastes of a refined clientele. \n \n the designs on xenon ware typically depict scenes of daily life, mythology, and athletic events, often with an eye for intricate detail and a sense of elegance. these scenes are carefully composed and executed, with human figures, animals, and decorative patterns arranged harmoniously on the pottery surface. the themes of xenon ware reflect the interests and values of the greek elite, who were the primary patrons of such fine pottery. scenes from mythology, especially those involving the gods and heroes, were particularly popular, serving both as decoration and as a way to reinforce cultural narratives. in some cases, xenon ware also displays a playful quality, with decorative motifs that show animals or mythological creatures in relaxed, often whimsical poses, adding a touch of lightheartedness to the otherwise formal designs. \n \n xenon ware was likely produced for a more exclusive market, as its complex techniques and delicate details required considerable skill and time to produce."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"76","title":{"es":"greek olpe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17930/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.518Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17930,"dimensions":{"depth":4.6},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":300,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17931/007/007.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate with maker's mark and decoration \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 155 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et legendes (1989), ex private collection, j.p., zúrich, switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman terra sigillata plates were a hallmark of fine tableware in the roman empire, prized for their smooth, glossy surfaces and distinctive red-orange hue. this type of pottery, meaning \"stamped earth, \" was mass-produced using molds and featured decorative motifs such as geometric patterns, mythological scenes, and floral designs. originating in the late republic and flourishing during the early imperial period (1st century bce\u20133rd century ce), terra sigillata was primarily produced in regions such as arretium (modern arezzo, italy), gaul, and later in provincial centers across the empire. these plates, along with bowls and cups, were widely traded and found in domestic, military, and commercial contexts, highlighting their significance in roman dining culture. \n \n the production process of terra sigillata involved high-quality clay, careful molding techniques, and a fine slip coating that, when fired in oxidizing kilns, created the characteristic glossy finish. many plates bore makers' stamps, identifying specific workshops or potters and allowing archaeologists to trace production centers and trade routes. the designs on these plates often reflected contemporary artistic trends, including scenes from mythology, gladiatorial combat, and everyday life, making them not only functional but also decorative. the standardization of production methods enabled the mass distribution of terra sigillata, making it one of the most recognizable forms of roman pottery."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"77","title":{"es":"roman plate with maker's mark and decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17931/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":300,"soldPrice":700,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.520Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17931,"dimensions":{"depth":15.5},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17932/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17932/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17932/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17932/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: doll \n \n material: bone \n \n culture: egyptian, coptic \n \n period: 7th - 9th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 55 mm x 20 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, a.l., acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these dolls were typically made from bone, ivory, or wood, but bone was particularly common due to its availability and ease of carving. coptic bone dolls are often found in tombs or as funerary offerings, and they reflect the blend of egyptian traditional craftsmanship with new cultural and religious influences brought about by christianization. the dolls are small, typically ranging from 10 to 30 cm in height, and they are often characterized by their simplified, stylized forms and lack of facial details, which contrasts with the more detailed figures from earlier egyptian periods. \n \n the purpose of these dolls is believed to be both religious and symbolic, serving as part of children\u2019s toys or as ritual objects. in the context of children\u2019s toys, these dolls may have been intended to represent innocence and purity, providing comfort or companionship in a child\u2019s early years. as part of funerary practice, bone dolls likely symbolized a transition to the afterlife and were included in tombs to accompany the deceased. the inclusion of dolls in burials is reminiscent of older egyptian traditions where miniature figures (such as shabtis) were placed in tombs to serve the deceased in the afterlife. in coptic egypt, these dolls may have taken on a more christian symbolism, serving as representations of innocence or spiritual devotion. \n \n artistically, coptic bone dolls reflect the simplified aesthetic that characterized much of coptic art, which moved away from the more intricate and highly stylized representations of earlier periods. these dolls often show simplified clothing and posture, sometimes with bent or jointed limbs, but without the realistic features seen in earlier egyptian or greco-roman depictions. the simplicity of the dolls' forms may have been a reflection of christian ideals, where the focus shifted from material wealth and worldly concerns to the spiritual and eternal."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"78","title":{"es":"egyptian, coptic doll"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17932/view","tags":["escollectibles_dollsminiatures","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.521Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17932,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17933/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17933/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17933/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17933/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: squat lekythos with palmette \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 100 mm x 51 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the squat lekythos is a distinctive variant of the greek lekythos, a vessel primarily used for storing oil, perfumes, or other precious liquids. characterized by a broader, more compact body compared to the standard lekythos, the squat version was particularly prevalent from the late archaic to the classical period (6th\u20134th century bce). produced in major ceramic centers such as athens and corinth, squat lekythoi were often adorned with black-figure or red-figure decoration, displaying scenes drawn from mythology, daily life, or funerary iconography. their wide, flat body provided an ideal surface for intricate painted compositions, and they frequently featured a short neck and flaring mouth, facilitating controlled pouring of their contents. \n \n functionally, the squat lekythos maintained a role similar to its taller counterpart, though its compact form suggests it was designed for more convenient handling and storage. these vessels were commonly associated with both domestic and ritual contexts, particularly in relation to funerary offerings. many have been recovered from gravesites, indicating their role in burial practices, where they may have contained perfumed oils used to anoint the deceased or were left as votive deposits. the iconographic choices on these vessels often reflect their intended use, with frequent depictions of mourners, chthonic deities, or dionysian imagery symbolizing the transition between life and death."},"estimateMax":280,"lotNumber":"79","title":{"es":"greek squat lekythos with palmette"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17933/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.522Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac220 - \u20ac280","currency":"EUR","id":17933,"estimateMin":220},{"startPrice":220,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17934/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17934/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17934/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: modern ring with hadrian denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: es 26, f 66, usa 11,5, 28 mm x 26 mm \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade silver ring. \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, bought in austrian auction house (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian (publius aelius hadrianus, 76\u2013138 ce) was a roman emperor who ruled from 117 to 138 ce, succeeding his adoptive father, emperor trajan. unlike his predecessor, who pursued aggressive territorial expansion, hadrian is best known for consolidating and securing rome\u2019s vast empire. he withdrew from some of trajan\u2019s conquests in mesopotamia and instead focused on strengthening rome\u2019s borders, most famously by constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain. this massive fortification marked the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary and was intended to control movement and defend against local tribes. hadrian also traveled extensively throughout the empire, personally overseeing administrative and military affairs, which earned him a reputation as a hands-on and strategic ruler. \n \n hadrian was a patron of art, architecture, and greek culture, earning him the title of a philhellene (a lover of greek culture). he commissioned grand architectural projects, including the pantheon\u2019s reconstruction in rome and the villa adriana, his lavish countryside retreat in tivoli. his admiration for greek philosophy and learning influenced his policies, as he encouraged intellectual and cultural exchange within the empire. hadrian\u2019s reign also saw important legal and administrative reforms, centralizing authority and improving governance. however, he faced resistance, especially in judea, where his efforts to suppress jewish revolts\u2014particularly the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ce)\u2014led to widespread destruction and the renaming of jerusalem as aelia capitolina to erase its jewish identity. \n \n hadrian\u2019s personal life was equally notable, especially his deep affection for antinous, a young greek companion whose untimely death in 130 ce led hadrian to deify him and establish a cult in his honor. in his later years, hadrian\u2019s rule became harsher, with purges of perceived rivals and a strained succession process. he eventually adopted antoninus pius as his heir, ensuring a peaceful transition. hadrian died in 138 ce and was later deified by the senate. his reign is remembered as one of consolidation, cultural flourishing, and architectural grandeur, marking a shift from expansionist ambitions to a more sustainable and well-governed roman empire."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"80","title":{"es":"modern ring with hadrian denarius"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17934/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":220,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:21.523Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17934,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17935/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17935/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17935/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17935/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17935/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17935/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of pharaoh \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: ptolemaic period, 332 - 30 b.c \n \n dimensions: 175 mm x 75 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, b.e. (1933 - 2012), nimes \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n statuettes of pharaohs from the ptolemaic period (332\u201330 bce) reflect the fusion of traditional egyptian artistic conventions with hellenistic influences. these small-scale representations of rulers, often made of bronze, faience, or stone, continued the long-standing egyptian tradition of depicting the pharaoh as a divine and powerful figure. while maintaining core elements of egyptian royal iconography\u2014such as the nemes headdress, false beard, and traditional kilt\u2014ptolemaic statuettes sometimes exhibited subtle stylistic changes, including softer facial features and more naturalistic proportions, influenced by greek artistic trends. these statuettes were used in temples, shrines, and domestic spaces as votive offerings or symbols of royal legitimacy. \n \n many ptolemaic pharaoh statuettes were dedicated in temples to reinforce the ruler\u2019s divine status and his role as the intermediary between the gods and the people. inscriptions on some statuettes link them to specific deities, such as amun, osiris, or isis, emphasizing the religious authority of the ptolemaic kings. unlike earlier periods, when statues primarily depicted native egyptian rulers, ptolemaic-era statuettes often represented greek-descended kings, such as ptolemy i or ptolemy ii, assimilated into traditional egyptian royal imagery. this blending of cultural elements served to legitimize the greek rulers in the eyes of the egyptian population, reinforcing their position as rightful heirs to the pharaonic legacy."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"81","title":{"es":"egyptian statuette of pharaoh"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17935/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.418Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17935,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":1500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/007/007.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/008/008.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/009/009.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/010/010.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17936/011/011.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: amphora with painted letters \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek, apulian \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 590 mm x 300 mm (without stand) \n \n condition: good condition. includes stand and thermoluminescence test by qed laboratoire (reference qed2420/bg-0503) \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, d.d., acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek amphorae from the apulian region represent some of the finest examples of south italian pottery, reflecting the cultural fusion between greek settlers and the indigenous italic populations. during the 4th and 3rd centuries bce, apulia, located in the southeastern part of the italian peninsula, was a significant area of greek colonization, and the region became renowned for its distinctive ceramic production. the greek settlers in apulia, particularly in cities like taranto, influenced local pottery techniques, resulting in a vibrant tradition of painted amphorae that blended greek styles with local elements. these amphorae were large, usually two-handled storage vessels used for transporting goods such as wine, oil, and grain. the shape of the amphora was practical for trade, yet it was also a canvas for artistic expression. \n \n one of the key characteristics of apulian amphorae is their rich and intricate decoration, which typically includes detailed figural scenes drawn from greek mythology, daily life, and athletic competitions. the artwork on these vessels was often painted in a style known as the \"apulian red-figure, \" a technique that allowed for more detailed, realistic depictions compared to earlier black-figure pottery. the apulian style is particularly famous for its large, detailed scenes that often covered the entire surface of the amphora. these vessels typically depicted gods, heroes, and mythological creatures, with notable subjects including dionysian themes, such as the god dionysus in a procession or accompanied by satyrs and maenads. the intricate designs highlight the skill of local artisans and their adherence to classical greek artistic conventions while simultaneously incorporating regional influences. \n \n apulian amphorae are significant not only for their artistry but also for the insights they offer into the cultural and economic exchanges between the greek world and the indigenous italic peoples. the prevalence of these vessels in both funerary and domestic contexts suggests their importance in daily life and religious practices. in tombs, for example, amphorae were often used as grave offerings, reflecting the cultural significance of wine, oil, and other goods in burial rituals."},"estimateMax":2200,"lotNumber":"82","title":{"es":"greek amphora with painted letters and thermoluminescence test (tl)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17936/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":1500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.419Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac2,000 - \u20ac2,200","currency":"EUR","id":17936,"dimensions":{"depth":30},"estimateMin":2000},{"startPrice":320,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17937/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17937/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17937/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: face bead, probably medusa \n \n material: mosaic glass \n \n culture: romano-egyptian \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 13 mm x 13 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n parallel: corning museum of glass, accession number 66.1.45 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the glass mosaic beads were created using a core-forming technique, where small glass pieces were arranged and fused onto a core of molten glass. this method allowed artisans to produce a wide range of patterns and colors, using materials like blue, green, red, yellow, and white glass, which were then molded into bead shapes. some beads were made using a process known as cane glass, where glass rods were stretched and cut into small pieces to create a mosaic effect. the beads were often cylindrical, spherical, or disc-shaped, with some featuring additional decorative elements, such as gold leaf or inlays of semi-precious stones like lapis lazuli. these beads were then strung together to create necklaces, bracelets, or other forms of jewelry, reflecting the fusion of roman luxury and egyptian artistry."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"83","title":{"es":"romano-egyptian face bead, probably medusa"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17937/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":320,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.421Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17937,"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17938/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17938/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17938/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17938/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cup \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, ca mau shipwreck \n \n period: 18th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 71 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex sotheby's, amsterdam, junuary 2007 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the ca mau wreck, discovered off the southern coast of vietnam near the ca mau peninsula, is an important historical site linked to maritime trade in the early 18th century. in 1998, local fishermen accidentally discovered the wreckage, which led to extensive excavations by the vietnamese government. the ship, believed to have been en route from guangzhou to batavia (modern-day jakarta), sank around 1725 after a severe fire onboard. over 130,000 artifacts were recovered, mostly chinese porcelain, which provides insight into the global trade routes of the time\u200b. \n \n artifacts from the wreck suggest it was part of the vast porcelain trade, which was a key aspect of inter-asian and european commerce. the majority of the ceramics recovered were made in china, particularly from renowned production centers like jingdezhen. this included blue-and-white porcelain, teacups, and various decorative items. the ca mau wreck is especially significant because it illustrates the growing demand for chinese ceramics in europe, particularly during the reign of the yongzheng emperor (1723\u20131735), a period when porcelain export reached new heights\u200b. \n \n the wreck's discovery has shed light on the broader historical context of vietnam's role in maritime trade networks, especially as a key point in the movement of goods between east asia and europe. additionally, this site has been crucial in understanding the complex interactions among the dutch east india company, private traders, and other international players during the 18th century\u200b."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"84","title":{"es":"chinese cup, cau mau shipwreck, ex sotheby's"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17938/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.422Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17938,"dimensions":{"depth":7.1},"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17939/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17939/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17939/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: weight in the shape of a duck \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: bronze age, mesopotamia \n \n period: 3rd - 2nd millnium b.c \n \n dimensions: 11 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 1980.324.2 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these weights, often crafted from stone, copper, or clay, were used to measure the value of commodities in trade, especially in the bustling cities of mesopotamia, like babylon and ur. the shape of a duck in these weights is a unique representation of the importance of animals in mesopotamian culture, where ducks and other birds held symbolic meaning related to fertility, prosperity, and the abundance of resources, which were important themes in the agricultural economy of ancient mesopotamia. \n \n the duck-shaped weights were likely used to measure grain, silver, or other goods, and their design indicates a certain level of craftsmanship and symbolic significance. weights in ancient mesopotamia were typically standardized to facilitate trade, with the shape of the duck possibly serving as a means of distinguishing the particular weight or value from other types. it\u2019s important to note that standardized weights were essential for the administration and functioning of the mesopotamian economy, and such items could be engraved with inscriptions or marks identifying the issuer or the official overseeing the measurement. this ensured both accuracy and accountability in transactions."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"85","title":{"es":"bronze age, mesopotamian weight in the shape of a duck"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17939/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.423Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17939,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":160,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17940/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17940/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17940/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17940/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cauroid with scorpion goddess, serket \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: new kingdom, 1550 - 1300 b.c \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 10 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations. \n \n serket (or selket) was an important goddess in ancient egyptian religion, associated with protection, healing, and venomous creatures. she was often depicted as a woman wearing a scorpion on her head, symbolizing her role as a guardian against poisonous stings and bites. serket\u2019s protective nature made her one of the deities invoked for safeguarding both the living and the dead, particularly in medical and funerary contexts. she was believed to have the power to neutralize venom, and her name, meaning \"she who causes the throat to breathe, \" highlights her role in preventing suffocation, a symptom of scorpion or snake bites. \n \n serket played a significant role in funerary traditions, particularly as one of the four goddesses who protected the canopic jars of the deceased. she was specifically assigned to guard the jar containing the intestines, associated with the deity qebehsenuef. because of this role, serket was frequently depicted in tombs and temple reliefs, often shown standing with her arms outstretched in a protective gesture. one of the most famous representations of serket is the gilded statue found in the tomb of tutankhamun, where she appears alongside isis, nephthys, and neith as a guardian of the young king\u2019s burial chamber. \n \n in addition to her funerary importance, serket was invoked in medical spells and amulets designed to protect against poison and illness. egyptian healers and priests would call upon her in rituals meant to cure scorpion or snake bites, often using incantations or magical stelae inscribed with protective texts. over time, serket became closely associated with isis, another powerful healer and mother goddess, leading to overlapping roles in later religious traditions. today, serket remains a fascinating figure in egyptian mythology, embodying the dual aspects of danger and protection, reflecting the egyptians\u2019 deep understanding of both the perils and remedies of the natural world."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"86","title":{"es":"egyptian cauroid with scorpion goddess, serket"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17940/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":160,"soldPrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.976Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17940,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17941/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17941/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17941/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17941/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a deer and a tree \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were a widespread form of personal adornment in the roman world, worn by individuals of all social classes and carrying both aesthetic and symbolic significance. these rings, made from materials such as gold, silver, bronze, and iron, were not only decorative but also served functional purposes, including signet rings used for sealing documents and personal items. the design of roman rings varied widely, ranging from simple bands to more elaborate pieces featuring gemstones, intaglios, or raised motifs. the variety in styles and materials reflected the wearer\u2019s social status, with wealthier romans opting for rings made from precious metals and adorned with engraved stones, while lower-class individuals might have worn more modest versions made of bronze or iron. \n \n signet rings were among the most iconic roman ring types, featuring engraved designs that could be pressed into wax to mark official documents or identify their owner. these rings were often personalized with family crests, deities, or mythological figures, acting as both a signature and a symbol of power. roman citizens would wear these rings on their right hand, using them in legal and personal matters. the designs on these signet rings often included powerful imagery, such as representations of gods like jupiter or mars, or symbols related to roman identity and family heritage. rings of this kind also served to demonstrate the social prestige of the wearer, with patricians and equestrians using their rings to assert their status within roman society. \n \n roman rings also held deep personal and symbolic meanings, particularly in the context of marriage and loyalty. marriage rings, often simple gold bands, were used as symbols of commitment, much like modern wedding rings. some rings were also associated with religious or spiritual beliefs, featuring inscriptions or symbols meant to provide protection, invoke divine favor, or commemorate a significant event such as a victory in battle."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"87","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting a deer and a tree"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17941/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.978Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17941,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17942/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17942/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet wiht inscription 'αγορου' \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 32 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek sling bullets, also known as sphendone or sphendonai, were small, spherical projectiles used in ancient warfare, primarily by infantry soldiers known as slingers. these bullets, made of materials such as stone, lead, or fired clay, were designed to be hurled from a sling, a weapon that allowed soldiers to launch projectiles with great force and accuracy. the use of slings in greek warfare dates back to at least the 5th century bce, with slingers playing a significant role in battles, particularly in sieges or skirmishes. the bullets were typically around the size of a modern golf ball, and their round shape helped to ensure a streamlined trajectory when slung at high speeds. \n \n the primary function of greek sling bullets was to cause injury or disruption to enemy forces, with their weight and velocity allowing them to penetrate armor or strike vulnerable spots on the body. these bullets could be used in rapid, successive shots, overwhelming enemies with the constant barrage of projectiles. the materials chosen for the bullets, such as lead, were relatively inexpensive and easy to produce, making them an effective option for large-scale warfare. archaeological finds of greek sling bullets, especially those made of lead, often bear inscriptions or symbols, suggesting that they were personalized for particular military units or even used as propaganda tools, marking the identity of the wielding army. \n \n in addition to their military use, greek sling bullets have been found at various ancient sites, offering valuable insights into ancient weaponry and the logistics of warfare. inscriptions on some lead bullets indicate their use by specific city-states, highlighting the importance of slingers in the greek military structure. the mass production of these bullets in foundries and workshops suggests that they were standard issue for many armies. some sling bullets have also been discovered in the context of sieges, where they were used to harass defenders or inflict damage on enemy fortifications."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"88","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with inscription"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17942/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.425Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17942,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17943/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17943/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17943/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp depicting a monogrammatic cross, type bussière e ix 31 - atlante x a1 a \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: christian \n \n period: 5th - 7th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 46 mm x 76 mm x 125 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n parallel: ennabli, a., lampes chrétiennes de tunisie (musées du bardo et de carthage), pl. xv, fig. 1025 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a christian oil lamp with a monogrammatic cross is a significant artifact from the early christian period, typically dating from the 3rd to 5th centuries ce. these lamps were used for both practical and symbolic purposes, providing light in homes, churches, and tombs. the oil lamps were usually made of terracotta, clay, or sometimes metal, and their design often incorporated christian symbols, including the monogrammatic cross, which was a representation of christ. the monogram, typically formed by overlapping the greek letters \"xp\" (for \"christos\"), was a popular christian symbol during the late roman empire and early christian period, signifying both the divinity and humanity of jesus christ. \n \n the monogrammatic cross on these oil lamps was more than just decorative; it had deep religious significance. early christians, who often faced persecution, used subtle symbols such as this cross to identify each other and to convey their faith without drawing unwanted attention. the monogram itself became a powerful and widely recognized symbol of christ, sometimes also combined with other christian motifs like the fish (ichthys) or the good shepherd. the presence of these symbols on everyday objects like oil lamps reflects how christianity was integrated into daily life, even in times when the faith was not officially recognized by the roman empire. \n \n these lamps were often found in christian burial sites, where they were used not only for practical purposes but also to symbolize the eternal light of christ and the promise of resurrection. many early christian tombs featured oil lamps as offerings to illuminate the path to the afterlife. in addition to their liturgical and funerary roles, they were used during worship services, especially in house churches, where lighting and symbols of faith were crucial for creating a sacred atmosphere."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"89","title":{"es":"christian oil lamp depicting a monogrammatic cross, type bussière e ix 31 - atlante x a1 a"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17943/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.426Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17943,"dimensions":{"depth":12.5},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17944/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17944/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17944/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17944/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17944/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos with barbotine decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 82 mm x 123 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, w.f., acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman skyphos is a type of deep, two-handled drinking cup that was widely used during the roman period, particularly for consuming wine or other beverages. the barbotine decoration, a technique involving the application of a raised, three-dimensional decoration to the surface of the pottery, is one of the most distinctive features found on certain roman skyphoi. this method, often used on pottery produced between the 1st and 3rd centuries ce, involved applying a slip (liquid clay) onto the surface of the vessel, which was then shaped or carved to create designs that stood out from the background. barbotine decoration on skyphoi commonly featured motifs inspired by greek and roman mythology, nature, or abstract patterns, which were skillfully crafted to enhance the visual appeal of the vessel. \n \n the barbotine technique was highly valued for its ability to add texture and depth to the decoration, making these skyphoi visually striking and unique compared to more simple, smooth ceramic forms. the raised motifs often took the form of floral patterns, animal figures, or mythological scenes, with some skyphoi displaying intricate depictions of deities, such as dionysus, the god of wine, or scenes of everyday roman life. these decorative elements were not merely ornamental but served as a reflection of the cultural and social status of their owners. wealthy romans, who could afford such finely decorated objects, often used these vessels during symposia (banquets), as the drinking cups themselves became symbols of luxury and refinement."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"90","title":{"es":"roman skyphos with barbotine decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17944/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:29.427Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17944,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":500,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17945/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17945/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17945/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17945/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17945/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: stamp seal depicting a prancing bull with young. a lunar crescent and floral motifs in the exergue. likely a depiction of baal-milkom. \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: iron age, ammonite \n \n period: 7th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 16 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex museum exhibiton of the arbeitsgruppe für biblische archäologie, germany (deaccession) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n this seal offers a unique insight into the religious and cultural practices of the ammonites, an ancient semitic people who inhabited the region of modern-day jordan. the central motif of a prancing bull and its young is highly significant, as the bull was often associated with strength, fertility, and divine power in various ancient near eastern cultures. in the context of the ammonite seal, this image is likely symbolic of the chief deity baal-milkom, a god of war, fertility, and agriculture, commonly revered in the ancient levant. \n \n the presence of the lunar crescent in the composition is also noteworthy, as lunar symbolism was prevalent in the religious iconography of many ancient civilizations. in the near east, the moon was often associated with divinity, timekeeping, and agricultural cycles. the crescent could be a reference to the moon god, possibly linked with the ammonite deity or perhaps serving as an emblem of cosmic order. the lunar crescent in combination with the bull suggests a connection between earthly fertility and divine, celestial forces. this duality is not uncommon in ancient near eastern religious symbolism, where deities representing natural elements often had their cosmic counterparts. \n \n floral motifs in the exergue, or lower section of the seal, further reinforce the theme of fertility and natural abundance. plants and flowers were frequently used in iconography to symbolize life, renewal, and the cycle of growth. in the case of the ammonite seal, these motifs likely serve to enhance the image of baal-milkom\u2019s influence over nature and fertility. it is possible that the floral designs were also intended to invoke protection, prosperity, and divine blessings, which were central concerns in the everyday lives of the ammonites, particularly for those involved in agriculture or seeking favor from their deities. \n \n this stamp seal, likely used as a personal or administrative tool, would have been an important object for the ammonite elite or priests, signifying both personal authority and religious devotion. seals like this were commonly employed for impressing marks on clay or wax to authenticate documents, gifts, or ceremonial items. the detailed iconography not only reflects the ammonites' religious beliefs but also their artistic skills and the cultural interactions with neighboring societies such as the israelites, phoenicians, and other levantine peoples."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"91","title":{"es":"iron age, ammonite stamp seal depicting prancing bull with young, likely a depicting of baal-milkom, ex museum"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17945/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":500,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.192Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac600 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17945,"estimateMin":600},{"startPrice":150,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17946/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17946/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17946/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17946/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17946/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17946/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl fragment with decoration and maker's mark \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 90 mm x 195 mm \n \n condition: good condition, fragmentary \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et légendes (1989), ex private collection, j.p., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman terra sigillata vessels were highly prized in the roman world, particularly during the 1st and 2nd centuries ce, and played a crucial role in both domestic and social settings. this fine, red-glossed pottery was made using a slip technique that gave it a smooth, shiny finish, a characteristic that made it distinct from other types of roman pottery. the production of terra sigillata was centralized in various regions, with major workshops in places like arretium (modern arezzo) in italy, and later in gaul (modern france) and the eastern provinces of the roman empire. these vessels, which included bowls, plates, cups, and pitchers, were used for dining and drinking, and they often featured intricate designs, including stamped or molded patterns depicting mythological figures, gods, and everyday scenes. \n \n the popularity of terra sigillata was not just due to its aesthetic appeal but also its practical advantages. the glossy finish made these vessels easier to clean, and the durability of the material made them suitable for regular use. terra sigillata vessels were often found in roman homes, baths, military forts, and even in tombs, which underscores their widespread use and value. in some cases, these vessels served as status symbols, as their production required specialized skills, and the designs were sometimes personalized to reflect the owner's identity or preferences. the vessels' standardized production allowed for wide distribution throughout the empire, facilitating trade and economic connections across vast regions. \n \n in addition to their everyday utility, terra sigillata vessels also played a significant role in roman culture and society. they were frequently used during banquets, or convivia, where they symbolized roman luxury and refinement. the decorated surfaces of these vessels often depicted themes of roman leisure, including gladiatorial combat, mythological tales, or scenes of drinking and revelry, all of which reflected the cultural values of the time."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"92","title":{"es":"roman bowl fragment with decoration and maker's mark"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17946/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":150,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.196Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17946,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17947/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17947/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17947/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17947/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17947/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17947/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: antefix with palmette decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 193 mm x 150 mm x 90 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek antefixes were decorative architectural elements used primarily in the decoration of the eaves of buildings, particularly temples, homes, and other public structures. these terracotta ornaments were affixed to the ends of the roof tiles, creating a finished look while also serving to protect the roof from weather damage. antefixes typically featured intricate designs, often reflecting mythological themes, deities, or symbolic motifs. the palmette, a stylized representation of a palm or flower, was one of the most common decorative patterns seen on greek antefixes, especially during the archaic and classical periods. its use symbolized fertility, rebirth, and prosperity, concepts deeply embedded in greek religious and cultural beliefs. \n \n the palmette decoration on greek antefixes was typically arranged in a fan-like shape, with radiating petals or leaves, creating an aesthetically pleasing and harmonious pattern. this motif was not just decorative but also had symbolic meaning, often associated with life-giving forces and divine protection. in the context of greek architecture, the palmette was a common motif in various decorative elements, from vases and pottery to friezes and temple decorations. its presence on antefixes could be interpreted as a symbolic invitation of divine favor or protection for the building and its inhabitants. the use of such motifs on the exterior of sacred and civic buildings underscored the importance of religion and the gods in the lives of the ancient greeks. \n \n in addition to its symbolic and aesthetic functions, the palmette-decorated antefix also played a practical role in protecting the integrity of the building. the protruding, ornate shapes helped to secure the roof tiles in place, preventing rainwater from seeping into the structure. archaeological finds of these antefixes, particularly from temples and public buildings in regions like athens, delos, and corinth, highlight their importance in greek architectural design. the palmette, as part of the antefix, became a symbol not only of artistic sophistication but also of the greeks' ability to blend form and function in their monumental architecture."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"93","title":{"es":"greek antefix with palmette decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17947/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.198Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17947,"dimensions":{"depth":9},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17948/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17948/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17948/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17948/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17948/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17948/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 188 mm x 110 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs were versatile vessels used for storing, pouring, and serving liquids, particularly in domestic and ceremonial contexts. made from materials such as terracotta, glass, or metal, roman jugs were commonly used for liquids like wine, water, oil, and vinegar. these jugs were essential components of roman tableware and storage solutions, reflecting the advanced ceramic production techniques of the empire. the design of roman jugs varied widely, with some featuring simple, utilitarian forms, while others were more elaborate, adorned with decorative motifs, and designed to serve as both functional and status-symbolizing objects. the shape of the jug was typically characterized by a rounded body, a long neck, and a handle, often with a spout for controlled pouring. \n \n one of the most common types of roman jugs was the oenochon, which was specifically designed for holding and serving wine. these jugs were often found in roman homes, villas, and public bathhouses, where wine played a central role in daily life and social gatherings. some jugs were crafted with intricate reliefs or painted scenes, which could range from mythological depictions to representations of daily roman life. the use of color and texture in the decoration of jugs was not just artistic; it also reflected the status and wealth of the owner. wealthier romans would commission more decorative jugs made from higher-quality materials, often featuring gilding or enamel work, while more common versions were simpler but no less functional. \n \n roman jugs also had a significant role in religious and funerary practices. in domestic shrines or temples, jugs were used to store offerings of liquids to the gods, often as part of libation rituals. these vessels were also frequently found in tombs, sometimes buried with the deceased as offerings or to ensure the continued provision of liquids in the afterlife. some jugs, particularly those made from glass, reflect the technological advances in roman glassmaking, showing the skill and innovation of roman artisans."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"94","title":{"es":"roman jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17948/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.204Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17948,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17949/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17949/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17949/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17949/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: reliquary cross (encolpion) with inscription and decoration \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 89 mm x 48 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the byzantine pendant encolpion, also known as an enkolpion or encolpion, was a type of religious pendant worn by members of the byzantine clergy and devout christians. these pendants typically took the form of small metal containers, often made of gold, silver, or bronze, and were worn suspended from a chain around the neck. the encolpion served as a portable reliquary or shrine, containing sacred relics, such as bone fragments of saints, pieces of the true cross, or holy oil, believed to possess healing or protective powers. \n \n byzantine pendant encolpia were intricately crafted and often adorned with elaborate designs, including religious symbols, scenes from the life of christ or the saints, and inscriptions in greek or latin. they were considered objects of veneration and devotion, serving as tangible reminders of the wearer's faith and piety. the encolpion played a significant role in byzantine religious rituals and practices, serving as a focal point for prayer, meditation, and spiritual contemplation. \n \n the use of byzantine pendant encolpia reflects the byzantine empire's rich tradition of religious art and devotion. these pendants served as personal talismans and symbols of divine protection, worn by individuals seeking spiritual guidance, healing, or divine favor."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"95","title":{"es":"byzantine reliquary cross (encolpion) with inscription and decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17949/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.980Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17949,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17950/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17950/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17950/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 109 mm x 21 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"96","title":{"es":"roman flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17950/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.208Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17950,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":340,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17951/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17951/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17951/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17951/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17951/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17951/006/006.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: shabti with hieroglyphics \n \n material: faience \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: late period, 664 - 332 b.c \n \n dimensions: 112 mm x 38 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, collector and antiquity dealer, acquired throughout this time from different collections and auctions. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n egyptian shabtis (or ushabtis) were small funerary figurines placed in tombs to serve the deceased in the afterlife. their use became widespread during the middle kingdom (c. 2000 bce) and continued through the ptolemaic period. typically made from materials such as faience, wood, stone, or pottery, shabtis were often inscribed with a version of chapter 6 of the book of the dead, which commanded them to perform agricultural or laborious tasks on behalf of the deceased. the name shabti is thought to derive from the egyptian word for \"answerer, \" as these figures were meant to respond when called upon to work in the afterlife. \n \n the number of shabtis in a burial varied over time. early examples were singular or limited, but by the new kingdom (c. 1550\u20131070 bce), tombs could contain hundreds of them, sometimes arranged in groups corresponding to the days of the year, with additional overseer figures. these figurines were commonly depicted holding agricultural tools such as hoes and seed bags, reinforcing their role as laborers in the afterlife\u2019s fields. royal and elite burials often had elaborately decorated shabtis with finely carved inscriptions, while more modest burials contained simpler versions. \n \n shabtis not only reflect egyptian religious beliefs about the afterlife but also provide insight into changes in funerary practices over time. their evolution from singular servant figures to large sets suggests an increasing concern with ensuring a well-provided afterlife. as egyptian culture came into contact with foreign influences, such as during the late period and ptolemaic rule, shabti designs incorporated elements from greek and other traditions, yet their function remained tied to the ancient egyptian concept of the afterlife as a place of eternal work and reward."},"estimateMax":750,"lotNumber":"97","title":{"es":"egyptian shabti with hieroglyphics"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17951/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"soldPrice":440,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.210Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac550 - \u20ac750","currency":"EUR","id":17951,"estimateMin":550},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17952/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17952/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17952/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17952/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, tek sing shipwreck \n \n period: 19th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 31 mm x 152 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex nagel auction, with oficial tek sing trasure labels. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the tek sing shipwreck, which occurred in february 1822, is one of the most significant maritime disasters in east asian history. the ship, a large chinese junk, was sailing from amoy (modern-day xiamen, china) to batavia (now jakarta, indonesia) when it struck a reef in the gaspar strait. the ship was carrying a cargo of over 350,000 porcelain items, silks, spices, and other goods, intended for the eastern and european markets. tragically, over 1,500 people\u2014most of them chinese immigrants\u2014drowned in the incident, with only 190 survivors. the wreck's immense loss of life has earned it the nickname \"the titanic of the east\"\u200b \n \n in 1999, the wreck of the tek sing was rediscovered by marine salvage expert michael hatcher. the site was located in the south china sea, near the islands of sumatra and java. the salvage operation uncovered an astonishing collection of porcelain artifacts, including fine blue and white porcelain from the dehua region of china. these items were carefully recovered and auctioned in germany, where they became significant pieces for collectors and scholars studying early 19th-century chinese export goods\u200b \n \n the discovery of the tek sing wreck provided invaluable insight into both maritime trade routes and chinese porcelain craftsmanship. the cargo from the ship serves as a vital historical reference, particularly for understanding the global trade of goods between china and the wider world during the early 1800s. unfortunately, the treasure of artifacts recovered from the wreck was dispersed, and the wreck site itself was destroyed during the salvage operations"},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"98","title":{"es":"chinese plate, tek sing shipwreck"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17952/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.212Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17952,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17953/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17953/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mirror \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 135 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bronze mirrors were widely used throughout the roman world from the republican period (5th\u20131st century bce) to the late empire (5th century ce). these mirrors were typically made from highly polished bronze or copper alloys, as silver mirrors were more expensive and less common. unlike modern glass mirrors, roman bronze mirrors relied on their reflective metal surface, which required frequent polishing to maintain clarity. some were simple and functional, while others were elaborately decorated, often featuring engraved designs, mythological scenes, or inscriptions on the reverse side. \n \n elaborate bronze mirrors were particularly popular among wealthy roman women, who used them as part of their personal grooming and beauty routines. many mirrors were fitted with handles made of bone, ivory, or wood, while others were compact, with folding covers to protect the reflective surface. some examples bear inscriptions or dedications, suggesting they were gifted as tokens of love, marriage, or status. the decoration on these mirrors often reflected themes associated with beauty, love, and mythology, such as venus (the goddess of love), nymphs, or scenes from romantic poetry. their artistic quality demonstrates the sophistication of roman metalworking and engraving techniques. \n \n archaeological finds of roman bronze mirrors in graves, domestic settings, and bathhouses provide insight into their social and cultural significance. mirrors were often included in burials, particularly those of women, symbolizing beauty and status in both life and the afterlife. they also reflect the roman influence on personal care and the spread of beauty practices across the empire."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"99","title":{"es":"roman mirror"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17953/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_mirrors","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.214Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17953,"dimensions":{"depth":13.5},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17954/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17954/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17954/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: gem depicting an eagle \n \n material: stone \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 13 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the eagle, as a motif, was closely associated with the roman empire, representing strength, sovereignty, and the divine favor bestowed upon the emperor. in roman iconography, the eagle was commonly seen as the emblem of jupiter, the king of the gods, and later became the symbol of the roman imperial power, particularly during the reign of augustus and subsequent emperors. these gemstones featuring the eagle were often worn as personal seals or used in official documents to authenticate the status and identity of the wearer. \n \n the representation of the eagle in roman gem engraving was highly stylized and carefully executed. typically, the eagle would be depicted with its wings spread, symbolizing its dominion over the air and its role as a messenger between the gods and humans. the bird\u2019s sharp beak and talons were emphasized, reinforcing its fierce and predatory nature. sometimes, the eagle was shown holding a thunderbolt or a laurel wreath in its talons, further connecting it to the divine realm and to the victorious nature of roman rule. these gems were not just ornamental but carried deep political and symbolic significance, often signifying loyalty to the emperor or allegiance to the roman state. \n \n the use of eagle imagery on roman gems was widespread across various periods of roman history, particularly during the height of the empire. such gems would have been worn by senators, soldiers, and imperial officials, and were also used by the emperor himself to communicate messages of power and legitimacy. the association between the eagle and the emperor\u2019s divine right to rule was a central theme in the propaganda of the roman empire, and the eagle motif served as a reminder of the emperor's connection to the gods and his role as the protector of rome and its people."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"100","title":{"es":"roman gem depicting an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17954/view","tags":["esjewelry_loosegemstones","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:24.216Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":17954,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":380,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17955/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17955/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17955/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17955/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: mortarium \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 275 mm x 290 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman mortarium pottery, also known as mortaria, were kitchen vessels essential in roman culinary practices, specifically for grinding and mixing ingredients. these shallow, wide-mouthed bowls had thick, gritty interiors\u2014usually created by embedding small, hard grit particles into the clay or using a coarse finish. this texture was ideal for crushing spices, herbs, and grains, similar to a modern mortar and pestle. often made of reddish or buff-colored clay, mortaria were designed with a pouring lip, making it easier to transfer liquid mixtures or sauces. the utilitarian design and practicality of mortaria made them a common feature in both domestic kitchens and professional food preparation areas across the roman empire. \n \n the production of mortarium pottery was highly specialized, with specific pottery workshops dedicated to their creation, and certain regions became known for their high-quality mortaria. for example, in britain, mortaria from mancetter-hartshill and oxfordshire became highly sought after and were distributed throughout the roman empire. these workshops sometimes stamped their products with potters\u2019 marks, indicating a standardized production and distribution system. the distinctive style and quality of these vessels suggest that roman consumers valued both functionality and craftsmanship, with some mortaria displaying elegant shapes and well-formed spouts. the widespread distribution of these stamped mortaria also provides archaeologists with valuable information about trade networks and the movement of goods within the roman empire."},"estimateMax":700,"lotNumber":"101","title":{"es":"roman mortarium"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17955/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":380,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:39.926Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac500 - \u20ac700","currency":"EUR","id":17955,"dimensions":{"depth":29},"estimateMin":500},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17956/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17956/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17956/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group c \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1400 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 53 mm x 142 mm x 138 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n oil lamps played a significant role in lighting and daily life during the bronze and iron ages. these lamps were simple yet effective devices consisting of a container for holding oil and a wick that would burn, providing illumination in the darkness. as technology and metallurgy advanced during the bronze and iron ages, oil lamps became more sophisticated in terms of design and materials. \n \n in the bronze age, oil lamps were often made of ceramic and had a rudimentary shape, with an oil reservoir and a spout or nozzle to hold the wick. these lamps were used in homes and places of worship, and some featured simple decorative designs. \n \n in the iron age, oil lamps saw technological and stylistic advancements. they became more elaborate, with a wider variety of designs and materials, such as bronze. these lamps often featured decorative shapes and handles for easier transportation. in addition to their practical function, some iron age oil lamps also held symbolic and ritual significance in religious and funerary contexts."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"102","title":{"es":"bronze age oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17956/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:39.928Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17956,"dimensions":{"depth":13.8},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17957/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17957/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17957/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17957/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a dolphin \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient rome, dolphins held significant symbolic meaning and were often associated with various aspects of roman life, including maritime trade, naval power, and mythology. depictions of dolphins, particularly in jewelry such as rings, were common in roman art and material culture, serving both decorative and symbolic purposes. dolphin-shaped rings were popular accessories worn by individuals of various social classes, showcasing the wearer's affinity for the sea, wealth, or personal taste. \n \n dolphin-shaped rings were crafted from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and precious gemstones, with each material conveying different messages and social statuses. gold dolphin rings, for example, were considered luxurious items reserved for the elite and symbolized wealth, status, and prosperity. silver and bronze dolphin rings were more affordable and accessible to the general populace, serving as fashionable accessories worn for everyday adornment and personal style. \n \n the dolphin motif in roman rings also carried symbolic significance beyond mere aesthetics. dolphins were often associated with the god neptune, the roman god of the sea, who was depicted riding dolphins in classical art and mythology. additionally, dolphins were believed to be creatures of good fortune and protection, and wearing a dolphin ring was thought to bring luck and safeguard the wearer from harm during sea voyages or maritime endeavors."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"103","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting a dolphin"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17957/view","tags":["esart_decorative","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.981Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17957,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17958/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17958/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17958/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17958/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17958/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17958/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp with cross \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman, christian \n \n period: 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 31 mm x 54 mm x 76 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n parallel: oziol, t., salamine de chypre. vii. les lampes du musée de chypre, pl. 39, fig. 705 to 709 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n christian oil lamps from the roman period are notable artifacts that reflect the early development of christianity and its integration into roman daily life. these lamps, made from materials like terracotta, glass, or bronze, were used to provide light and were often found in domestic and funerary contexts. unlike their pagan counterparts, christian oil lamps typically feature christian symbols and iconography, marking a significant shift in religious practices and artistic expression during the late roman empire. common christian motifs include the chi-rho (a monogram of christ), the fish symbol (ichthys), and biblical scenes or figures, which were employed to subtly indicate the owner's faith. \n \n the design and production of christian oil lamps reveal much about the transition from pagan to christian symbols in roman art. early christian lamps often incorporated traditional lamp forms but were adorned with symbols and inscriptions that reflected christian beliefs and values. this adaptation of existing forms allowed christians to practice their faith discreetly, especially during periods of persecution. as christianity became more accepted, the symbolic designs on oil lamps became more overt and elaborate, showcasing a growing confidence and influence within the roman empire. these lamps were not only practical tools for illumination but also served as expressions of faith and identity. \n \n christian oil lamps also played a role in funerary practices and early christian burials. in many cases, lamps were placed in graves or tombs as part of the burial rites, symbolizing the light of christ and the promise of eternal life. the presence of christian symbols on these lamps in funerary contexts highlights the evolving religious beliefs and the importance of christian rituals in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"104","title":{"es":"christian oil lamp with cross"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17958/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:39.930Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17958,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17959/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17959/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17959/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: unguentarium \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: hellenistic period, 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 96 mm x 43 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek unguentarium was a small, slender bottle used for storing and dispensing perfumed oils, ointments, and other precious liquids. these vessels were an essential part of daily life in ancient greece, particularly in the context of personal grooming, religious rituals, and social ceremonies. the word unguentarium comes from the latin word unguentum, meaning \"ointment\" or \"perfume, \" highlighting the vessel's primary function. typically made of glass, pottery, or occasionally metal, greek unguentaria were crafted in various sizes and shapes, often with narrow necks and small openings to facilitate controlled pouring or application of their contents. \n \n the design of the greek unguentarium was not only practical but also aesthetically pleasing. many of these vessels were decorated with intricate motifs, including floral patterns, geometric shapes, or mythological scenes. the use of these decorative elements was not merely ornamental; it reflected the social status and artistic preferences of the owner. wealthier individuals could afford more finely crafted unguentaria, often made of glass and adorned with detailed designs, while less expensive versions were made of terracotta or simple glass. the importance of these vessels in greek culture is evident in the frequent depictions of unguentaria on pottery, in sculptures, and in tombs, highlighting their role in both daily life and funerary practices. \n \n unguentaria were often found in greek tombs, indicating their significance in death rituals and the afterlife. they were typically buried with the deceased to ensure that the individual would have access to the same luxuries and comforts they enjoyed in life, including the use of perfumed oils and ointments. in addition to their funerary use, unguentaria were commonly carried by travelers or used by athletes, particularly in the context of bathing and anointing the body after exercise."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"105","title":{"es":"greek unguentarium"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17959/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:39.932Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17959,"dimensions":{"depth":4.3},"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":280,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/006/006.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17960/007/007.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate with maker's mark and dolphin decoration \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 168 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et legendes (1989), ex private collection, j.p., zúrich, switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman terra sigillata plates were a hallmark of fine tableware in the roman empire, prized for their smooth, glossy surfaces and distinctive red-orange hue. this type of pottery, meaning \"stamped earth, \" was mass-produced using molds and featured decorative motifs such as geometric patterns, mythological scenes, and floral designs. originating in the late republic and flourishing during the early imperial period (1st century bce\u20133rd century ce), terra sigillata was primarily produced in regions such as arretium (modern arezzo, italy), gaul, and later in provincial centers across the empire. these plates, along with bowls and cups, were widely traded and found in domestic, military, and commercial contexts, highlighting their significance in roman dining culture. \n \n the production process of terra sigillata involved high-quality clay, careful molding techniques, and a fine slip coating that, when fired in oxidizing kilns, created the characteristic glossy finish. many plates bore makers' stamps, identifying specific workshops or potters and allowing archaeologists to trace production centers and trade routes. the designs on these plates often reflected contemporary artistic trends, including scenes from mythology, gladiatorial combat, and everyday life, making them not only functional but also decorative. the standardization of production methods enabled the mass distribution of terra sigillata, making it one of the most recognizable forms of roman pottery."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"106","title":{"es":"roman plate with maker's mark and dolphin decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17960/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":280,"soldPrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:39.934Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17960,"dimensions":{"depth":16.8},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17961/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17961/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17961/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17961/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17961/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 23 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets were small, often highly stylized objects believed to possess protective and fertility-related powers. these amulets were commonly worn as jewelry or carried as charms, particularly by men, as a means of warding off the evil eye or any form of malevolent influence. the phallus, as a symbol, was deeply embedded in roman culture, representing not only fertility and virility but also good luck and protection from harm. these amulets were made from various materials, including bronze, silver, or terracotta, and were typically shaped as a stylized or exaggerated form of the male genitalia, often accompanied by other symbols such as horns or a hand raised in a gesture of protection. \n \n the use of phallic amulets in the roman world had both public and private aspects. in private contexts, they were often worn by individuals to ensure personal health, fertility, or success in love and marriage. they were also seen as a defense against envy or jealousy, especially from rivals or ill-wishers. in public contexts, such amulets were sometimes displayed in homes, marketplaces, or workshops, serving as a sign of good fortune and the safeguarding of prosperity. the phallus was also associated with the god priapus, a deity of fertility, gardens, and agricultural prosperity, and many phallic amulets were dedicated to him as a form of invocatory charm for increased harvests and general well-being. \n \n phallic amulets were widespread throughout the roman empire, especially in the regions of italy, gaul, and north africa, reflecting a shared belief in the power of this symbol across the empire's diverse cultures. they were commonly found in archaeological sites related to domestic and commercial activities, including homes, bathhouses, and marketplaces. in addition to their practical and symbolic purposes, the presence of phallic amulets in roman graves suggests their role in ensuring a safe journey to the afterlife and continued protection beyond death."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"107","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17961/view","directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:13:13.255Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17961,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17962/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17962/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17962/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17962/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: amulet depicting diana \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 33 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et légemdes (1989), ex private collection, j.p., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman diana amulets were small, portable objects bearing the image or symbol of diana, the roman goddess of the hunt, the moon, and wild animals. diana was one of the most widely worshipped deities in roman religion, associated with nature, fertility, and protection. as a goddess who was believed to have the power to safeguard women and children, as well as to offer protection in the wild and during childbirth, diana was a popular figure to invoke for various forms of protection. the amulets dedicated to her were often worn for personal protection or as a symbol of devotion, ensuring that the wearer would benefit from her blessings and protection, particularly from dangers related to the wilderness, health, and childbirth. \n \n the design of roman diana amulets was highly varied, depending on the material used and the intended use of the amulet. many amulets depicted diana in her traditional form, often shown with a bow and arrow, accompanied by a stag or hunting dog. this imagery reinforced her role as a protector of the wilderness and a symbol of independence and strength. other amulets featured her symbolically, represented by simple motifs such as the crescent moon or a stag, which were associated with her as a lunar and huntress deity. these amulets were typically crafted from materials such as bronze, silver, or glass and were worn as necklaces, rings, or as pendants on bracelets, often by women or children seeking her protection. \n \n diana amulets were especially significant in roman society, as they were believed to offer both personal and spiritual benefits. for women, diana was seen as a guardian of fertility and childbirth, and her amulets were worn by expectant mothers or women seeking to become pregnant. these amulets were also used by individuals involved in outdoor activities or those who worked with animals, as diana's power was linked to safety in the wilderness. additionally, the use of diana amulets extended beyond personal protection; they were often used in funerary contexts, where they were placed in graves to ensure the protection of the deceased in the afterlife. by invoking diana's presence through these small, personal items, romans sought to connect with the goddess\u2019s power, bringing her blessings into their everyday lives and ensuring their safety, fertility, and well-being."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"108","title":{"es":"roman amulet depicting diana"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17962/view","directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T17:24:31.773Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17962,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17963/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17963/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17963/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17963/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a bird \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 21 mm \n \n condition: broken \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were a widespread form of personal adornment in the roman world, worn by individuals of all social classes and carrying both aesthetic and symbolic significance. these rings, made from materials such as gold, silver, bronze, and iron, were not only decorative but also served functional purposes, including signet rings used for sealing documents and personal items. the design of roman rings varied widely, ranging from simple bands to more elaborate pieces featuring gemstones, intaglios, or raised motifs. the variety in styles and materials reflected the wearer\u2019s social status, with wealthier romans opting for rings made from precious metals and adorned with engraved stones, while lower-class individuals might have worn more modest versions made of bronze or iron. \n \n signet rings were among the most iconic roman ring types, featuring engraved designs that could be pressed into wax to mark official documents or identify their owner. these rings were often personalized with family crests, deities, or mythological figures, acting as both a signature and a symbol of power. roman citizens would wear these rings on their right hand, using them in legal and personal matters. the designs on these signet rings often included powerful imagery, such as representations of gods like jupiter or mars, or symbols related to roman identity and family heritage. rings of this kind also served to demonstrate the social prestige of the wearer, with patricians and equestrians using their rings to assert their status within roman society. \n \n roman rings also held deep personal and symbolic meanings, particularly in the context of marriage and loyalty. marriage rings, often simple gold bands, were used as symbols of commitment, much like modern wedding rings. some rings were also associated with religious or spiritual beliefs, featuring inscriptions or symbols meant to provide protection, invoke divine favor, or commemorate a significant event such as a victory in battle."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"109","title":{"es":"roman ring depicting a bird"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17963/view","directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:14:14.971Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17963,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17964/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17964/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17964/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17964/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: chinese, ca mau shipwreck \n \n period: 18th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 117 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex sotheby's, amsterdam, junuary 2007 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the ca mau wreck, discovered off the southern coast of vietnam near the ca mau peninsula, is an important historical site linked to maritime trade in the early 18th century. in 1998, local fishermen accidentally discovered the wreckage, which led to extensive excavations by the vietnamese government. the ship, believed to have been en route from guangzhou to batavia (modern-day jakarta), sank around 1725 after a severe fire onboard. over 130,000 artifacts were recovered, mostly chinese porcelain, which provides insight into the global trade routes of the time\u200b. \n \n artifacts from the wreck suggest it was part of the vast porcelain trade, which was a key aspect of inter-asian and european commerce. the majority of the ceramics recovered were made in china, particularly from renowned production centers like jingdezhen. this included blue-and-white porcelain, teacups, and various decorative items. the ca mau wreck is especially significant because it illustrates the growing demand for chinese ceramics in europe, particularly during the reign of the yongzheng emperor (1723\u20131735), a period when porcelain export reached new heights\u200b. \n \n the wreck's discovery has shed light on the broader historical context of vietnam's role in maritime trade networks, especially as a key point in the movement of goods between east asia and europe. additionally, this site has been crucial in understanding the complex interactions among the dutch east india company, private traders, and other international players during the 18th century\u200b."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"110","title":{"es":"chinese plate, cau mau shipwreck, ex sotheby's"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17964/view","tags":["esinternational_chinese","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:39.935Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17964,"dimensions":{"depth":11.7},"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17965/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17965/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17965/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17965/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with falcon headed deity flanking a crude cartouche \u201cmenkheperre\u201d (thutmose iii) \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: post-ramesside, 1000 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 12 mm x 9 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations. \n \n thutmose iii, often referred to as the napoleon of egypt, was one of the most illustrious pharaohs of the new kingdom, reigning from approximately 1479 to 1425 bce. he ascended to the throne after the death of his stepmother, hatshepsut, although he had been co-regent with her for several years. thutmose iii's reign is marked by his military prowess, administrative reforms, and ambitious construction projects. he is credited with expanding egypt\u2019s empire to its greatest territorial extent, stretching from nubia in the south to the euphrates river in the north, significantly increasing egypt\u2019s influence and wealth. his military campaigns, especially the famous battle of megiddo, solidified his reputation as a skilled strategist and warrior, and he brought back vast amounts of tribute, enriching the egyptian state. \n \n in addition to his military achievements, thutmose iii was a prolific builder and patron of the arts. he undertook numerous construction projects, including the enlargement of the temple of amun at karnak, where he also commissioned an impressive set of records known as the annals of thutmose iii. these records were inscribed on the walls of the temple, detailing his military campaigns and the tribute he received from conquered territories. he also built several temples and monuments across egypt, further solidifying his legacy as a great ruler. thutmose iii\u2019s contributions to egyptian religion and statecraft were equally notable, as he implemented several reforms to strengthen the monarchy and enhance its central authority. \n \n thutmose iii\u2019s reign was not only a period of expansion and construction but also of cultural flourishing. under his rule, egypt enjoyed prosperity, with the king fostering a climate of intellectual and artistic innovation. the king was also a patron of the arts, commissioning statues, reliefs, and inscriptions that celebrated his military victories and divine status. thutmose iii\u2019s legacy is also reflected in his funerary monument, the tomb of thutmose iii in the valley of the kings, and his mummified remains, which were discovered in the royal cache at deir el-bahari in 1881. his reign, marked by strategic military conquests, monumental construction, and cultural achievements, left a lasting impact on egyptian history and established him as one of the greatest pharaohs of the new kingdom."},"estimateMax":260,"lotNumber":"111","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with falcon headed deity flanking a crude cartouche \u201cmenkheperre\u201d (thutmose iii)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17965/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.624Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac220 - \u20ac260","currency":"EUR","id":17965,"estimateMin":220},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17966/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17966/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17966/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of venus \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 136 mm x 52 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, m.h., acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n venus was a central figure in roman mythology and played a significant role in the religious and cultural practices of ancient rome. as the divine embodiment of beauty and sexual allure, venus was often depicted in the nude or partially draped, emphasizing her sensuality and femininity. statuettes of venus were commonly made from materials such as marble, bronze, or terracotta, and were often found in domestic settings, where they were used as symbols of love, protection, and fertility. these figures might also have been dedicated to venus in private worship or used in rituals to invoke her favor. \n \n roman venus statuettes often featured the goddess in a pose that emphasized her grace and beauty. one of the most famous representations is the venus pudica, a modest pose where venus is depicted covering her genitals with one hand while the other arm is extended, often holding a mirror or some other object. this stance became a standard representation of venus and other female deities in roman art. the soft, rounded features of these sculptures, combined with the subtle drapery or nude form, captured an idealized vision of feminine beauty that was central to roman ideals. these statuettes, whether full-sized or small, often conveyed both divine power and personal allure, reflecting venus's association with love, romance, and desire. \n \n the presence of venus statuettes in roman homes and public spaces reflects the widespread reverence for the goddess in roman society. they were used not only as decorative items but also as talismans of protection and good fortune, particularly in matters of love, marriage, and fertility. venus was often called upon in the private sphere, particularly by women seeking her blessings for a fruitful marriage or childbirth. in addition to their domestic use, venus statuettes were also found in temples dedicated to the goddess, where worshippers would present offerings to her in hopes of receiving her favor."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"112","title":{"es":"roman statuette of venus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17966/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esdecorativearts_figurines","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:51.186Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17966,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":220,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17967/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17967/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17967/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17967/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: kylix with palmettes decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 165 mm x 103 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the kylix, a shallow, broad cup with horizontal handles and a short foot, was one of the most common forms of greek pottery, valued for its practicality and elegance. palmettes, a stylized floral motif resembling the leaves of a palm tree, were a frequent decorative element in greek pottery, appearing both as primary designs and as supplementary ornamentation. on kylikes, palmettes were often arranged symmetrically, sometimes in combination with other patterns such as lotus blossoms, meanders, or tendrils, enhancing the aesthetic appeal of the vessel. \n \n the use of palmette decoration on a kylix was not merely ornamental; it also reflected broader artistic and cultural trends in greek ceramics. palmettes were a common motif in black-figure and red-figure pottery, especially during the archaic and classical periods (6th\u20134th centuries bce). in black-figure kylikes, palmettes were often painted in black glaze against the natural clay background, while in red-figure examples, the motif was created by leaving the design in the red clay color while painting the background black. these decorative elements were typically arranged in bands around the vessel's body or beneath the handles, sometimes interwoven with tendrils or scrollwork to create a continuous flowing pattern. the symmetry and repetition of the palmette motif reflected the greek appreciation for balance and harmony in art. \n \n beyond their artistic significance, kylikes with palmette decoration also carried symbolic meanings. the palmette was associated with fertility, regeneration, and divine protection, making it an appropriate motif for a drinking vessel used in symposia, where discussions of philosophy, politics, and culture took place. the kylix itself was a key object in the greek symposium, a social gathering where wine consumption was ritualized and often accompanied by music, poetry, and intellectual debate. many kylikes, including those adorned with palmettes, were also dedicated as votive offerings in sanctuaries or placed in graves, suggesting their role in both daily life and religious practice."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"113","title":{"es":"greek kylix with palmettes decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17967/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"soldPrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:51.189Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":17967,"dimensions":{"depth":10.3},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17968/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17968/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17968/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17968/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17968/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: reliquary cross \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: byzantine \n \n period: 10th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 35 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a byzantine cross is a significant religious symbol from the byzantine empire, reflecting the deep influence of christianity in the region from the 4th to the 15th century. byzantine crosses were crafted in a variety of forms, including simple latin crosses, elaborate reliquary crosses, and the distinctive double-barred patriarchal cross. these crosses were made from materials such as bronze, silver, and gold, often adorned with enamel, gemstones, or intricate engravings. many were worn as pendants for personal devotion, believed to offer spiritual protection to the wearer. the cross, as the central symbol of christian faith, played a crucial role in byzantine religious art, appearing in icons, mosaics, and church architecture, reinforcing its significance in both personal and public expressions of faith. \n \n the decoration of byzantine crosses was often rich with christian iconography, including images of christ, the virgin mary, angels, and saints. some crosses featured inscriptions in greek, such as ic xc nika (\"jesus christ conquers\"), emphasizing the power of christ over sin and death. others bore intricate carvings of biblical scenes, reinforcing the connection between the cross and the salvation of humanity. one particularly notable type was the enkolpion, a reliquary cross worn by clergy or laypeople, which often contained small relics of saints or fragments of the true cross. these sacred objects were not only symbols of faith but also served as protective amulets, believed to grant divine favor to their owners. \n \n byzantine crosses were highly valued in both religious and political contexts. emperors and church leaders used them as symbols of divine authority, and they played a role in imperial ceremonies and military victories. the cross was prominently displayed in byzantine churches, reinforcing the empire\u2019s commitment to orthodox christianity. even after the fall of constantinople in 1453, the byzantine cross remained an enduring symbol in eastern orthodox christianity, influencing the religious art and practices of later orthodox communities."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"114","title":{"es":"byzantine cross"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17968/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_silver","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:51.191Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17968,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":190,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17969/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17969/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: silenus head applique \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex south german private collection., acquired in 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n silenus was a prominent figure in roman mythology, inherited from greek traditions, where he was closely associated with the god bacchus (dionysus). depicted as an older, bearded satyr with a rotund body and a jovial, often inebriated demeanor, silenus was considered a wise but indulgent companion of bacchus. he was known for his drunkenness, love of music, and prophetic abilities, often sharing profound wisdom when intoxicated. roman representations of silenus appeared in various forms, including statues, reliefs, mosaics, and decorative objects such as bronze figurines or oil lamps, where he was typically shown reclining, riding a donkey, or holding a drinking vessel. \n \n in roman art, silenus was frequently depicted in bacchic processions, surrounded by satyrs, maenads, and other followers of bacchus. these scenes, often found on sarcophagi, frescoes, and mosaics, symbolized themes of revelry, abundance, and the cycle of life and death. his figure was also popular in decorative household items, such as furniture ornaments and drinking vessels, reinforcing his connection to banquets and feasting. some roman depictions of silenus took on a more philosophical aspect, portraying him as a sage-like figure who, despite his drunkenness, possessed deep knowledge about the nature of existence. his association with bacchus made him an important character in roman religious festivals, where processions and theatrical performances honored the god of wine. \n \n beyond artistic and religious contexts, silenus also had a cultural and symbolic role in roman society. his wisdom, often revealed when intoxicated, reflected a paradoxical view of truth emerging from chaos, a theme explored in literature and philosophical discussions. roman authors such as ovid and virgil referenced silenus in their works, emphasizing his dual nature as both a comic and prophetic figure. his imagery persisted in roman art and continued to influence later artistic traditions, appearing in renaissance and baroque depictions of bacchic revelry."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"115","title":{"es":"roman silenus head applique"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17969/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":190,"soldPrice":260,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:51.192Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17969,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":240,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17970/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17970/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17970/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sole of a shoe with hobnail holes \n \n material: leather \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 200 mm x 67 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: british museum collection, accession number 1856,0701.7247, 1856,0701.1045, 1856,0701.7235 and 1856,0701.7237 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the soles from the roman period represents a common feature of roman military and civilian footwear, particularly the caligae, the heavy-duty sandals worn by roman soldiers. hobnails were small metal studs or nails inserted into the soles of shoes to provide extra durability, traction, and protection, especially for those who frequently marched on rough terrain. the soles of roman shoes were typically made from thick layers of leather, into which these nails were driven, creating a robust and long-lasting sole. hobnails not only prevented excessive wear but also improved grip, making them essential for soldiers who had to navigate diverse landscapes during campaigns. \n \n in terms of construction, the hobnails were inserted from the inside of the shoe, with their heads secured within the leather to prevent discomfort for the wearer. the nails\u2019 pointed ends protruded through the outer surface of the sole, forming a grid-like pattern. these shoes, with their studded soles, became iconic of the roman military and are often depicted in roman art and statues. civilians, too, used hobnailed shoes, particularly those who worked in agriculture or traveled long distances, where the enhanced durability was essential for daily life. excavations at military camps and roman settlements frequently uncover these soles, with the distinctive pattern of hobnail holes still visible. \n \n hobnail shoes not only had a practical function but also carried symbolic and tactical significance in the roman period. for soldiers, the sound of hobnailed boots\u2014often described as a clattering or stomping noise\u2014became a symbol of roman military presence and power. the sound alone could instill fear in enemies. additionally, the tough soles protected soldiers\u2019 feet during long marches, allowing the roman legions to cover vast distances more effectively. archaeological finds of these shoes, particularly at battlefields and military forts, provide valuable insights into roman military life, showing how practical innovations like hobnail soles contributed to the strength and mobility of rome\u2019s armies."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"116","title":{"es":"roman sole of a shoe with hobnail holes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17970/view","tags":["esfashion_shoes","esfashion_all","esfashion"],"directSalePrice":240,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:46.627Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17970,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17971/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17971/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: seleucid empire \n \n period: battle against the hasmoneans, 138 b.c \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 16 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 08.99.16\u2013.17. \n mazis m., wright n.l., archers, antiochos vii sidetes, and the arrowheads, p. 207, fig. a to d. \n t. ariel, d., archaeological evidence for the siege of jerusalem by antiochus vii sidetes, p. 241-242 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n antiochos vii sidetes, a king of the seleucid empire, ruled from 138 to 129 bce. he is often remembered for attempting to restore the waning power of the seleucid state, which had been severely weakened by internal strife and external threats. after ascending to the throne, antiochos vii set his sights on reclaiming territories lost to rival factions, including the judean kingdom led by the hasmonean dynasty. his campaign against the hasmoneans, a jewish ruling family that had established a semi-independent state, was part of his broader strategy to reassert seleucid dominance over the region. \n \n the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans reached a peak during his siege of jerusalem in 134 bce. at this time, john hyrcanus, the hasmonean ruler, was consolidating his power in judea after the death of his father, simon maccabeus. despite their initial resistance, the hasmoneans were forced to negotiate with antiochos vii, who had superior military strength. the siege concluded with a compromise: the hasmoneans retained some level of autonomy, but they were required to pay tribute and acknowledge seleucid authority. this outcome demonstrated antiochos vii\u2019s pragmatic approach to dealing with rebellious territories. \n \n however, antiochos vii's successes in judea were short-lived. he soon launched an ambitious campaign against the parthians, who posed a significant threat to the eastern borders of the seleucid empire. this campaign ended in disaster, as antiochos vii was killed in 129 bce. his death marked the effective end of seleucid influence in judea, allowing the hasmoneans to further consolidate their power and eventually gain full independence. the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans symbolizes the decline of the seleucid empire and the rise of the hasmonean dynasty in the region."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"117","title":{"es":"seleucid arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17971/view","directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:19:46.173Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17971,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17972/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17972/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17972/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17972/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17972/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 70 mm x 252 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1960 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek plates were an essential part of ancient greek pottery, used for both practical dining purposes and ceremonial offerings. these plates, typically made of terracotta, were produced in various shapes and sizes, often with shallow profiles and slightly raised rims. they were commonly decorated using black-figure and red-figure techniques, particularly during the archaic and classical periods (6th\u20134th centuries bce). some plates were left undecorated for everyday use, while others featured intricate painted designs depicting mythological scenes, floral motifs, or geometric patterns. these decorated plates were often used in banquets (symposia) and religious rituals, reflecting their cultural significance beyond mere functionality. \n \n the designs on greek plates varied depending on the region and artistic period. in black-figure pottery, which flourished in the 6th century bce, figures and scenes were painted in black silhouette against the natural reddish clay background, with details incised into the surface. later, in the 5th century bce, the red-figure technique reversed this approach, allowing for more detailed and expressive depictions of human figures, gods, and everyday life. some plates also featured simpler motifs, such as meanders, palmettes, and ivy patterns, which added aesthetic appeal without overwhelming the overall design. certain workshops, such as those in athens and corinth, were renowned for their high-quality ceramic production, and their plates were widely traded across the mediterranean. \n \n beyond their decorative and functional roles, greek plates also held religious and funerary significance. they were sometimes placed in graves as offerings to the deceased or dedicated in sanctuaries as votive gifts to the gods. in some cases, plates were used in ritual feasting or libations, reinforcing their role in religious and communal activities."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"118","title":{"es":"greek plate"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17972/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:51.194Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac280 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17972,"dimensions":{"depth":25.2},"estimateMin":280},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17973/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17973/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17973/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17973/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17973/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bottle \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 200 mm x 105 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1960 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman north african bottles were a distinctive category of ceramic and glass vessels produced in the provinces of roman africa, particularly in regions such as modern-day tunisia, algeria, and libya. these bottles, often made from terracotta or blown glass, were used for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and wine. north africa was a major center of roman ceramic production, known for its fine red-slipped pottery (african red slip ware), and many bottles from this region featured high-quality craftsmanship with smooth surfaces and decorative elements. glass bottles, produced using advanced roman glassblowing techniques, were also widely distributed, showcasing both practical utility and aesthetic refinement. \n \n the design of north african bottles varied depending on their intended function. ceramic bottles were often small, with a rounded or globular body and a narrow neck, ideal for pouring liquids in controlled amounts. some examples featured intricate stamped or incised decorations, including geometric motifs, floral patterns, or even christian symbols in later periods. glass bottles, on the other hand, were typically more translucent and could be molded or free-blown into elegant shapes, sometimes with fluted or ribbed decorations. these vessels were produced in specialized workshops that catered to both local and export markets, reflecting the economic significance of north african pottery and glassware in the roman empire. \n \n roman north african bottles were widely traded across the mediterranean, found in archaeological sites as far as italy, spain, and the eastern provinces. their presence in both domestic and funerary contexts suggests their importance in daily life, as well as in ritual or religious practices. many of these bottles were used to store perfumes or scented oils, which were valuable commodities in roman society for personal grooming and religious offerings."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"119","title":{"es":"roman bottle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17973/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:51.196Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":17973,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17974/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17974/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17974/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17974/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17974/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bracelet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 67 mm x 73 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, london, acquired from art market before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman bracelets were popular accessories worn by men, women, and even children across various social classes throughout the roman empire. these bracelets, made from a range of materials including gold, silver, bronze, glass, and iron, were both decorative and symbolic. wealthier romans favored bracelets made of precious metals and gemstones, which displayed their social status and wealth, while those of more modest means wore simpler versions made of bronze or iron. some bracelets were adorned with intricate designs, engraved patterns, and inlays of glass or colored stones, reflecting the roman love for beauty and craftsmanship in personal adornment. \n \n designs of roman bracelets varied widely, often reflecting cultural influences from the diverse regions within the empire. some bracelets featured open-ended designs with stylized animal heads, such as lions, snakes, or eagles, each carrying symbolic meaning, while others were fully enclosed with elaborate detailing. snake-shaped bracelets, for example, were quite popular and symbolized protection and healing, as the serpent was associated with the god asclepius. other bracelets bore inscriptions or engraved symbols, possibly functioning as talismans or amulets believed to bring good luck, health, or protection to the wearer. these decorative and symbolic elements illustrate the romans\u2019 appreciation for jewelry as both an art form and a source of personal meaning. \n \n bracelets were also significant in roman religious and funerary contexts. they were often left as offerings at temples or placed in graves as part of burial rites, symbolizing the individual\u2019s status or personal beliefs in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"120","title":{"es":"roman bracelet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17974/view","directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T17:24:31.794Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17974,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":80,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17975/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17975/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17975/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17975/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 34 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets were small, often highly stylized objects believed to possess protective and fertility-related powers. these amulets were commonly worn as jewelry or carried as charms, particularly by men, as a means of warding off the evil eye or any form of malevolent influence. the phallus, as a symbol, was deeply embedded in roman culture, representing not only fertility and virility but also good luck and protection from harm. these amulets were made from various materials, including bronze, silver, or terracotta, and were typically shaped as a stylized or exaggerated form of the male genitalia, often accompanied by other symbols such as horns or a hand raised in a gesture of protection. \n \n the use of phallic amulets in the roman world had both public and private aspects. in private contexts, they were often worn by individuals to ensure personal health, fertility, or success in love and marriage. they were also seen as a defense against envy or jealousy, especially from rivals or ill-wishers. in public contexts, such amulets were sometimes displayed in homes, marketplaces, or workshops, serving as a sign of good fortune and the safeguarding of prosperity. the phallus was also associated with the god priapus, a deity of fertility, gardens, and agricultural prosperity, and many phallic amulets were dedicated to him as a form of invocatory charm for increased harvests and general well-being. \n \n phallic amulets were widespread throughout the roman empire, especially in the regions of italy, gaul, and north africa, reflecting a shared belief in the power of this symbol across the empire's diverse cultures. they were commonly found in archaeological sites related to domestic and commercial activities, including homes, bathhouses, and marketplaces. in addition to their practical and symbolic purposes, the presence of phallic amulets in roman graves suggests their role in ensuring a safe journey to the afterlife and continued protection beyond death."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"121","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17975/view","directSalePrice":80,"soldPrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:21:56.134Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":17975,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17976/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17976/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17976/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: roundel with a female head \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 36 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman roundels featuring female heads were decorative medallions that held both aesthetic and symbolic significance in roman art and architecture. typically crafted from materials like marble, terracotta, bronze, or sometimes even glass, these roundels displayed portraits or idealized images of women, often representing deities, personifications, or members of the elite. the round shape allowed for a compact and harmonious design, framing the female head within a circular border that emphasized its centrality and importance. these decorative elements were used in a variety of settings, including villas, public buildings, and tombs, where they added a sense of elegance and conveyed cultural ideals of beauty, virtue, and divinity. \n \n the female heads on roman roundels were frequently idealized, embodying classical features such as symmetrical faces, serene expressions, and elaborate hairstyles. these idealized features often suggested a connection to roman goddesses like venus, the goddess of love and beauty, or juno, the queen of the gods, whose virtues and attributes the roundels sought to evoke. alternatively, the roundels could depict personifications, such as fortuna (fortune) or pax (peace), with each figure\u2019s unique iconography subtly hinting at her identity and role. hair styles were a key identifier as well, with elaborate curls or specific arrangements referencing the latest fashion trends, and sometimes even alluding to real-life noblewomen, who set these trends."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"122","title":{"es":"roman roundel with a female head"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17976/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.051Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17976,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17977/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17977/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17977/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type \u2018herodian\u2019, kennedy 3, hadad 4 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c \u2013 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 62 mm x 82 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n oil lamps used during the time of herod, which falls within the period of the second temple in ancient judea, approximately between 37 bce and 4 bce, represent a significant aspect of archaeology and material culture of the region during that era. these lamps, also known as \u201cherodian lamps, \u201d were common objects in households and places of worship of the time. \n \n oil lamps from the time of herod were typically made of ceramic or terracotta and were designed to hold oil and a wick that was lit to provide light. they often had a simple yet elegant design, with globular or oval shapes and sometimes featured decorative motifs such as geometric or floral patterns. these lamps were essential in daily life as they provided illumination in homes and were used in religious and ceremonial activities within the second temple in jerusalem."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"123","title":{"es":"roman oil lamp, type \u2018herodian\u2019, kennedy 3, hadad 4"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17977/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.055Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17977,"dimensions":{"depth":8.2},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":340,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17978/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17978/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17978/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17978/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17978/005/005.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17978/006/006.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: skyphos with graffito in form of a swastika \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 56 mm x 178 mm x 118 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, p.a., munich, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek skyphos with graffitos is a type of drinking cup that offers valuable insights into ancient greek daily life and social practices. the skyphos is a deep, two-handled cup typically used for drinking wine or other beverages. the graffitos\u2014inscriptions or drawings scratched into the surface of the pottery\u2014add a layer of personal and historical significance to these otherwise functional vessels. these inscriptions can range from simple names and dedications to more elaborate drawings and messages, providing a glimpse into the personal interactions and social customs of the period. \n \n the practice of creating graffitos on skyphoi was both an artistic and communicative act. these markings were often made by users or owners of the cups, and they can include anything from playful or humorous messages to serious or ritualistic inscriptions. the content of the graffitos can shed light on the social context in which the skyphos was used. for instance, inscriptions might reveal the names of individuals who used the cup, social interactions, or even local dialects and slang. in some cases, the graffitos might include symbols or drawings that were meaningful to the user or reflective of contemporary cultural themes. \n \n the study of graffitos on skyphoi contributes to our understanding of ancient greek culture in several ways. they provide evidence of how people interacted with their everyday objects and how they imbued these items with personal significance. additionally, these inscriptions offer insights into the literacy and artistic practices of the time, demonstrating that writing and drawing were not confined to monumental or official contexts but were also part of personal and informal communication."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"124","title":{"es":"greek skyphos with graffito in form of a swastika"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17978/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.059Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17978,"dimensions":{"depth":11.8},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17979/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17979/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17979/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: kyathos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: villanovan / early etruscan \n \n period: 8th - 7th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 85 mm x 95 mm x 115 mm \n \n condition: good condition, restored \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 2010s. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the villanovan kyathos is a type of vessel associated with the early iron age villanovan culture in italy, often considered the precursor to the etruscans. the kyathos is a ladle-like drinking or pouring vessel, typically characterized by a deep, rounded bowl and a single high handle. these vessels were crafted primarily from bronze or clay and often featured incised geometric patterns or simple decorations that were stylistically distinct from later etruscan and greek pottery. the function of the kyathos likely ranged from daily utility in communal drinking practices to ceremonial use, underscoring the villanovans' social customs and their early development of metalworking and pottery skills. \n \n villanovan kyathoi (plural for kyathos) reveal significant information about the culture's technological advancements and societal structures. early examples were often handmade and display the villanovans\u2019 proficiency in bronze-casting and clay firing. the vessel's form and decoration evolved over time, reflecting increasing contact with neighboring cultures. the designs often included geometric motifs, such as lines, triangles, and zigzags, which were likely symbolic or had aesthetic significance. these decorative elements highlight how villanovan artisans began to develop a unique artistic language that would later influence etruscan art and the broader italian peninsula's material culture. \n \n the discovery of villanovan kyathoi in burial contexts, particularly in elite graves, suggests their role in funerary practices. placing vessels like the kyathos in tombs likely symbolized the deceased's status or role in society, as well as beliefs about the afterlife and the continuation of feasting or drinking rituals. such artifacts also indicate the villanovan society\u2019s early connections to mediterranean trade networks, as they show similarities to contemporary vessels from other regions, such as greece."},"estimateMax":290,"lotNumber":"125","title":{"es":"villanovan / early etruscan kyathos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17979/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.064Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac290","currency":"EUR","id":17979,"dimensions":{"depth":11.5},"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17980/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17980/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17980/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17980/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17980/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: 'ave maria' fibula \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: medieval \n \n period: 12th - 13th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 26 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, p.f., augsburg \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the medieval ave maria fibula is a decorative and functional brooch, often inscribed with the words \u201cave maria, \u201d reflecting deep religious devotion. fibulae were widely used during the medieval period as clothing fasteners, particularly for cloaks and tunics, but they also held symbolic and protective significance. the inclusion of the ave maria inscription, a reference to the angelic salutation from the gospel of luke, suggests that these brooches served as personal amulets invoking the virgin mary\u2019s protection. made from materials such as bronze, silver, or even gold, these fibulae were sometimes further adorned with enamel, niello, or intricate engravings to enhance their devotional appeal. \n \n these fibulae were particularly popular during the high and late medieval periods, a time when marian devotion was widespread across europe. pilgrims and knights, in particular, might have worn such brooches as tangible expressions of faith, perhaps acquired during religious journeys or crusades. the ave maria inscription could also indicate an association with chivalric or monastic orders, where marian veneration played a significant role. some examples feature additional decorative elements such as crosses, floral patterns, or images of the virgin mary, reinforcing their religious symbolism. these brooches were not only personal items but also part of the broader material culture of medieval christianity, reflecting the fusion of faith and daily life."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"126","title":{"es":"medieval 'ave maria' fibula"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17980/view","directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:24:27.824Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17980,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17981/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17981/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: elamite, middle period \n \n period: 1200 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 141 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, a., acquired between 1980 - 2015. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n elamite period arrowheads, dating from roughly 2700 to 539 bce, provide valuable insights into the military practices and technological advancements of ancient elam, a civilization that flourished in what is now southwestern iran. these arrowheads, typically made of metal such as bronze or iron, were integral to elamite weaponry and warfare. the arrowheads varied in design, reflecting changes in military tactics and advancements in metallurgy over the centuries. common forms include leaf-shaped, barbed, and triangular designs, each serving different purposes in combat, such as penetrating armor or causing more severe wounds. \n \n the craftsmanship of elamite arrowheads showcases the technological expertise of the period. early elamite arrowheads were often forged from bronze and exhibited simple, functional designs. as technology progressed, there was a shift towards more sophisticated designs with improved materials, such as iron, which allowed for sharper and more durable points. this evolution in arrowhead technology reflects broader trends in ancient warfare, including the increased use of metal weaponry and the refinement of weapon-making techniques. the quality and design of these arrowheads also indicate the skill of elamite metalworkers and their ability to adapt to changing military needs. \n \n elamite period arrowheads also hold archaeological significance, as they have been found in various contexts, including battle sites, defensive structures, and burial sites. their presence in these locations helps researchers understand the scale and nature of conflicts in ancient elam. in burial contexts, arrowheads might be included as grave goods, symbolizing the warrior status of the deceased or reflecting the martial culture of the time."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"127","title":{"es":"elamite arrowhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17981/view","directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T17:24:31.799Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17981,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17982/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17982/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17982/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17982/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: jug \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 127 mm x 87 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman jugs were versatile vessels used for storing, pouring, and serving liquids, particularly in domestic and ceremonial contexts. made from materials such as terracotta, glass, or metal, roman jugs were commonly used for liquids like wine, water, oil, and vinegar. these jugs were essential components of roman tableware and storage solutions, reflecting the advanced ceramic production techniques of the empire. the design of roman jugs varied widely, with some featuring simple, utilitarian forms, while others were more elaborate, adorned with decorative motifs, and designed to serve as both functional and status-symbolizing objects. the shape of the jug was typically characterized by a rounded body, a long neck, and a handle, often with a spout for controlled pouring. \n \n one of the most common types of roman jugs was the oenochon, which was specifically designed for holding and serving wine. these jugs were often found in roman homes, villas, and public bathhouses, where wine played a central role in daily life and social gatherings. some jugs were crafted with intricate reliefs or painted scenes, which could range from mythological depictions to representations of daily roman life. the use of color and texture in the decoration of jugs was not just artistic; it also reflected the status and wealth of the owner. wealthier romans would commission more decorative jugs made from higher-quality materials, often featuring gilding or enamel work, while more common versions were simpler but no less functional. \n \n roman jugs also had a significant role in religious and funerary practices. in domestic shrines or temples, jugs were used to store offerings of liquids to the gods, often as part of libation rituals. these vessels were also frequently found in tombs, sometimes buried with the deceased as offerings or to ensure the continued provision of liquids in the afterlife. some jugs, particularly those made from glass, reflect the technological advances in roman glassmaking, showing the skill and innovation of roman artisans."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"128","title":{"es":"roman jug"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17982/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.067Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17982,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17983/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17983/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: pan head applique \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 38 mm x 30 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in roman mythology and art, pan was a rustic god associated with nature, wild animals, shepherds, and fertility. originally a deity from greek mythology, pan was later integrated into roman religious traditions, where he retained his characteristic half-man, half-goat appearance, with horns, a beard, and goat legs. he was often depicted playing his signature musical instrument, the panpipes (syrinx), which he was said to have invented. pan was a figure of both merriment and mischief, often linked to the countryside and untamed wilderness, where he was believed to dwell among shepherds and nymphs. the romans associated him with faunus, another pastoral deity, blending their attributes in religious worship and artistic representation. \n \n roman depictions of pan appeared in various forms, including statues, reliefs, mosaics, and decorative objects such as lamps and drinking vessels. he was commonly shown in revelrous scenes alongside bacchus (dionysus), satyrs, and maenads, emphasizing themes of hedonism, music, and unrestrained nature. in domestic settings, small bronze figurines of pan were popular as household decorations, likely serving both as artistic ornaments and as symbols of protection and fertility. his playful and sometimes lecherous nature also made him a frequent subject in roman frescoes and garden statuary, where he was portrayed chasing nymphs or engaging in pastoral activities. \n \n pan's presence in roman culture extended beyond art and mythology into religious practices and rituals. worship of pan, often tied to that of faunus, included rustic festivals such as the lupercalia, an ancient roman festival celebrating fertility and purification. romans also dedicated shrines to pan in wooded areas and caves, where offerings were made to invoke his favor for abundant harvests and the protection of livestock."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"129","title":{"es":"roman pan head applique"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17983/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.071Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17983,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17984/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17984/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17984/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: miniature vessel \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 33 mm x 102 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek miniature vessels were small-scale ceramic containers used for a variety of purposes, including ritual offerings, funerary practices, and personal use. these vessels, often crafted in the same shapes as their larger counterparts, such as amphorae, oinochoai (wine jugs), kylikes (cups), and lekythoi (oil flasks), demonstrated the skill of greek potters in creating finely detailed and proportioned works on a diminutive scale. miniature pottery was produced throughout different periods of greek history, from the geometric through the hellenistic era, and was typically decorated using the same techniques as full-sized vessels, including black-figure, red-figure, and simple geometric patterns. some of these vessels may have served as votive offerings in sanctuaries, dedicated to gods in exchange for divine favor. \n \n in funerary contexts, miniature vessels were often placed in graves as part of burial rituals. they may have been intended as symbolic substitutes for larger and more expensive grave goods, or as representations of offerings meant to serve the deceased in the afterlife. in some cases, miniature vessels contained traces of perfumes, oils, or other valuable substances, indicating that they may have also functioned as personal items for the deceased during their lifetime. their presence in children's graves suggests they may have been used as toys or as ritual objects meant to ensure protection in the afterlife. the widespread discovery of these small vessels across greek burial sites highlights their ritual significance and the enduring customs surrounding death and remembrance in ancient greek society. \n \n beyond religious and funerary uses, greek miniature vessels also played a role in daily life. some were likely used to hold small quantities of perfumes, cosmetics, or medicinal substances, making them practical for both men and women. others may have been made as souvenir items, particularly in regions where large sanctuaries attracted pilgrims who sought small, portable dedications. the diversity in shape, decoration, and context of miniature vessels reflects their multifaceted role in greek culture, from religious devotion to domestic utility."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"130","title":{"es":"greek miniature vessel"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17984/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:43.073Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17984,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":340,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17985/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17985/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17985/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17985/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl depicting a venatio \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 160 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, restored \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these bowls, made of fine, red-slipped pottery, were highly valued across the roman empire for their high-quality craftsmanship and intricate decorative motifs. a venatio (latin for \"hunt\") was a popular form of entertainment in roman amphitheaters, where wild animals such as lions, leopards, and boars were pitted against gladiators or hunters for public spectacle. the depiction of a venatio on north african pottery reflects the widespread fascination with these games and the artistic influence of the region, which was a major producer of decorative ceramics during the late roman period (3rd\u20136th centuries ce). \n \n the scenes on these bowls were typically molded or stamped, showcasing dynamic compositions of hunters, animals, and natural elements. in many examples, hunters are shown armed with spears or nets, engaging in combat with fierce beasts, while others display moments of triumph, with animals subdued or slain. the designs were often arranged in circular bands around the interior or exterior of the bowl, ensuring visibility when the vessel was in use. the level of detail in these depictions varied, with some bowls featuring highly stylized figures, while others showed more naturalistic representations, capturing the energy and movement of the hunt. these decorative elements not only served an aesthetic purpose but also reinforced the themes of roman power, bravery, and control over nature. \n \n beyond their artistic value, north african bowls depicting venationes offer insights into roman society and its cultural practices. they reflect the importance of spectacle and public entertainment in roman life, as well as the economic connections between north africa and the rest of the empire. the prominence of these motifs in african red slip ware suggests that they were popular among roman consumers, possibly as souvenirs or status symbols associated with the grand spectacles of the arena. many of these vessels have been found in domestic and funerary contexts, indicating that they held significance beyond mere functionality."},"estimateMax":600,"lotNumber":"131","title":{"es":"roman bowl depicting a venatio"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17985/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:45.120Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac600","currency":"EUR","id":17985,"dimensions":{"depth":16},"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17986/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17986/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17986/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17986/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were an essential part of personal adornment, serving not only as decorative jewelry but also as symbols of status, identity, and even practical function. made from a variety of materials, including gold, silver, bronze, and iron, these rings often featured engraved gemstones, intaglios, or intricate relief designs. wealthier romans wore rings adorned with precious stones such as garnet, amethyst, and carnelian, sometimes carved with deities, mythological figures, or protective symbols. rings were also used to display personal or family crests, and for those of higher social standing, they could signify official rank or political allegiance. \n \n one of the most distinctive types of roman rings was the signet ring (anulus signatorius), which bore an engraved gemstone used to seal documents with wax or clay. these rings were particularly important for merchants, officials, and elites who needed to authenticate letters and legal agreements. the engravings on these rings varied from initials and monograms to intricate scenes of gods, heroes, and animals, reflecting the personal beliefs and tastes of the wearer. some rings also bore inscriptions, including latin phrases invoking good fortune, love, or protection. in the later roman period, christian symbols such as the chi-rho or the good shepherd began appearing on rings, reflecting the growing influence of christianity in the empire. \n \n beyond their social and functional significance, roman rings also had amuletic and funerary roles. some rings were believed to offer protection against illness or misfortune, incorporating magical symbols or inscriptions. others were buried with the deceased as grave goods, signifying their personal identity or beliefs in the afterlife."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"132","title":{"es":"roman ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17986/view","directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T17:24:31.806Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17986,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":190,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17987/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17987/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17987/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17987/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: herakles club \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: etruscan \n \n period: 3rd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 70 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n herakles, known as hercules in roman mythology, was a popular figure in etruscan art and religion, often depicted with his characteristic club, lion skin, and muscular physique. the etruscans, who had strong cultural ties to the greeks, adopted herakles into their pantheon as hercle, adapting his image and mythological exploits to fit their own artistic and religious traditions. his club, a symbol of his immense strength and heroic feats, was a constant feature in etruscan representations, appearing in bronze figurines, engraved gemstones, and painted ceramics. unlike greek depictions that emphasized his role as a demi-god completing the twelve labors, etruscan art sometimes portrayed him in a more localized, protective role, highlighting his connection to divine favor and power. \n \n etruscan mirrors and engraved bronze plaques frequently featured scenes of hercle engaged in heroic struggles, often battling monsters or performing feats of strength. his club was not only an emblem of brute force but also a representation of his endurance and perseverance, qualities admired in etruscan society. some depictions show hercle interacting with other deities, such as uni (the etruscan counterpart of hera), suggesting that his role extended beyond that of a wandering hero. in temple decoration, terracotta antefixes and reliefs sometimes included images of hercle, reinforcing his status as a divine protector and a figure associated with strength and victory. \n \n the presence of herakles in etruscan funerary art further reflects his significance in their belief system. his club, sometimes placed beside him or held aloft in triumph, may have symbolized his role as a guardian of the dead or a guide to the afterlife. some tomb paintings depict scenes of combat or victory, perhaps serving as metaphors for overcoming death itself. the persistence of hercle in etruscan art and his later absorption into roman culture as hercules highlight his enduring legacy as a heroic and divine figure."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"133","title":{"es":"etruscan herakles club"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17987/view","directSalePrice":190,"soldPrice":190,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:28:24.181Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac280 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17987,"estimateMin":280},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17988/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17988/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17988/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 24 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, dr. k.b., munich, since the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools for securing locks on doors, chests, and personal items, reflecting the roman emphasis on security, privacy, and property ownership. made primarily from iron, bronze, or sometimes brass, roman keys varied in design, but they generally consisted of a long shaft with a curved or looped head that engaged with the lock mechanism. the keys were often large and heavy, particularly those used for doors or storage chests, and they were frequently carried as symbols of authority, wealth, and access. roman keys were also integral to the organization of private and public spaces, from households to temples, demonstrating how the romans valued controlled access to both physical property and private life. \n \n the design of roman keys was functional yet varied, with some keys featuring intricate, ornate designs, while others were more utilitarian. large, ornate keys were often used by the wealthy or in the context of important state or religious buildings, while smaller, simpler keys were used by ordinary citizens. the variation in size and decoration of roman keys reflects the different types of locks they were designed for, from the elaborate locking mechanisms used in villas and public buildings to simpler locks for personal use. many roman keys found in archaeological excavations bear decorative elements such as animal heads, religious symbols, or family crests, which were sometimes engraved into the head of the key, showcasing the owner\u2019s identity, status, or affiliations. \n \n in addition to their practical and decorative purposes, roman keys have an important symbolic role in roman culture. they were sometimes depicted in art, especially in funerary contexts, to signify ownership, protection, and the safeguarding of personal or family treasures."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"134","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17988/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:45.123Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17988,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17989/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17989/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17989/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group c \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1300 - 586 b.c \n \n dimensions: 46 mm x 132 mm x 138 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1975 \u2013 1990. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n oil lamps played a significant role in lighting and daily life during the bronze and iron ages. these lamps were simple yet effective devices consisting of a container for holding oil and a wick that would burn, providing illumination in the darkness. as technology and metallurgy advanced during the bronze and iron ages, oil lamps became more sophisticated in terms of design and materials. \n \n in the bronze age, oil lamps were often made of ceramic and had a rudimentary shape, with an oil reservoir and a spout or nozzle to hold the wick. these lamps were used in homes and places of worship, and some featured simple decorative designs. \n \n in the iron age, oil lamps saw technological and stylistic advancements. they became more elaborate, with a wider variety of designs and materials, such as bronze. these lamps often featured decorative shapes and handles for easier transportation. in addition to their practical function, some iron age oil lamps also held symbolic and ritual significance in religious and funerary contexts."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"135","title":{"es":"bronze age oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17989/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:45.125Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":17989,"dimensions":{"depth":13.8},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17990/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17990/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17990/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lamp \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: iron age, punic \n \n period: 7th - 5th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 94 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n parallel: deneauve, j., lampes de carthage, pl. xxiv and xxv, fig 37 to 44 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n punic lamps, primarily associated with the phoenician and carthaginian civilizations, were an essential part of daily life and religious practices in the western mediterranean from the 7th century bce through the roman conquest of carthage in 146 bce. these lamps were typically made of terracotta and followed a simple, functional design, often consisting of an open or slightly closed bowl with a spout for the wick. early punic lamps were hand-formed and resembled greek and near eastern prototypes, but over time, they developed distinct regional characteristics, especially in north africa, sardinia, and southern spain, where carthaginian influence was strong. many punic lamps were wheel-made, while later examples were produced using molds, allowing for more standardized shapes and decorative motifs. \n \n one of the defining features of punic lamps was their use in both domestic and ritual contexts. in households, they provided essential illumination, burning olive oil or other available fuels. in religious settings, they were frequently found in temples and sanctuaries, often associated with offerings to deities such as tanit and baal hammon, the chief gods of carthaginian religion. some punic lamps bore simple incised or molded decorations, including geometric patterns, rosettes, or stylized symbols linked to religious iconography, such as crescent moons or palm branches. the presence of lamps in funerary contexts suggests they were also used in burial rites, possibly to guide the deceased in the afterlife, a practice common in many ancient mediterranean cultures. \n \n the production of punic lamps continued even after the fall of carthage, as elements of punic material culture persisted under roman rule. north african workshops, in particular, remained active in producing oil lamps, blending punic and roman stylistic influences. archaeological discoveries of punic lamps in diverse locations across the mediterranean highlight the extensive trade networks maintained by the carthaginians and their cultural exchanges with neighboring civilizations."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"136","title":{"es":"iron age, punic lamp"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17990/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:45.127Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":17990,"dimensions":{"depth":9.4},"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17991/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17991/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17991/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring depicting a pentagram \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: medieval \n \n period: 11th - 14th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 22 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the pentagram, a five-pointed star, was an important symbol used across various cultures, and during the medieval period, it had a range of interpretations. often associated with mysticism, protection, and the divine, the pentagram was used in christian iconography as a symbol of the five wounds of christ, representing his suffering during the crucifixion. in this context, the pentagram was seen as a symbol of faith and salvation, and it was sometimes inscribed on rings worn by knights, clergy, or individuals seeking divine protection or spiritual strength. the geometric precision of the pentagram also made it an appealing motif for medieval goldsmiths and artisans who crafted personal adornments. \n \n beyond its christian symbolism, the pentagram was also linked to pagan beliefs and occult practices. in medieval europe, the pentagram was sometimes used as a protective amulet against evil spirits, witches, or dark forces, with the five points symbolizing the elements: earth, air, fire, water, and spirit. this association was particularly popular among occultists and those involved in alchemical practices, who saw the pentagram as a powerful symbol of balance and harmony. medieval rings featuring the pentagram would have been worn not only for their religious or spiritual symbolism but also as a form of magical protection or a tool for invoking mystical powers. \n \n the use of the pentagram on medieval rings also reflects the era\u2019s broader interest in symbolism and secrecy. in a time when christianity was the dominant religious force, symbols like the pentagram that could be interpreted in various ways allowed individuals to express their beliefs or affiliations, sometimes in ways that were subtle or hidden. these rings were often personal items, passed down through generations or used in rituals, marking them as powerful symbols of the wearer\u2019s faith, protection, or affiliation with certain mystical traditions."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"137","title":{"es":"medieval ring depicting a pentagram"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17991/view","directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:31:55.632Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17991,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17992/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17992/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17992/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17992/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with three spirals \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: second intermediate period, 1700 - 1550 b.c \n \n dimensions: 10 mm x 7 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations."},"estimateMax":210,"lotNumber":"138","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with three spirals"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17992/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:41.241Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac210","currency":"EUR","id":17992,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":130,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17993/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17993/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17993/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl with palmettes decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 136 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek bowls with palmette decoration were a prominent feature of ancient greek pottery, particularly during the archaic and classical periods (6th\u20134th centuries bce). the palmette, a stylized floral motif resembling the spread leaves of a palm tree, was a popular decorative element in greek art, often used in both architectural ornamentation and ceramics. these bowls, typically made of terracotta, were produced using the black-figure and red-figure techniques, with the palmettes either painted or incised onto the surface. the symmetrical and elegant design of palmettes made them a favored motif, frequently arranged in bands around the exterior of the bowl, sometimes interspersed with volutes, tendrils, or lotus flowers, enhancing the overall aesthetic appeal. \n \n the use of palmette decoration on greek bowls was not merely ornamental; it carried symbolic and cultural significance. palmettes were often associated with divine or sacred themes, appearing in religious and funerary contexts. in some cases, they framed mythological scenes, serving as decorative borders around central figures or narratives depicted on the vessels. the motif\u2019s presence in both domestic and ritual settings suggests that it was considered a prestigious and meaningful design, reinforcing connections to nature, fertility, and artistic refinement. bowls with palmette decorations were widely used in symposiums (drinking parties), where they held wine and other beverages, indicating their role in both everyday life and social gatherings. \n \n greek palmette-decorated bowls were produced in major pottery centers such as athens and corinth and were extensively traded across the mediterranean. their discovery in regions as far as italy, egypt, and the black sea highlights the widespread influence of greek ceramic artistry. many of these vessels have been found in tombs, sanctuaries, and domestic spaces, demonstrating their lasting cultural significance."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"139","title":{"es":"greek bowl with palmettes decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17993/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":130,"soldPrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:45.128Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":17993,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17994/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17994/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17994/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17994/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: iron age, amlash \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 28 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from london gallery (1970s - 2000s) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the amlash culture thrived in the coastal region of the caspian sea, in what is now iran, during the first millennium bce and particularly flourished between the 9th and 6th centuries bce. while relatively little is known about this culture compared to some of the more prominent ancient civilizations, archaeologists have unearthed significant archaeological remnants in the amlash region that shed light on its history and cultural characteristics. \n \n the amlash culture was characterized by its decorative pottery, which often featured intricate geometric designs and zoomorphic motifs, such as birds and animals. bronze objects, tools, and jewelry have also been discovered, reflecting a notable level of craftsmanship. the economy of the amlash culture was based on agriculture, fishing, and trade. its coastal location allowed for interaction with nearby civilizations, such as the assyrians and the medes. although the amlash culture eventually merged with other cultures over time, its archaeological legacy remains an important testament to cultural diversity in the ancient caspian sea region."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"140","title":{"es":"iron age ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17994/view","directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T17:24:31.811Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":17994,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17995/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17995/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: sling bullet with symbol \n \n material: lead \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 15 mm x 36 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek sling bullet (or glandes) was a small, often lead projectile used as ammunition for sling weapons in ancient greece. sling bullets were an essential part of light infantry warfare, particularly used by slingers (sphendonetai), who were skilled in hurling these projectiles at high speeds over long distances. these bullets were typically almond-shaped or biconical, allowing for better aerodynamics and increased impact upon striking a target. while early sling bullets were made from stone or baked clay, the greeks, especially by the classical period (5th\u20134th centuries bce), preferred lead due to its heaviness, which allowed for greater velocity and penetrating power. \n \n one of the most interesting aspects of greek sling bullets is that they were often inscribed with short messages, symbols, or intimidating phrases. some sling bullets have been found with inscriptions such as \"take this!\" or \"for victory!\", serving as both psychological warfare and a mark of the user's allegiance. others featured depictions of lightning bolts, referencing the power of zeus, or even animal symbols that signified a particular city-state. these inscriptions suggest that sling bullets were not only weapons but also a form of military propaganda, showing how even simple projectiles could carry messages of intimidation or pride. \n \n greek sling bullets played a vital role in warfare and skirmishes, particularly when used by mercenaries or specialized troops from regions like rhodes and the balearic islands, known for their expertise in slinging. unlike archers, slingers could fire their ammunition with less equipment and had the advantage of using local materials when lead was unavailable. the effectiveness of the sling bullet persisted for centuries, influencing hellenistic and roman warfare."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"141","title":{"es":"greek sling bullet with symbol"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17995/view","directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T17:24:31.812Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17995,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17996/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17996/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17996/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17996/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 34 mm x 55 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman oil lamps were an essential source of light in the ancient world, widely used in homes, temples, and public spaces throughout the roman empire. typically made of terracotta, these lamps were mass-produced using molds, allowing for a wide range of shapes, sizes, and decorative motifs. early roman lamps were simple and functional, often with a single spout for the wick, but as production evolved, they became more elaborate, with multiple nozzles, handles, and intricate relief decorations. the lamps were fueled by olive oil, which was readily available in the mediterranean region, making them an affordable and practical lighting solution for people of all social classes. \n \n beyond their utilitarian function, roman oil lamps served important symbolic and decorative roles. many featured detailed relief designs depicting gods, myths, gladiatorial combats, animals, and everyday scenes, reflecting the artistic and cultural values of roman society. some lamps bore christian symbols, such as the chi-rho or the fish (ichthys), indicating the growing influence of christianity in the later roman period. others included inscriptions, such as manufacturers' marks or religious dedications. the presence of these lamps in domestic, ritual, and funerary contexts suggests they were used not only for illumination but also as offerings in religious ceremonies and as grave goods to provide light for the deceased in the afterlife. \n \n roman oil lamps were produced in vast quantities, with major manufacturing centers in italy, north africa, and the eastern mediterranean. they were widely exported across the empire, demonstrating the reach of roman trade networks and cultural influence. archaeological discoveries of oil lamps in diverse regions, from britain to egypt, highlight their universal presence in roman daily life."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"142","title":{"es":"roman oil lamp"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17996/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:44.463Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":17996,"dimensions":{"depth":5.5},"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17997/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17997/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17997/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type cahn-klaiber 3.1.4 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: 2nd - 1st century b.c \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 55 mm x 76 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n egyptian oil lamps were a fundamental part of daily life in both the pharaonic and later greco-roman periods, providing illumination in homes, temples, and tombs. early examples, dating back to the new kingdom (circa 16th\u201311th centuries bce), were typically simple open-bowl designs made of clay or stone, with a pinched edge to hold a wick. these early forms reflected egyptian traditions, relying on local materials and a straightforward design. with the influence of hellenistic and roman cultures after the conquest of egypt by alexander the great in 332 bce, egyptian lamps began to adopt more refined shapes and closed, mold-made styles similar to those found throughout the mediterranean. \n \n during the greco-roman period (circa 3rd century bce \u2013 4th century ce), egyptian oil lamps became more elaborate, often featuring decorative motifs that blended egyptian, greek, and roman artistic influences. lamps from this period frequently displayed images of deities such as isis, serapis, and anubis, as well as sacred animals like the scarab beetle and the apis bull. some lamps bore inscriptions or symbols linked to religious practices, particularly in connection with temples and household altars. the presence of christian symbols on later egyptian lamps reflects the region's religious transition following the spread of christianity in the roman empire, particularly in alexandria, a major center of early christian thought. \n \n egyptian oil lamps were produced in large quantities, particularly in workshops in alexandria and along the nile valley, and they were widely distributed across the mediterranean world. their discovery in homes, tombs, and temples suggests their importance in both everyday and ritual contexts. some lamps were placed in burials as offerings, ensuring light for the deceased in the afterlife, a practice consistent with ancient egyptian beliefs about the journey beyond death."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"143","title":{"es":"egyptian oil lamp, type cahn-klaiber 3.1.4"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17997/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:44.465Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":17997,"dimensions":{"depth":7.6},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17998/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17998/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17998/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cup \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 74 mm x 115 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, w.f., acquired before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n these vessels were typically made from terracotta and ranged from simple, utilitarian forms to more refined, decorative examples. the most common types included kothons (deep drinking cups), skyphoi (handled cups), and calices (goblet-like vessels). many were produced using the wheel, allowing for standardized shapes, and were often coated with a fine slip to enhance their durability and appearance. while plain wares were widespread, decorated examples, particularly those with incised or stamped designs, were popular among wealthier individuals. \n \n one of the most significant ceramic styles of the republican period was black gloss ware (also called campanian ware), which became the dominant fineware used for drinking vessels. these cups were coated in a glossy black slip that imitated the look of metalware and were often decorated with incised lines, stamped patterns, or rouletting. produced primarily in central italy, especially in regions such as campania and etruria, black gloss ware was widely traded and found in archaeological sites across the mediterranean. the influence of greek pottery styles, particularly from athens, is evident in the forms and decoration of many republican cups, reflecting the cultural exchanges between rome and the hellenistic world. \n \n by the late republican period, new ceramic traditions began to emerge, leading to the development of terra sigillata, a fine red-slipped ware that would dominate roman tableware in the imperial era. however, republican cups retained their importance as symbols of social interaction, particularly in banquets and public feasts, where communal drinking played a significant role in roman society."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"144","title":{"es":"roman cup"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17998/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":260,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:44.467Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":17998,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17999/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/17999/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: seleucid empire \n \n period: battle against the hasmoneans, 138 b.c \n \n dimensions: 46 mm x 13 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 08.99.16\u2013.17. \n mazis m., wright n.l., archers, antiochos vii sidetes, and the arrowheads, p. 207, fig. a to d. \n t. ariel, d., archaeological evidence for the siege of jerusalem by antiochus vii sidetes, p. 241-242 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n antiochos vii sidetes, a king of the seleucid empire, ruled from 138 to 129 bce. he is often remembered for attempting to restore the waning power of the seleucid state, which had been severely weakened by internal strife and external threats. after ascending to the throne, antiochos vii set his sights on reclaiming territories lost to rival factions, including the judean kingdom led by the hasmonean dynasty. his campaign against the hasmoneans, a jewish ruling family that had established a semi-independent state, was part of his broader strategy to reassert seleucid dominance over the region. \n \n the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans reached a peak during his siege of jerusalem in 134 bce. at this time, john hyrcanus, the hasmonean ruler, was consolidating his power in judea after the death of his father, simon maccabeus. despite their initial resistance, the hasmoneans were forced to negotiate with antiochos vii, who had superior military strength. the siege concluded with a compromise: the hasmoneans retained some level of autonomy, but they were required to pay tribute and acknowledge seleucid authority. this outcome demonstrated antiochos vii\u2019s pragmatic approach to dealing with rebellious territories. \n \n however, antiochos vii's successes in judea were short-lived. he soon launched an ambitious campaign against the parthians, who posed a significant threat to the eastern borders of the seleucid empire. this campaign ended in disaster, as antiochos vii was killed in 129 bce. his death marked the effective end of seleucid influence in judea, allowing the hasmoneans to further consolidate their power and eventually gain full independence. the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans symbolizes the decline of the seleucid empire and the rise of the hasmonean dynasty in the region."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"145","title":{"es":"seleucid arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/17999/view","directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:39:21.035Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":17999,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":80,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18000/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18000/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18000/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: stylus \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 120 mm x 5 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman stylus (stilus) was an essential writing tool used for inscribing text onto wax tablets, a common method for recording notes, calculations, and correspondence in the ancient world. typically made of metal\u2014such as bronze, iron, or even silver for more elaborate versions\u2014the stylus was designed with a pointed tip for writing and a flattened, spatula-like end for smoothing the wax and erasing mistakes. this practical dual-purpose design made the stylus an indispensable tool for students, merchants, scribes, and officials throughout the roman republic and empire. wooden and bone versions also existed, though they were less durable than their metal counterparts. \n \n styluses varied in size and decoration, reflecting the status of their owners. simple iron or bronze styluses were common for everyday use, while wealthier individuals might possess finely crafted examples with engraved designs or personalized inscriptions. some styluses bore latin phrases or owners\u2019 names, indicating their value as personal belongings. the stylus was often used in conjunction with wooden-framed wax tablets, which could be closed like a notebook for repeated use. this method of writing was especially useful for temporary records, school exercises, and drafts before committing text to more permanent materials like papyrus or parchment."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"146","title":{"es":"roman stylus"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18000/view","tags":["escollectibles_writinginstrumentsdeskaccessories","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":80,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:44.469Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18000,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18001/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18001/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18001/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18001/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18001/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 231 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman pottery was an essential part of daily life in the roman world, produced in vast quantities between the republican period (5th\u20131st century bce) and the late empire (5th century ce). it included a wide range of forms, from fine tableware to coarse kitchen vessels and large storage containers. one of the most famous types is terra sigillata, a red-gloss, mass-produced ceramic that originated in italy but later saw major production centers in gaul, hispania, and north africa. these vessels, often decorated with stamped or molded relief patterns, were used for dining and were traded across the empire. the widespread distribution of terra sigillata highlights the efficiency of roman pottery production and trade networks. \n \n in addition to fine tableware, roman utilitarian pottery was crucial for everyday activities such as cooking, food storage, and transportation. large amphorae were used for shipping wine, olive oil, and garum (fermented fish sauce), with distinctive shapes and markings that help archaeologists trace trade routes. coarse wares, often locally made, included cooking pots, storage jars, and oil lamps. different regions developed their own ceramic traditions; for example, black-burnished ware was common in britain, while north africa became known for its thin-walled red-slipped pottery in the later empire. the adaptability of roman potters allowed for both standardized mass production and local variations, demonstrating the empire's economic and cultural diversity. \n \n roman pottery is a key archaeological resource, as it provides valuable information on trade, economy, and daily life in the empire. the presence of specific types of pottery at sites across europe, the mediterranean, and the near east helps scholars reconstruct trade patterns and cultural influences. additionally, stamped potter\u2019s marks, inscriptions, and decorative motifs offer insights into production centers and workshop organization."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"147","title":{"es":"roman plate"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18001/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:44.470Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":18001,"dimensions":{"depth":23.1},"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18002/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18002/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: gladius pendant \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 37 mm x 7 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman gladius was the standard short sword used by roman legionaries, renowned for its effectiveness in close combat. typically measuring around 18 to 24 inches (45\u201360 cm) in length, it featured a straight, double-edged blade designed for thrusting and slashing. the gladius evolved over time, with notable variants including the gladius hispaniensis, inspired by iberian weapons, and later models such as the mainz and pompeii types. this weapon symbolized roman military discipline and conquest, playing a crucial role in rome\u2019s expansion and dominance. \n \n beyond its practical use, the gladius also carried significant symbolic and decorative value. miniature pendants in the shape of a gladius were worn as personal ornaments, often made from bronze, silver, or gold. these pendants were believed to serve protective or talismanic purposes, signifying martial prowess, allegiance to the army, or even invoking divine favor in battle. some were finely detailed, replicating elements of real swords, including hilts and scabbards, while others were more stylized. such pendants were likely worn by soldiers, veterans, or individuals wishing to associate themselves with roman military virtues. \n \n archaeological finds of gladius-shaped pendants across the roman world, from britain to the eastern provinces, suggest they were widespread among different ranks and possibly even civilians. some examples bear inscriptions or decorative elements linking them to specific legions or deities such as mars, the god of war. these artifacts provide valuable insights into the personal and symbolic connections romans had with their weaponry, extending beyond the battlefield into daily life and identity."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"148","title":{"es":"roman gladius pendant"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18002/view","directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:41:40.109Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":18002,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":130,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18003/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18003/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18003/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: flask \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 56 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman flasks were versatile and functional vessels used primarily for storing and transporting liquids such as oils, perfumes, and medicinal concoctions. these flasks, which were typically made from glass or ceramic, varied in size and shape, reflecting their diverse uses and the craftsmanship of the period. glass flasks were particularly valued for their ability to contain and preserve aromatic oils and perfumes, which were essential in daily roman life for personal grooming and religious rituals. ceramic flasks, on the other hand, were often used for more practical purposes, such as storing cooking oils or vinegar. \n \n the design of roman flasks often included features that facilitated their use and storage. many flasks had narrow necks to minimize spillage and maintain the quality of their contents. some were equipped with handles or spouts to make pouring easier, while others had stoppers or lids to seal the contents securely. the artistic quality of these vessels varied from simple, utilitarian designs to more elaborate forms decorated with patterns or inscriptions. inscriptions on flasks sometimes indicated the type of liquid contained or the name of the owner, adding a personalized touch to these everyday objects. \n \n roman flasks also provide valuable insights into trade and cultural exchanges within the roman empire. glass production techniques, including the use of molds and blowing methods, were advanced during the roman period, and roman glassware was widely traded across the empire. the distribution of roman flasks throughout various provinces reflects the extensive trade networks and the integration of different cultures within the empire. additionally, the variety in flask designs and materials reveals the adaptability of roman artisans to different regional tastes and technological innovations."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"149","title":{"es":"roman flask"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18003/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":130,"soldPrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:44.471Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18003,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18004/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18004/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18004/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18004/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18004/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: phallic amulet \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 22 mm x 40 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman phallic amulets were small, often highly stylized objects believed to possess protective and fertility-related powers. these amulets were commonly worn as jewelry or carried as charms, particularly by men, as a means of warding off the evil eye or any form of malevolent influence. the phallus, as a symbol, was deeply embedded in roman culture, representing not only fertility and virility but also good luck and protection from harm. these amulets were made from various materials, including bronze, silver, or terracotta, and were typically shaped as a stylized or exaggerated form of the male genitalia, often accompanied by other symbols such as horns or a hand raised in a gesture of protection. \n \n the use of phallic amulets in the roman world had both public and private aspects. in private contexts, they were often worn by individuals to ensure personal health, fertility, or success in love and marriage. they were also seen as a defense against envy or jealousy, especially from rivals or ill-wishers. in public contexts, such amulets were sometimes displayed in homes, marketplaces, or workshops, serving as a sign of good fortune and the safeguarding of prosperity. the phallus was also associated with the god priapus, a deity of fertility, gardens, and agricultural prosperity, and many phallic amulets were dedicated to him as a form of invocatory charm for increased harvests and general well-being. \n \n phallic amulets were widespread throughout the roman empire, especially in the regions of italy, gaul, and north africa, reflecting a shared belief in the power of this symbol across the empire's diverse cultures. they were commonly found in archaeological sites related to domestic and commercial activities, including homes, bathhouses, and marketplaces. in addition to their practical and symbolic purposes, the presence of phallic amulets in roman graves suggests their role in ensuring a safe journey to the afterlife and continued protection beyond death."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"150","title":{"es":"roman phallic amulet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18004/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:41.244Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":18004,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":40,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18005/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18005/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: late roman / byzantine \n \n period: 3rd - 5th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 25 mm x 48 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, dr. k.b., munich, since the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools for securing locks on doors, chests, and personal items, reflecting the roman emphasis on security, privacy, and property ownership. made primarily from iron, bronze, or sometimes brass, roman keys varied in design, but they generally consisted of a long shaft with a curved or looped head that engaged with the lock mechanism. the keys were often large and heavy, particularly those used for doors or storage chests, and they were frequently carried as symbols of authority, wealth, and access. roman keys were also integral to the organization of private and public spaces, from households to temples, demonstrating how the romans valued controlled access to both physical property and private life. \n \n the design of roman keys was functional yet varied, with some keys featuring intricate, ornate designs, while others were more utilitarian. large, ornate keys were often used by the wealthy or in the context of important state or religious buildings, while smaller, simpler keys were used by ordinary citizens. the variation in size and decoration of roman keys reflects the different types of locks they were designed for, from the elaborate locking mechanisms used in villas and public buildings to simpler locks for personal use. many roman keys found in archaeological excavations bear decorative elements such as animal heads, religious symbols, or family crests, which were sometimes engraved into the head of the key, showcasing the owner\u2019s identity, status, or affiliations. \n \n in addition to their practical and decorative purposes, roman keys have an important symbolic role in roman culture. they were sometimes depicted in art, especially in funerary contexts, to signify ownership, protection, and the safeguarding of personal or family treasures."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"151","title":{"es":"late roman / byzantine key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18005/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:41.247Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":18005,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18006/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18006/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18006/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18006/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an eagle \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 32 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman eagle (aquila) was one of the most powerful symbols of the roman state, especially within the military. as the standard of the roman legions, the eagle was carried into battle by a designated officer known as the aquilifer, and its loss was considered a severe disgrace. typically made of bronze or silver and mounted on a pole, the eagle represented strength, authority, and the divine favor of jupiter, the chief god of the roman pantheon. this symbol reinforced the unity of the legion and the supremacy of rome, inspiring soldiers in both victory and adversity. \n \n beyond the battlefield, the eagle was also a key emblem in roman art, coinage, and sculpture, often depicted with outstretched wings to symbolize power and divine protection. it frequently appeared on imperial monuments, reinforcing the idea of the emperor\u2019s connection to jupiter and his divine right to rule. in funerary contexts, the eagle played a role in the deification of emperors, as it was believed to carry their souls to the heavens upon their deaths. this tradition, known as apotheosis, was visually represented in reliefs and coins, where an eagle is shown soaring skyward with the spirit of the deceased emperor. \n \n the legacy of the roman eagle endured long after the fall of the western roman empire, influencing the heraldry and symbolism of later states and military institutions. the byzantine empire continued to use the eagle in various forms, while medieval and modern european powers, including the holy roman empire and napoleonic france, adopted the eagle as a symbol of sovereignty and military might."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"152","title":{"es":"roman statuette of an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18006/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.554Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18006,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18007/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18007/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: juglet \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 27 mm x 16 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, ex german private colleciton r.b., acquired in 1979 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman miniature glass jugs were finely crafted vessels that served both functional and symbolic purposes in daily life and ritual contexts. these small jugs, typically made using glassblowing techniques developed in the 1st century bce, were produced in a variety of shapes and colors, often featuring delicate handles and thin-walled bodies. the transparency and elegance of glass made these vessels highly desirable, and they were often used to store precious liquids such as perfumes, scented oils, or medicinal substances. their small size suggests that they were intended for personal use, possibly carried as part of a traveler\u2019s belongings or placed on dressing tables in roman households. \n \n beyond their domestic function, miniature glass jugs were frequently associated with funerary and religious practices. in burial contexts, they were commonly deposited as grave offerings, likely containing oils or perfumes meant to anoint the deceased in the afterlife. their presence in sanctuaries and temples suggests they may have also been used in ritual libations or as votive offerings to the gods. some examples bear decorative elements, such as molded ribs, applied trails, or iridescent surfaces resulting from centuries of burial, adding to their aesthetic and symbolic value. \n \n these miniature vessels were produced across the roman empire, with notable centers of glassmaking in the eastern mediterranean, italy, and gaul. their widespread distribution indicates their popularity and the efficiency of roman trade networks."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"153","title":{"es":"roman juglet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18007/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.556Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18007,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18008/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18008/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18008/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18008/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: modern pendant with antoninus pius denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 32 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition. original coin within a modern handmade circular silver setting. \n \n provenance: ex belgian private collection, acquired in the 1990s (coin) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n antoninus pius (reigned 138\u2013161 ce) was one of the \"five good emperors\" of rome, known for his stable and peaceful rule. he ascended to the throne after being adopted by emperor hadrian, fulfilling hadrian\u2019s wish for a smooth succession. unlike his predecessors, antoninus pius did not lead any major military campaigns, instead focusing on consolidating and maintaining the empire\u2019s borders through diplomacy and strategic defense. his reign was marked by economic prosperity, legal reforms, and a commitment to public works, including the construction of roads, aqueducts, and temples. one of his notable achievements was the construction of the antonine wall in britain, further reinforcing roman control in the north. \n \n antoninus pius was a deeply conservative ruler who respected roman traditions and institutions. he worked closely with the senate, maintaining stability in government and avoiding political purges or unnecessary conflicts. his legal reforms focused on improving the rights of slaves and provincial subjects, ensuring fairer trials and better legal protections. despite the lack of military conquests, his administration strengthened the empire\u2019s infrastructure, and his policies helped secure long-term economic stability. his reign saw the expansion of roman law and a continued emphasis on greek and roman cultural values, reinforcing the intellectual and artistic achievements of the period. \n \n upon his death in 161 ce, antoninus pius was deified by the senate, and his adopted sons, marcus aurelius and lucius verus, succeeded him as co-emperors. his long and uneventful rule is often regarded as the peak of pax romana, the period of relative peace and stability across the empire. unlike later emperors, who faced crises and invasions, antoninus pius governed during a time of internal strength, leaving behind a legacy of administrative efficiency, legal advancements, and architectural achievements."},"estimateMax":250,"lotNumber":"154","title":{"es":"modern pendant with antoninus pius denarius"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18008/view","tags":["esjewelry_necklacespendants","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.558Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac250","currency":"EUR","id":18008,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18009/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18009/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18009/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18009/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of a cow \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th - 2nd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 122 mm x 52 mm x 175 mm \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et légendes (1989), ex private collection, j.p., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n greek statuettes of cows were common in antiquity, often serving religious, decorative, or votive functions. these small sculptures, typically made of terracotta or bronze, were crafted with remarkable detail, capturing the naturalistic form of the animal. cows held great significance in greek society, as they were essential for agriculture, dairy production, and religious sacrifice. many of these statuettes were dedicated in sanctuaries to honor deities such as hera, demeter, or poseidon, reflecting their associations with fertility, nourishment, and pastoral life. their presence in temples and shrines suggests they were used as votive offerings, symbolizing gratitude or petitions for prosperity. \n \n in greek religious practice, cows were often linked to major rituals and sacrifices, particularly in the worship of hera, the goddess of marriage and family, who was sometimes referred to as bopis (\"cow-eyed\"). the famous hecatomb, a grand sacrifice of 100 cattle, was a significant ritual performed at large festivals such as the olympic games in honor of zeus. statuettes of cows may have served as symbolic substitutes for real animal sacrifices or as commemorative offerings after major religious events. some examples depict cows in a calm, grazing posture, while others show them being led by herdsmen, emphasizing their role in both daily life and sacred rites."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"155","title":{"es":"greek statuette of a cow"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18009/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.559Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":18009,"dimensions":{"depth":17.5},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18010/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18010/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18010/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18010/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18010/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: vessel \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 253 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman vessels, encompassing a wide range of pottery, glass, and metalwork, were integral to daily life in ancient rome. these vessels served diverse functions, from holding food and liquids to being used in religious rituals and burial practices. common pottery vessels, such as amphorae, dolia, and craters, were made primarily of terracotta and were used to store and transport wine, oil, and grain. the mass production of these vessels, particularly in workshops across italy, gaul, and north africa, made them widely available throughout the roman empire. their designs ranged from simple utilitarian forms to more elaborate, decorated pieces, often featuring reliefs, inscriptions, and painted designs that depicted mythological scenes, daily life, and symbols of power. \n \n glass vessels, which became increasingly popular during the roman empire, were a significant advancement in roman craftsmanship. techniques like glassblowing, developed around the 1st century bce, allowed for the mass production of delicate glass cups, bottles, bowls, and vases. these vessels were prized for their transparency and ability to capture light, making them especially popular among the elite for dining and display purposes. many roman glass vessels were decorated with intricate designs, including molded patterns, applied trails of glass, and even gilded details. glass became a symbol of luxury, and its widespread use in the empire helped shape roman aesthetic preferences, from simple everyday drinking cups to elaborate decorative pieces found in wealthy households and tombs. \n \n roman metal vessels, often made from silver, bronze, or pewter, were primarily used for ceremonial purposes, including religious rituals and banquets. silverware, in particular, was a status symbol and was often intricately decorated with motifs that reflected the wealth and cultural influences of the owner. metal vessels were also crafted in specialized forms for specific functions, such as calices (chalices) for drinking wine during rituals or patera (shallow bowls) used in sacrifices to the gods. many of these metal vessels were finely engraved or repoussé, showcasing the skill of roman artisans."},"estimateMax":260,"lotNumber":"156","title":{"es":"roman vessel"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18010/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.561Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac220 - \u20ac260","currency":"EUR","id":18010,"dimensions":{"depth":25.3},"estimateMin":220},{"startPrice":160,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18011/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18011/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18011/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18011/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18011/005/005.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cuneiform tablet fragment \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: mesopotamian \n \n period: 2nd - 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 60 mm x 57 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, b.e. (1933 - 2012), nimes \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a mesopotamian cuneiform brick is a fired or sun-dried clay brick inscribed with cuneiform script, one of the earliest forms of writing developed by the sumerians around 3100 bce. these bricks were commonly used in temple, palace, and city construction throughout mesopotamia, including in sumerian, akkadian, babylonian, and assyrian cultures. the inscriptions typically contained royal dedications, building records, or religious texts, commemorating the ruler who commissioned the structure. since mesopotamian architecture relied heavily on mudbrick due to the lack of abundant stone resources, these inscribed bricks played a crucial role in preserving historical records that would otherwise have been lost. \n \n the content of these inscriptions often included the king\u2019s name, titles, divine favor, and purpose of the construction. for example, bricks from the reign of nebuchadnezzar ii (605\u2013562 bce) often state that he built or restored temples and city walls in honor of the gods. similarly, earlier rulers like ur-nammu of ur (circa 2100 bce) left inscribed bricks marking the construction of ziggurats and public buildings. the texts were usually impressed into the soft clay using a reed stylus before firing, ensuring their longevity. in some cases, the inscriptions were deeply cut or stamped using cylinder seals, making them more resistant to erosion. \n \n these cuneiform bricks are vital for understanding mesopotamian history, political power, and religious practices. many have been recovered from archaeological sites such as ur, babylon, nineveh, and nimrud, providing direct evidence of mesopotamian rulers and their construction projects. because the bricks were often built into walls and foundations, they served both a practical and propagandistic function, reinforcing the ruler\u2019s legacy for future generations."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"157","title":{"es":"mesopotamian cuneiform tablet fragment"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18011/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":160,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.731Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":18011,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":180,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18012/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18012/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18012/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18012/004/004.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18012/005/005.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lagynos \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 110 mm x 155 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, w.f., acquired before 2000 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman lagynos was a distinctive type of vessel, primarily used for storing and transporting liquids, especially wine and oil. typically made from terracotta, these jugs were characterized by a broad body, a narrow neck, and a single handle, designed for easy pouring. the lagynos was a popular vessel in both domestic and commercial settings, and its form was often used to distinguish it from other storage containers like amphorae or pitchers. these vessels were especially common in the eastern provinces of the roman empire, such as egypt and the near east, where they were frequently used for the storage and transport of oil, wine, and perfumes, reflecting the rich trade networks of the time. \n \n the design of the lagynos evolved over time, with early examples appearing in the hellenistic period, and later forms becoming more standardized and widely used across the empire. the vessels were often decorated with painted or stamped motifs, sometimes depicting scenes of daily life, deities, or mythological narratives. the body of the lagynos would often bear simple geometric patterns or floral decorations, especially in the more elaborately produced examples. in addition to decorative elements, some lagynoi were inscribed with the names of manufacturers, places of origin, or even the contents of the jug, offering insights into ancient commercial practices and local industries. \n \n in roman society, the lagynos was not just a utilitarian object but also a symbol of roman control over trade and production in the provinces. the widespread use of lagynoi in various parts of the empire illustrates the romans' extensive trade in commodities like wine, oil, and perfumes, which were often transported in these sturdy and practical containers. the durability of terracotta and the ease of production made these"},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"158","title":{"es":"roman lagynos"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18012/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":180,"soldPrice":340,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.563Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":18012,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":140,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18013/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18013/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18013/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18013/004/004.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ladler with lid, fixed before the firing \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: hellenistic period, 3rd - 2nd century b.c \n \n dimensions: 120 mm x 77 mm \n \n condition: good condition. includes certificate of galerie günter puhze \n \n provenance: ex galerie puhze, germany, ex german private collection, h.d., acquired in 1979 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a greek ladle with a lid is a fascinating example of ancient functional art, combining utility with aesthetic design. these ladles, typically made of bronze or sometimes pottery, were used for serving liquids, such as wine or oil, during banquets or religious ceremonies. the lid served as a practical feature, allowing the contents to be kept clean or preventing spillage when the ladle was not in use. the design of the ladle typically featured a long handle for easy serving, a deep bowl to hold the liquid, and the lid was often attached by a small hook or hinge. these vessels were important in the context of greek symposia, where sharing wine was a central element of social life, and such ladles were often used to distribute the wine from large storage containers. \n \n the lids of greek ladles were not only functional but could also feature decorative elements, reflecting the owner's wealth or social standing. some ladles had intricately designed lids, often adorned with motifs such as mythological scenes, gods, animals, or geometric patterns. these artistic touches enhanced the ladle's aesthetic value, indicating that even everyday items in ancient greek culture were designed with a sense of beauty and craftsmanship. while simpler versions existed for more common use, the more elaborate ladles were likely reserved for public or private feasts, and as such, they also served as symbols of status and cultural refinement. \n \n archaeological discoveries of greek ladles with lids, especially in burial contexts, offer insights into ancient greek dining customs and social practices. these ladles were sometimes placed in graves as part of funerary offerings, indicating their symbolic value in the afterlife, possibly related to providing sustenance for the deceased. the use of ladles with lids also highlights the importance of the symposion, a drinking party that was central to greek social life, where wine was shared from large kraters and served using ladles like these."},"estimateMax":260,"lotNumber":"159","title":{"es":"greek ladler with lid"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18013/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":140,"soldPrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.564Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac260","currency":"EUR","id":18013,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":120,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18014/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18014/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18014/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: olpe \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: greek \n \n period: 4th century b.c \n \n dimensions: 90 mm x 90 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the greek olpe is a type of pottery vessel used primarily for pouring liquids, such as wine or water, and is characterized by its distinctive shape. typically, an olpe has a tall, cylindrical body that tapers slightly towards the top, a high, narrow neck, and a trefoil mouth, which is designed with three spouts or lobes to facilitate controlled pouring. the vessel usually has a single handle attached vertically from the top of the neck to the body, allowing for easy handling. originating in the geometric period (c. 900-700 bce), the olpe became particularly popular during the archaic (c. 700-480 bce) and classical (c. 480-323 bce) periods of ancient greece. \n \n the decoration of olpai (plural for olpe) reflects the artistic styles and motifs prevalent in their respective periods. in the geometric period, olpai were often adorned with linear patterns, meanders, and geometric shapes. as greek pottery evolved, so did the decoration on these vessels. during the archaic period, black-figure technique became prominent, featuring silhouetted figures painted in black slip on the natural red clay background. scenes depicted on olpai from this period often included mythological narratives, daily life activities, and animal friezes. in the later classical period, the red-figure technique, where the background was painted black and the figures left in red, allowed for greater detail and realism in the depiction of human figures and complex scenes. \n \n the greek olpe was not only a functional object but also held social and ceremonial significance. in domestic settings, it was used during symposia, which were social gatherings where wine played a central role in fostering intellectual discussions and entertainment. the olpe\u2019s elegant shape and intricate decoration made it a suitable vessel for such occasions, symbolizing the host\u2019s wealth and cultural refinement. additionally, olpai were used in religious and funerary contexts, often as offerings to gods or as grave goods."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"160","title":{"es":"greek olpe"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18014/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"soldPrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:49.566Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":18014,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18015/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18015/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18015/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18015/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group b \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: bronze age \n \n period: 1400 - 1200 b.c \n \n dimensions: 45 mm x 115 mm x 125 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1980 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n oil lamps played a significant role in lighting and daily life during the bronze and iron ages. these lamps were simple yet effective devices consisting of a container for holding oil and a wick that would burn, providing illumination in the darkness. as technology and metallurgy advanced during the bronze and iron ages, oil lamps became more sophisticated in terms of design and materials. \n \n in the bronze age, oil lamps were often made of ceramic and had a rudimentary shape, with an oil reservoir and a spout or nozzle to hold the wick. these lamps were used in homes and places of worship, and some featured simple decorative designs. \n \n in the iron age, oil lamps saw technological and stylistic advancements. they became more elaborate, with a wider variety of designs and materials, such as bronze. these lamps often featured decorative shapes and handles for easier transportation. in addition to their practical function, some iron age oil lamps also held symbolic and ritual significance in religious and funerary contexts."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"161","title":{"es":"bronze age oil lamp, type kennedy 1, group b"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18015/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:59.636Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":18015,"dimensions":{"depth":12.5},"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18016/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18016/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18016/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18016/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette of an eagle \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 21 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman eagle (aquila) was one of the most powerful symbols of the roman state, especially within the military. as the standard of the roman legions, the eagle was carried into battle by a designated officer known as the aquilifer, and its loss was considered a severe disgrace. typically made of bronze or silver and mounted on a pole, the eagle represented strength, authority, and the divine favor of jupiter, the chief god of the roman pantheon. this symbol reinforced the unity of the legion and the supremacy of rome, inspiring soldiers in both victory and adversity. \n \n beyond the battlefield, the eagle was also a key emblem in roman art, coinage, and sculpture, often depicted with outstretched wings to symbolize power and divine protection. it frequently appeared on imperial monuments, reinforcing the idea of the emperor\u2019s connection to jupiter and his divine right to rule. in funerary contexts, the eagle played a role in the deification of emperors, as it was believed to carry their souls to the heavens upon their deaths. this tradition, known as apotheosis, was visually represented in reliefs and coins, where an eagle is shown soaring skyward with the spirit of the deceased emperor. \n \n the legacy of the roman eagle endured long after the fall of the western roman empire, influencing the heraldry and symbolism of later states and military institutions. the byzantine empire continued to use the eagle in various forms, while medieval and modern european powers, including the holy roman empire and napoleonic france, adopted the eagle as a symbol of sovereignty and military might."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"162","title":{"es":"roman statuette of an eagle"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18016/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esdecorativearts_silver","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:59.638Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18016,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":40,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18017/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18017/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18017/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: key \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 33 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, dr. k.b., munich, since the 1970s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman keys were essential tools for securing locks on doors, chests, and personal items, reflecting the roman emphasis on security, privacy, and property ownership. made primarily from iron, bronze, or sometimes brass, roman keys varied in design, but they generally consisted of a long shaft with a curved or looped head that engaged with the lock mechanism. the keys were often large and heavy, particularly those used for doors or storage chests, and they were frequently carried as symbols of authority, wealth, and access. roman keys were also integral to the organization of private and public spaces, from households to temples, demonstrating how the romans valued controlled access to both physical property and private life. \n \n the design of roman keys was functional yet varied, with some keys featuring intricate, ornate designs, while others were more utilitarian. large, ornate keys were often used by the wealthy or in the context of important state or religious buildings, while smaller, simpler keys were used by ordinary citizens. the variation in size and decoration of roman keys reflects the different types of locks they were designed for, from the elaborate locking mechanisms used in villas and public buildings to simpler locks for personal use. many roman keys found in archaeological excavations bear decorative elements such as animal heads, religious symbols, or family crests, which were sometimes engraved into the head of the key, showcasing the owner\u2019s identity, status, or affiliations. \n \n in addition to their practical and decorative purposes, roman keys have an important symbolic role in roman culture. they were sometimes depicted in art, especially in funerary contexts, to signify ownership, protection, and the safeguarding of personal or family treasures."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"163","title":{"es":"roman key"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18017/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.734Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":18017,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18018/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18018/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: duck mount \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: iron age, celtic \n \n period: 2nd century b.c - 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 8 mm x 17 m \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, suffolk, acquired in u.k art market in 2015, before from english private collection, kent. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the iron age celtic silver duck mount is a remarkable artifact that reflects the artistic and cultural sophistication of the celtic peoples during the late iron age (around 500 bce to the roman conquest). the celts, known for their intricate metalwork and symbolic art, often created decorative mounts and fittings for various objects, including weapons, chariots, and ceremonial items. the silver duck mount is an example of their skill in metalworking and their use of animal motifs, which were common in celtic art, symbolizing various spiritual and cultural beliefs. \n \n this silver duck mount likely served as a decorative piece, possibly attached to a ceremonial object such as a shield, helmet, or chariot. the duck itself holds symbolic significance in celtic culture, often associated with water, fertility, and the otherworld. waterfowl, like ducks, were believed to be creatures that could traverse both the earthly and spiritual realms, making them potent symbols of transition and connection between worlds. the use of silver, a precious metal, further indicates the mount's importance, suggesting it may have belonged to a person of high status, perhaps a chieftain or a warrior of significant rank. \n \n the craftsmanship of the celtic silver duck mount is notable for its detailed and stylized representation of the bird, reflecting the celts' deep appreciation for nature and their ability to infuse symbolic meaning into their art. the design likely incorporated the flowing, curvilinear patterns typical of la tène art, the dominant artistic style of the celts during the iron age. this style is characterized by its intricate patterns and abstract forms, often inspired by natural elements."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"164","title":{"es":"iron age duck mount"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18018/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_silver","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:59.640Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac90 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":18018,"estimateMin":90},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18019/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18019/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18019/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18019/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: scarab with defective inscription 'amun-re is lord' \n \n material: steatite \n \n culture: egyptian \n \n period: post-ramesside, 1000 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 11 mm x 9 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex american egyptologist collection, active in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the us with the family in 1954. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the egyptians saw the egyptian scarab (scarabaeus sacer) as a symbol of renewal and rebirth. the beetle was associated closely with the sun god because scarabs roll large balls of dung in which to lay their eggs, a behavior that the egyptians thought resembled the progression of the sun through the sky from east to west. its young were hatched from this ball, and this event was seen as an act of spontaneous self-creation, giving the beetle an even stronger association with the sun god\u2019s creative force. the connection between the beetle and the sun was so close that the young sun god was thought to be reborn in the form of a winged scarab beetle every morning at sunrise. as this young sun god, known as khepri, rose in the sky, he brought light and life to the land. \n \n scarab amulets were used for their magical rejuvenating properties by both the living and the dead. scarabs were used by living individuals as seals from the start of the middle kingdom (ca. 2055 bce) onwards. the most common inscription for these scarabs was the owner\u2019s name. the incised design was often a schematic combination of hieroglyphs and geometric patterning. patterns could often denote the specific administrative office held by the wearer. \n \n scarabs were also often rendered naturalistically in the round. the regenerative powers of scarabs of this nature could be used by either the living or the dead for healing and protection during quotidian activities or during a deceased person\u2019s passage into the afterlife. the striking red/orange color of this amulet\u2019s carnelian strengthens its solar associations."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"165","title":{"es":"egyptian scarab with defective inscription 'amun-re is lord'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18019/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_figurines","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.737Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":18019,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18020/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18020/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: elamite, middle period \n \n period: 1200 - 900 b.c \n \n dimensions: 136 mm x 25 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, a., acquired between 1980 - 2015. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n elamite period arrowheads, dating from roughly 2700 to 539 bce, provide valuable insights into the military practices and technological advancements of ancient elam, a civilization that flourished in what is now southwestern iran. these arrowheads, typically made of metal such as bronze or iron, were integral to elamite weaponry and warfare. the arrowheads varied in design, reflecting changes in military tactics and advancements in metallurgy over the centuries. common forms include leaf-shaped, barbed, and triangular designs, each serving different purposes in combat, such as penetrating armor or causing more severe wounds. \n \n the craftsmanship of elamite arrowheads showcases the technological expertise of the period. early elamite arrowheads were often forged from bronze and exhibited simple, functional designs. as technology progressed, there was a shift towards more sophisticated designs with improved materials, such as iron, which allowed for sharper and more durable points. this evolution in arrowhead technology reflects broader trends in ancient warfare, including the increased use of metal weaponry and the refinement of weapon-making techniques. the quality and design of these arrowheads also indicate the skill of elamite metalworkers and their ability to adapt to changing military needs. \n \n elamite period arrowheads also hold archaeological significance, as they have been found in various contexts, including battle sites, defensive structures, and burial sites. their presence in these locations helps researchers understand the scale and nature of conflicts in ancient elam. in burial contexts, arrowheads might be included as grave goods, symbolizing the warrior status of the deceased or reflecting the martial culture of the time."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"166","title":{"es":"elamite arrowhead"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18020/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.738Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18020,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18021/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18021/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: medical instrument, scalpel \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 84 mm x 7 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex polish private collection, e., bought from a private collector in germany in 2003 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman medical scalpel, a vital tool for ancient surgical procedures, was designed for precision and utility in performing various medical treatments. often made from bronze or iron, these scalpels had a sharp, thin blade that could be used for incisions in surgeries or other medical practices. roman surgeons used scalpels for a range of purposes, from minor wounds and injuries to more complex surgeries like removing tumors, treating fractures, or even performing amputations. the roman physician, influenced by earlier greek medical practices, emphasized the importance of such instruments in their approach to medicine, and the scalpel became one of the primary tools in a surgeon\u2019s arsenal. \n \n the design of the roman scalpel was often simple, yet effective. the blade was typically flat or slightly curved, providing the surgeon with better control over delicate procedures. some versions of the scalpel featured handles made from wood or bone, ensuring a firm grip during operation. while roman surgical instruments may not have been as advanced as those used in modern surgery, the craftsmanship and functionality of these tools highlight the romans\u2019 impressive knowledge of medicine and their desire to improve healthcare. the use of scalpels in roman times was primarily focused on traumatic injuries, battlefield wounds, and sometimes even cosmetic procedures like the removal of tumors or cysts. \n \n roman medical instruments, including scalpels, were typically found in medical kits or surgical sets, used by military doctors, known as medici, as well as by private physicians serving the elite. they were an essential part of the medical field, especially in roman military camps, where doctors had to treat wounds and injuries sustained during battle."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"167","title":{"es":"roman medical instrument, scalpel"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18021/view","tags":["escollectibles_scientificinstruments","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.740Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":18021,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18022/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18022/002/002.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: seleucid empire \n \n period: battle against the hasmoneans, 138 b.c \n \n dimensions: 48 mm x 15 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 08.99.16\u2013.17. \n mazis m., wright n.l., archers, antiochos vii sidetes, and the arrowheads, p. 207, fig. a to d. \n t. ariel, d., archaeological evidence for the siege of jerusalem by antiochus vii sidetes, p. 241-242 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n antiochos vii sidetes, a king of the seleucid empire, ruled from 138 to 129 bce. he is often remembered for attempting to restore the waning power of the seleucid state, which had been severely weakened by internal strife and external threats. after ascending to the throne, antiochos vii set his sights on reclaiming territories lost to rival factions, including the judean kingdom led by the hasmonean dynasty. his campaign against the hasmoneans, a jewish ruling family that had established a semi-independent state, was part of his broader strategy to reassert seleucid dominance over the region. \n \n the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans reached a peak during his siege of jerusalem in 134 bce. at this time, john hyrcanus, the hasmonean ruler, was consolidating his power in judea after the death of his father, simon maccabeus. despite their initial resistance, the hasmoneans were forced to negotiate with antiochos vii, who had superior military strength. the siege concluded with a compromise: the hasmoneans retained some level of autonomy, but they were required to pay tribute and acknowledge seleucid authority. this outcome demonstrated antiochos vii\u2019s pragmatic approach to dealing with rebellious territories. \n \n however, antiochos vii's successes in judea were short-lived. he soon launched an ambitious campaign against the parthians, who posed a significant threat to the eastern borders of the seleucid empire. this campaign ended in disaster, as antiochos vii was killed in 129 bce. his death marked the effective end of seleucid influence in judea, allowing the hasmoneans to further consolidate their power and eventually gain full independence. the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans symbolizes the decline of the seleucid empire and the rise of the hasmonean dynasty in the region."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"168","title":{"es":"seleucid arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18022/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.742Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":18022,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18023/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18023/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18023/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ibex figurine \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: bronze age, luristan \n \n period: 1600 - 1000 b.c \n \n dimensions: 40 mm x 28 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n ibex figurines from the luristan period are fascinating artifacts that provide insights into the artistic and cultural achievements of ancient civilizations in what is now modern-day western iran. these figurines, typically crafted from bronze using the lost-wax casting technique, depict ibexes with distinctive curved horns and stylized features. they were produced during the iron age in the region of luristan, which was home to a diverse array of peoples and cultures known for their metallurgical skills and nomadic lifestyles. \n \n the ibex, with its graceful form and imposing horns, held symbolic significance in the religious and cultural beliefs of ancient societies in the near east. in luristan, ibex figurines may have been associated with rituals, ceremonies, or beliefs related to hunting, fertility, or spiritual protection. the choice to depict ibexes in bronze reflects the importance of these animals in the lives of the people of luristan, who relied on hunting for sustenance and survival in their rugged mountainous environment. \n \n the craftsmanship and artistry evident in luristan ibex figurines highlight the technical mastery and creative expression of ancient luristan metallurgists. these figurines showcase the skillful manipulation of bronze to create lifelike representations of ibexes, capturing the essence of these animals with remarkable detail and precision. additionally, the stylized and abstracted features of the ibex figurines suggest a symbolic or ritualistic purpose, inviting further exploration into the religious beliefs and cultural practices of the people of luristan during the iron age."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"169","title":{"es":"bronze age, luristan ibex figurine"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18023/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esdecorativearts_figurines","esart","esdecorativearts_all","esart_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:59.642Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":18023,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18024/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18024/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18024/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18024/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: plate with decoration \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 50 mm x 200 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition, repaired \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, ex german private collection, acquired mid to late 20th century \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman plates from north africa are among the most important artifacts that highlight the region's integration into the larger roman empire and its rich artistic and cultural traditions. these plates were often made from fine terracotta, but higher-end versions were produced in ceramics or glass. the north african region, particularly areas like carthage and other coastal cities, became renowned for the production of high-quality pottery during the roman period. these plates were not just functional items for dining but also served as canvases for decoration. common designs included geometric patterns, figural motifs, and even scenes from mythology, showcasing the fusion of roman artistic styles with local north african influences. \n \n in addition to their decorative qualities, roman plates from north africa are significant for understanding the dietary habits and social practices of the time. plates were commonly used for serving bread, fruits, vegetables, fish, meats, and other foods that were staples in roman cuisine. in the wealthier roman households of north africa, elaborately decorated plates were used in feasts and banquets, sometimes even stamped with the owner's name or symbols of social status. the spread of these plates across the empire, from africa to europe, reflects not only the reach of roman culture but also the intricate trade networks that existed throughout the mediterranean. \n \n the unique style of roman north african plates is also a reflection of the region's artistic heritage. many pieces were influenced by local artistic traditions, incorporating motifs like african animals, berber designs, and regional flora. additionally, the use of vibrant glazes, often in yellow, red, and green hues, became characteristic of north african pottery, setting it apart from other roman ceramics. archaeological finds of these plates in domestic, public, and funerary contexts provide a window into the daily lives of romans in north africa."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"170","title":{"es":"roman plate with decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18024/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:59.644Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18024,"dimensions":{"depth":20},"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18025/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18025/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18025/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: fishing hook \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 75 mm x 42 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie bader (1976), ex private collection, m.e.s., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman fishing hooks, like many of the everyday tools used during the period, reflect the romans' practical approach to life and their sophisticated understanding of craftsmanship. these hooks were made primarily from metal, such as bronze, iron, or occasionally steel, and were designed with a sharp, curved end to catch fish effectively. roman fishing hooks varied in size depending on the type of fish they were intended to catch, from small hooks for freshwater species to larger ones used in saltwater fishing. they were often part of a larger fishing kit that might also include nets, lines, and weights, enabling both leisure and commercial fishing across the roman empire. \n \n fishing was an important activity in roman society, particularly in coastal areas and around rivers where fish were abundant and a significant part of the roman diet. romans used these hooks not only for personal sustenance but also for trade, as fish was a popular commodity in markets throughout the empire. large-scale commercial fishing, especially in the mediterranean, employed these hooks in tandem with other tools such as tridents and larger nets. archaeological evidence suggests that fishing was not just a rural activity but also part of urban life, with fish being a key ingredient in roman feasts and banquets. roman fishmongers, who sold fresh fish, often relied on efficient fishing methods that included hooks and other specialized equipment. \n \n the design of roman fishing hooks varied over time and by region, with some hooks featuring intricate decorations or inscriptions, reflecting the influence of roman culture and artistic traditions. some examples found in archaeological digs are simple, with a single curved barb, while others are more ornate, showcasing local craftsmanship. fishing hooks were sometimes made in the shape of fish or animals, serving both a functional and symbolic purpose. in addition to their practical use in fishing, hooks may have had a symbolic significance in roman culture, representing themes of abundance or connection to nature."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"171","title":{"es":"roman fishing hook"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18025/view","directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2025-03-30T16:53:38.842Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":18025,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":60,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18026/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18026/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18026/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18026/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: iron age, amlash \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 29 mm diameter \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired from london gallery (1970s - 2000s) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the amlash culture thrived in the coastal region of the caspian sea, in what is now iran, during the first millennium bce and particularly flourished between the 9th and 6th centuries bce. while relatively little is known about this culture compared to some of the more prominent ancient civilizations, archaeologists have unearthed significant archaeological remnants in the amlash region that shed light on its history and cultural characteristics. \n \n the amlash culture was characterized by its decorative pottery, which often featured intricate geometric designs and zoomorphic motifs, such as birds and animals. bronze objects, tools, and jewelry have also been discovered, reflecting a notable level of craftsmanship. the economy of the amlash culture was based on agriculture, fishing, and trade. its coastal location allowed for interaction with nearby civilizations, such as the assyrians and the medes. although the amlash culture eventually merged with other cultures over time, its archaeological legacy remains an important testament to cultural diversity in the ancient caspian sea region."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"172","title":{"es":"iron age ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18026/view","tags":["esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","esinternational_all"],"directSalePrice":60,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.743Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - \u20ac120","currency":"EUR","id":18026,"estimateMin":100},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18027/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18027/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18027/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18027/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: oil lamp with leaves and fruit, type bussière b iii 1 \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 65 mm x 90 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex emeritus collection (usa), collected from the 1950\u2019s to the 1980\u2019s by a distinguished university professor who served as department head, dean and vice president of a major university. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a roman oil lamp was a common and essential household item in ancient rome, used primarily for illumination. these lamps were typically made from clay, though some were crafted from bronze, terracotta, or stone. they were often small, portable, and designed to hold a small amount of olive oil as fuel, with a wick inserted into a spout to produce light. the design of roman oil lamps evolved over time, but they generally had a bowl-like shape with a flat base and a single or multiple nozzles from which the wick would protrude. these lamps were used to provide light in homes, baths, and public spaces, making them indispensable in daily life. \n \n roman oil lamps were not only functional but also highly decorative. many lamps were adorned with mythological themes, religious symbols, or everyday scenes, reflecting the culture and values of the roman people. gods and goddesses, such as apollo, venus, and bacchus, were common motifs on the lamps, as were images of animals, athletic competitions, and floral patterns. these decorative elements not only made the lamps attractive but also served to reinforce the religious and social identity of the owner. wealthier individuals might have lamps made from more expensive materials, while simpler designs were more common among the general populace. \n \n the use of oil lamps in the roman world also had significant cultural and symbolic meaning. they were associated with rituals and religion, often used in temples to light altars or in ceremonial settings to honor the gods. in addition, the oil lamp was sometimes used as a symbol of life and knowledge, representing the enduring flame of wisdom. archaeologically, roman oil lamps are valuable for understanding daily life, as they were widespread throughout the empire, from humble homes to elite villas. their presence in tombs also suggests they were considered an important part of the funerary practices, symbolizing the transition from life to the afterlife."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"173","title":{"es":"roman oil lamp with leaves and fruit"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18027/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_lamps","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.714Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":18027,"dimensions":{"depth":9},"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18028/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18028/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18028/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: knife handle in the form of a male head with phrygian cap \n \n material: bone \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 2nd - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 66 mm x 14 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, r.b., acquired in 1979 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the phrygian cap, often associated with freedom and rebellion, was a symbol with deep cultural significance, and its inclusion in the design of a knife handle speaks to roman interest in both the cultural and symbolic associations of objects. this style of knife handle would likely have been used by someone of high social status or importance, as the design is not only decorative but also showcases the wealth and taste of the owner. the male head, possibly a representation of a mythological or historical figure, would have been sculpted with great detail, demonstrating the skill of roman artisans in working with materials such as bronze, ivory, or wood. \n \n the phrygian cap itself had a particular connotation in the roman world, symbolizing liberty and often associated with freedmen and revolutionary figures. its appearance on a knife handle might have had a symbolic meaning, suggesting the owner's connection to these values or perhaps a desire to align themselves with the ideal of freedom. this form of headgear was also famously worn by figures in both greek and roman art as a marker of a distinct cultural identity. its use on a utilitarian object like a knife handle elevates the object from mere functionality to an item of cultural and artistic significance, reflecting how the romans often integrated symbolism into everyday tools. \n \n objects like this knife handle, which combine utility with symbolic art, reflect the roman ability to blend form and function. while knives themselves were essential items used for a variety of tasks, such as eating, cutting, and even in military contexts, their handles were often decorated to reflect personal identity, cultural affiliations, and status. the male head with a phrygian cap on the handle of a knife would have been a striking example of how romans personalized even the most practical of tools."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"174","title":{"es":"roman knife handle in the form of a male head with phrygian cap"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18028/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_knives","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.716Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18028,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18029/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18029/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18029/003/003.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18029/004/004.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: bowl fragment with decoration \n \n material: terra sigillata \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 77 mm x 100 mm \n \n condition: good condition, fragmentary \n \n provenance: ex european private collection, ex galerie mythes et légendes (1989), ex private collection, j.p., switzerland \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman terra sigillata vessels were highly prized in the roman world, particularly during the 1st and 2nd centuries ce, and played a crucial role in both domestic and social settings. this fine, red-glossed pottery was made using a slip technique that gave it a smooth, shiny finish, a characteristic that made it distinct from other types of roman pottery. the production of terra sigillata was centralized in various regions, with major workshops in places like arretium (modern arezzo) in italy, and later in gaul (modern france) and the eastern provinces of the roman empire. these vessels, which included bowls, plates, cups, and pitchers, were used for dining and drinking, and they often featured intricate designs, including stamped or molded patterns depicting mythological figures, gods, and everyday scenes. \n \n the popularity of terra sigillata was not just due to its aesthetic appeal but also its practical advantages. the glossy finish made these vessels easier to clean, and the durability of the material made them suitable for regular use. terra sigillata vessels were often found in roman homes, baths, military forts, and even in tombs, which underscores their widespread use and value. in some cases, these vessels served as status symbols, as their production required specialized skills, and the designs were sometimes personalized to reflect the owner's identity or preferences. the vessels' standardized production allowed for wide distribution throughout the empire, facilitating trade and economic connections across vast regions. \n \n in addition to their everyday utility, terra sigillata vessels also played a significant role in roman culture and society. they were frequently used during banquets, or convivia, where they symbolized roman luxury and refinement. the decorated surfaces of these vessels often depicted themes of roman leisure, including gladiatorial combat, mythological tales, or scenes of drinking and revelry, all of which reflected the cultural values of the time."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"175","title":{"es":"roman bowl fragment with decoration"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18029/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.718Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":18029,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18030/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18030/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: statuette base \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 26 mm x 36 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, ex english private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n a roman bronze statuette base is an important element of ancient roman sculpture, serving both as a functional support for the statuette and as an integral part of the artwork itself. these bases were typically made of bronze, though some were made from other materials such as marble or stone. the base provided stability for the statuette, ensuring it stood upright and remained secure in its placement. roman statuettes, whether depicting gods, emperors, or mythological figures, often required strong and durable bases, especially when made from materials like bronze, which could be heavier than other sculptural mediums. the bases were sometimes designed with intricate detailing or inscriptions, adding a layer of artistic or commemorative value to the overall piece. \n \n the design of the base varied depending on the purpose and the type of statuette it supported. many roman bronze statuettes were intended for display in public or private spaces, and their bases were often designed with attention to aesthetics, complementing the figure above. the base could be a simple, smooth platform or a more elaborate structure featuring relief carvings, decorative motifs, or symbolic images. in some cases, bases were inscribed with the names or titles of the individuals depicted in the statuette, offering a way to identify the subject. these inscriptions might include dedications, honors, or even references to political or religious events, offering a glimpse into the social and cultural context of the time. \n \n roman bronze statuette bases also played a role in the expression of power and status. for instance, when supporting portraits of emperors or public figures, the base often reinforced the political message conveyed by the sculpture itself. bases featuring inscriptions or imagery could be used to commemorate military victories, significant public works, or religious ceremonies, further elevating the status of the individual depicted. additionally, bases could be symbolic of the divine or heroic nature of the figures they supported, such as those representing gods, heroes, or ancestors, and their sculptural elements often emphasized these associations."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"176","title":{"es":"roman statuette base"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18030/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.745Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":18030,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":220,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18031/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18031/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: cooking pot, type 'kedera' \n \n material: pottery \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st century a.d \n \n dimensions: 165 mm x 185 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex jerusalem private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1980 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the roman kedera, a type of cooking pot, was a staple of ancient roman kitchens and is notable for its practicality and durability. the kedera was generally made of coarseware ceramics, chosen for its heat resistance, which allowed for consistent cooking over an open flame. this pot had a rounded body with a wide opening, often featuring two small handles on either side for easy lifting and maneuvering. the design of the kedera made it ideal for boiling, stewing, and slow-cooking, as the shape evenly distributed heat and could withstand the long cooking times needed for many roman dishes. its broad rim also allowed for a lid to be placed on top, helping to retain heat and moisture, which was essential for cooking hearty meals. \n \n this type of pot was used to prepare a variety of staple roman dishes, particularly stews and pottages, which often included grains, vegetables, and sometimes meat or fish. the kedera was favored for its capacity to handle large quantities of food, making it ideal for feeding families or larger gatherings. in roman cuisine, which relied heavily on dishes that could be cooked over a steady flame, the kedera was indispensable. it was also portable, allowing it to be used both in domestic kitchens and in temporary camps or communal gatherings, reflecting the versatility needed for roman cooking practices. recipes such as puls, a porridge made from grain and legumes, or various vegetable stews with herbs and spices, could be made in these pots, highlighting the pot\u2019s essential role in the diet of both the lower and upper classes. \n \n archaeologically, kederai have been found throughout the former roman empire, from domestic sites to military camps, indicating their widespread use and cultural importance. many excavated examples bear the marks of frequent use, such as soot stains and wear, demonstrating their role as kitchen workhorses in roman households. the discovery of these pots in diverse contexts underscores the cultural unity within the empire, as similar cooking practices were shared across various regions."},"estimateMax":400,"lotNumber":"177","title":{"es":"roman cooking pot, type 'kedera'"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18031/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_porcelainceramicsglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":220,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.719Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac400","currency":"EUR","id":18031,"dimensions":{"depth":18.5},"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":40,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18032/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18032/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18032/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lock bolt (lock mechanism) \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 76 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman lock bolts, part of the intricate lock mechanisms used in the ancient roman world, represent a significant advancement in security and privacy during the period. these devices were typically crafted from metal, often bronze or iron, and were designed to secure doors, gates, or chests. the roman lock bolt was a key component in the overall locking mechanism, working in conjunction with a bolt or bar to prevent unauthorized access. roman locks are known for their durability and ingenuity, and while the technology was somewhat basic compared to modern locks, it was effective for the time. the mechanism itself would consist of a bolt that could slide into a locked position when engaged and would be released either by a key or a lever system, providing a degree of security for roman citizens, especially for their homes or valuables. \n \n the design of roman lock bolts was relatively simple but highly functional. most roman locks operated with a bolt that was moved into place by a key, and these locks were often used for private doors or storage containers such as chests. the lock would have a series of interlocking components, with the key typically having teeth that fit into specific grooves or slots on the lock bolt. when the correct key was turned, it would slide the bolt into the open or closed position. some roman locks were equipped with more complex mechanisms, such as multiple locking points or additional components like pins or tumblers, allowing for more secure closure of doors or storage boxes. however, the most common types of locks used during the period were relatively straightforward, designed for everyday use. \n \n roman lock bolts also provide insights into the social and economic structures of ancient roman society. the presence of locks and keys in archaeological sites suggests that privacy, ownership, and the safeguarding of personal property were important aspects of roman life. these devices were particularly common in homes of the wealthier classes, where private rooms, safes, and personal storage areas needed to be protected from theft or intrusion. additionally, locks and keys were used in the military and public buildings, where securing important documents, treasures, or restricted areas was a priority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"178","title":{"es":"roman lock bolt (lock mechanism)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18032/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"soldPrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:38.747Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":18032,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":140,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18033/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18033/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18033/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: seleucid empire \n \n period: battle against the hasmoneans, 138 b.c \n \n dimensions: 85 mm x 12 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n parallel: the metropolitan museum of art, accession number 08.99.16\u2013.17. \n mazis m., wright n.l., archers, antiochos vii sidetes, and the arrowheads, p. 207, fig. a to d. \n t. ariel, d., archaeological evidence for the siege of jerusalem by antiochus vii sidetes, p. 241-242 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n antiochos vii sidetes, a king of the seleucid empire, ruled from 138 to 129 bce. he is often remembered for attempting to restore the waning power of the seleucid state, which had been severely weakened by internal strife and external threats. after ascending to the throne, antiochos vii set his sights on reclaiming territories lost to rival factions, including the judean kingdom led by the hasmonean dynasty. his campaign against the hasmoneans, a jewish ruling family that had established a semi-independent state, was part of his broader strategy to reassert seleucid dominance over the region. \n \n the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans reached a peak during his siege of jerusalem in 134 bce. at this time, john hyrcanus, the hasmonean ruler, was consolidating his power in judea after the death of his father, simon maccabeus. despite their initial resistance, the hasmoneans were forced to negotiate with antiochos vii, who had superior military strength. the siege concluded with a compromise: the hasmoneans retained some level of autonomy, but they were required to pay tribute and acknowledge seleucid authority. this outcome demonstrated antiochos vii\u2019s pragmatic approach to dealing with rebellious territories. \n \n however, antiochos vii's successes in judea were short-lived. he soon launched an ambitious campaign against the parthians, who posed a significant threat to the eastern borders of the seleucid empire. this campaign ended in disaster, as antiochos vii was killed in 129 bce. his death marked the effective end of seleucid influence in judea, allowing the hasmoneans to further consolidate their power and eventually gain full independence. the conflict between antiochos vii and the hasmoneans symbolizes the decline of the seleucid empire and the rise of the hasmonean dynasty in the region."},"estimateMax":200,"lotNumber":"179","title":{"es":"seleucid arrowhead with emblem of antiochos vii sidetes"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18033/view","tags":["escollectibles_militaria","esinternational_middleeastern","esinternational","escollectibles_all","esinternational_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":140,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-30T22:16:32.648Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac200","currency":"EUR","id":18033,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":50,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18034/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18034/002/002.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: idol \n \n material: bone \n \n culture: iron age, punic \n \n period: 1st millenium b.c \n \n dimensions: 35 mm x 14 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex german private collection, r.b, acquired in 1979 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the punic bone idol often depicted anthropomorphic or zoomorphic forms, with human-like figures or stylized representations of animals. these idols might have been linked to fertility rites, ancestor worship, or invoked as charms to protect the home or family. while the specific deities or figures represented by these idols can vary, many have been interpreted as symbols of divine protection, guidance, or power. the anthropomorphic idols typically feature simplified, often exaggerated features, focusing on symbolic representation rather than realistic portraiture. these idols were often placed in household shrines, used during personal prayers or rituals, or buried with individuals to ensure protection in the afterlife. \n \n the presence of punic bone idols in archaeological contexts provides valuable insight into the spiritual and social practices of the carthaginian people. these idols reflect a syncretic blend of indigenous phoenician religious traditions and the local beliefs of the north african regions where the punic civilization thrived. the use of bone as a material also hints at the punic people's reverence for animals, as bones were often associated with strength, endurance, and spiritual connection to the natural world."},"estimateMax":170,"lotNumber":"180","title":{"es":"iron age, punic idol"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18034/view","tags":["esart_ancientsculpture","esart","esart_all"],"directSalePrice":50,"soldPrice":55,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.721Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac170","currency":"EUR","id":18034,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18035/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18035/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18035/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: ring \n \n material: silver \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 2nd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 20 mm x 23 mm \n \n condition: broken \n \n provenance: ex spanish private collection, ex english private collection, acquired before 1990s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman rings were a widespread form of personal adornment in the roman world, worn by individuals of all social classes and carrying both aesthetic and symbolic significance. these rings, made from materials such as gold, silver, bronze, and iron, were not only decorative but also served functional purposes, including signet rings used for sealing documents and personal items. the design of roman rings varied widely, ranging from simple bands to more elaborate pieces featuring gemstones, intaglios, or raised motifs. the variety in styles and materials reflected the wearer\u2019s social status, with wealthier romans opting for rings made from precious metals and adorned with engraved stones, while lower-class individuals might have worn more modest versions made of bronze or iron. \n \n signet rings were among the most iconic roman ring types, featuring engraved designs that could be pressed into wax to mark official documents or identify their owner. these rings were often personalized with family crests, deities, or mythological figures, acting as both a signature and a symbol of power. roman citizens would wear these rings on their right hand, using them in legal and personal matters. the designs on these signet rings often included powerful imagery, such as representations of gods like jupiter or mars, or symbols related to roman identity and family heritage. rings of this kind also served to demonstrate the social prestige of the wearer, with patricians and equestrians using their rings to assert their status within roman society. \n \n roman rings also held deep personal and symbolic meanings, particularly in the context of marriage and loyalty. marriage rings, often simple gold bands, were used as symbols of commitment, much like modern wedding rings. some rings were also associated with religious or spiritual beliefs, featuring inscriptions or symbols meant to provide protection, invoke divine favor, or commemorate a significant event such as a victory in battle."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"181","title":{"es":"roman ring"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18035/view","tags":["esjewelry_rings","esjewelry","esjewelry_all"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.259Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18035,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":40,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18036/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18036/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18036/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"item: lock bolt (lock mechanism) \n \n material: bronze \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 1st - 3rd century a.d \n \n dimensions: 18 mm x 68 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex french private collection, acquired between 1970 - 1990 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman lock bolts, part of the intricate lock mechanisms used in the ancient roman world, represent a significant advancement in security and privacy during the period. these devices were typically crafted from metal, often bronze or iron, and were designed to secure doors, gates, or chests. the roman lock bolt was a key component in the overall locking mechanism, working in conjunction with a bolt or bar to prevent unauthorized access. roman locks are known for their durability and ingenuity, and while the technology was somewhat basic compared to modern locks, it was effective for the time. the mechanism itself would consist of a bolt that could slide into a locked position when engaged and would be released either by a key or a lever system, providing a degree of security for roman citizens, especially for their homes or valuables. \n \n the design of roman lock bolts was relatively simple but highly functional. most roman locks operated with a bolt that was moved into place by a key, and these locks were often used for private doors or storage containers such as chests. the lock would have a series of interlocking components, with the key typically having teeth that fit into specific grooves or slots on the lock bolt. when the correct key was turned, it would slide the bolt into the open or closed position. some roman locks were equipped with more complex mechanisms, such as multiple locking points or additional components like pins or tumblers, allowing for more secure closure of doors or storage boxes. however, the most common types of locks used during the period were relatively straightforward, designed for everyday use. \n \n roman lock bolts also provide insights into the social and economic structures of ancient roman society. the presence of locks and keys in archaeological sites suggests that privacy, ownership, and the safeguarding of personal property were important aspects of roman life. these devices were particularly common in homes of the wealthier classes, where private rooms, safes, and personal storage areas needed to be protected from theft or intrusion. additionally, locks and keys were used in the military and public buildings, where securing important documents, treasures, or restricted areas was a priority."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"182","title":{"es":"roman lock bolt (lock mechanism)"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18036/view","tags":["escollectibles_hardware","escollectibles_all","escollectibles"],"directSalePrice":40,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-23T01:05:54.221Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":18036,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18037/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18037/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18037/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"item: juglet \n \n material: glass \n \n culture: roman \n \n period: 3rd - 4th century a.d \n \n dimensions: 17 mm x 16 mm \n \n condition: good condition \n \n provenance: ex dutch private collection, acquire before 2000s \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 4 to 6 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the amount of the sale, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n roman miniature glass jugs were finely crafted vessels that served both functional and symbolic purposes in daily life and ritual contexts. these small jugs, typically made using glassblowing techniques developed in the 1st century bce, were produced in a variety of shapes and colors, often featuring delicate handles and thin-walled bodies. the transparency and elegance of glass made these vessels highly desirable, and they were often used to store precious liquids such as perfumes, scented oils, or medicinal substances. their small size suggests that they were intended for personal use, possibly carried as part of a traveler\u2019s belongings or placed on dressing tables in roman households. \n \n beyond their domestic function, miniature glass jugs were frequently associated with funerary and religious practices. in burial contexts, they were commonly deposited as grave offerings, likely containing oils or perfumes meant to anoint the deceased in the afterlife. their presence in sanctuaries and temples suggests they may have also been used in ritual libations or as votive offerings to the gods. some examples bear decorative elements, such as molded ribs, applied trails, or iridescent surfaces resulting from centuries of burial, adding to their aesthetic and symbolic value. \n \n these miniature vessels were produced across the roman empire, with notable centers of glassmaking in the eastern mediterranean, italy, and gaul. their widespread distribution indicates their popularity and the efficiency of roman trade networks."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"183","title":{"es":"roman juglet"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18037/view","tags":["esdecorativearts_antiqueglass","esdecorativearts_all","esdecorativearts"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.261Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18037,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":220,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18038/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18038/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18038/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 36 mm, 26,1 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nerva traian avg germ p m. laureate head right. \n \n reverse: tr pot cos iiii p p / s c. pax seated left on throne, holding branch and sceptre. \n \n references: woytek 107a, ric 432 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":320,"lotNumber":"184","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18038/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":220,"soldPrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.263Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac320","currency":"EUR","id":18038,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":220,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18039/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18039/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18039/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 32 mm, 24,36 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac p m tr p cos v p p, laureate bust right, with slight drapery \n \n reverse: s p q r optimo principi / s - c, roma seated left on cuirass, holding sceptre and crowning victory. \n \n references: ric 489 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":320,"lotNumber":"185","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18039/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":220,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.264Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac320","currency":"EUR","id":18039,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18040/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18040/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18040/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: as \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 26 mm, 12,11 gr \n \n obverse: laureate bust right. imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac pm trp cos v p p \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi, sc in ex, victory walking left, holding wreath and palm \n \n references: cohen 436, ric 521 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":240,"lotNumber":"186","title":{"es":"roman, as, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18040/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.266Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac240","currency":"EUR","id":18040,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":180,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18041/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18041/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18041/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: dupondius \n \n material: orichalcum \n \n size & weight: 23 mm, 9,24 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes ner traiano optim avg ger dac parthico, radiate and draped bust of trajan to right \n \n reverse: p m tr pot xx cos vi p p around s c within wreath. \n \n references: bmc 1099, cohen 286, ric 659 corr. (obverse legend), woytek 933v \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":290,"lotNumber":"187","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18041/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":180,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.267Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac240 - \u20ac290","currency":"EUR","id":18041,"estimateMin":240},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18042/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18042/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18042/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: dupondius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 11,38 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac pm tr p cos v pp t, radiate bust right with slight drapery on shoulder \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi / s-c (in fields), cuirass set upright to front. \n \n references: bmc 1952, 913, ric 582 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"188","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18042/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.269Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18042,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":190,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18043/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18043/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18043/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 27,50 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac pm tr p cos v pp, laureate bust right, slight drapery on left shoulder \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi / s c on exergue, roma seated left on cuirass, holding victory and spear; left foot on a dacian helmet, arms behind \n \n references: bmc 165, 778, ric 489 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":320,"lotNumber":"189","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18043/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":190,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.272Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac320","currency":"EUR","id":18043,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":170,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18044/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18044/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18044/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 33 mm, 25,09 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac pm trp cos v p p, laureate head right \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi, s-c across fields, pax standing left, holding branch and cornucopiae, foot on dacian captive \n \n references: ric 503, cohen 407 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":290,"lotNumber":"190","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18044/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":170,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.274Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac290","currency":"EUR","id":18044,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":190,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18045/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18045/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18045/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 35 mm, 28,35 gr \n \n obverse: hadrianvs avgvstvs p p, laureate head right, slight drapery on left shoulder \n \n reverse: hilaritas p r s-c, cos iii in ex, hilaritas standing facing holding palm and cornucopiae, two small children at her sides \n \n references: cohen 819 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":290,"lotNumber":"191","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18045/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":190,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.093Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac250 - \u20ac290","currency":"EUR","id":18045,"estimateMin":250},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18046/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18046/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18046/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: as \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 26 mm, 10,31 gr \n \n obverse: imp caesar traianvs hadrianvs avg, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: pont max tr pot cos iii, pietas standing left, raising both hands in prayer before altar, pie-avg and s-c across fields \n \n references: ric 579a, cohen 1022, bmc 1176 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"192","title":{"es":"roman, as, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18046/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.096Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18046,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18047/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18047/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18047/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 23,04 gr \n \n obverse: imp caesar traianvs hadrianvs avg, laureate bust right \n \n reverse: pont max tr pot cos iii, felicitas standing, head left, holding corn-ears and cornucopiae. \n \n references: ric 563a, cohen 1192 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"193","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18047/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.097Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18047,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18048/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18048/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18048/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 30 mm, 21,14 gr \n \n obverse: hadrianvs avg cos iii p p, laureate head right \n \n reverse: fides pvblica s-c, fides standing right holding corn ears and basket of fruit \n \n references: cohen 720 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"194","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18048/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.099Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18048,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18049/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18049/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18049/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: drachm \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 31 mm, 24,79 gr \n \n obverse: avt kaic tρaian aδρianoc ceb, laureate, draped, cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: len-neak δ, elpis standing left, holding flower and raising hem of robe \n \n references: dattari 1689, milne 1466 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"195","title":{"es":"roman, drachm, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18049/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.100Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18049,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18050/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18050/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18050/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: dupondius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 25 mm, 11,04 gr \n \n obverse: imp caesar hadrianvs avg, radiate bust right, with slight drapery \n \n reverse: pont max tr pot cos ii / s - c / annona avg, annona standing left, holding cornucopia and grain ears over modius to left; prow to right \n \n references: ric 555 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"196","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18050/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.101Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18050,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":280,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18051/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18051/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18051/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 27,02 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac p m tr p cos v p p, laureate bust right, slight drapery on far shoulder. \n \n reverse: s p q r optimo principi, dacia, in attitude of mourning, seated left on shields, trophy of arms to left; sc in exergue. \n \n references: ric ii 564, woytek-326b, bmcre-791 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"197","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18051/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":280,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.102Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":18051,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18052/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18052/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18052/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 34 mm, 25,96 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes ner traiano optimo avg ger dac parthico pm tr p cos vi p p, laureate and draped bust right \n \n reverse: providentia avgvsti spqr / s - c, providentia standing left, holding sceptre and leaning on column, pointing to globe at feet \n \n references: woytek 591v, ric 663 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":300,"lotNumber":"198","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18052/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.103Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac200 - \u20ac300","currency":"EUR","id":18052,"estimateMin":200},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18053/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18053/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18053/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: as \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 9,21 gr \n \n obverse: hadrianvs avg cos iii p p. bareheaded and draped bust right. \n \n reverse: aegyptos / s c. egypt reclining left, holding sistrum and resting elbow upon modius filled with grain ears; to left, ibis standing right on column. \n \n references: ric 838 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"199","title":{"es":"roman, as, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18053/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.105Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18053,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18054/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18054/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18054/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: as \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 9,21 gr \n \n obverse: hadrianvs avgvstvs, laureate head right \n \n reverse: salvs avgvsti s-c, cos iii below, salus standing left holding patera, feeding serpent arising from altar \n \n references: ric 678, cohen 1357, bmc 1349 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":190,"lotNumber":"200","title":{"es":"roman, as, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18054/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:40.106Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac190","currency":"EUR","id":18054,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":70,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18055/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18055/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18055/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 18 mm, 2,95 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nerva traian avg germ, laureate head right \n \n reverse: p m trp cos iiii p p, abundantia seated left, holding sceptre, on chair with crossed cornucopiae as arms, fold of drapery over lap \n \n references: rsc 237, ric 54 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"201","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18055/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":70,"soldPrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.199Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18055,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18056/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18056/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18056/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 19,9 mm, 2,91 gr \n \n obverse: imp traiano avg ger dac pm trp cos vi pp, laureate head right, drapery on left shoulder \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi, trajan on horseback left carrying spear \n \n references: ric 291, rsc 497a, bmc 445 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"202","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18056/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.201Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18056,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18057/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18057/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18057/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 18,70 mm, 3,14 gr \n \n obverse: imp traiano avg ger dac pm trp, laureate bust right \n \n reverse: cos v pp spqr optimo princ, victory, standing left on shields, holding wreth and palm \n \n references: ric 129, rsc 76, strack 127 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"203","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18057/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.203Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18057,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":120,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18058/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18058/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18058/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 19,20 mm, 3,37 gr \n \n obverse: traiano avg ger dac pm trp cos vi pp, laureate head right \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi, goddess reclining left on rocks with wheel and branch, via traiana in exergue \n \n references: ric 266, rsc 648 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":220,"lotNumber":"204","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18058/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":120,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.204Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac180 - \u20ac220","currency":"EUR","id":18058,"estimateMin":180},{"startPrice":70,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18059/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18059/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18059/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 18 mm, 3,10 gr \n \n obverse: hadrianvs avg cos iii p p, bare head right \n \n reverse: fides pvblica, fides standing right, holding a basket of fruit and corn-ears \n \n references: ric ii 241a, rsc 717 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"205","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18059/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":70,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.206Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac130 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18059,"estimateMin":130},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18060/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18060/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18060/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 16 mm, 3,30 gr \n \n obverse: hadrianvs avgvstvs, bare head right \n \n reverse: ivstitia avg p p / cos iii in exergue, justitia seated left, holding patera and sceptre \n \n references: ric ii, part 3 (se) hadrian 1027 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"206","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18060/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.207Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18060,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18061/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18061/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18061/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 19 mm, 3,24 gr \n \n obverse: traiano avg ger dac pm trp, laureate bust right, draped left shoulder \n \n reverse: cos v pp spqr optimo princ, felicitas standing left, holding caduceus and leaning on column \n \n references: rsc 81b, ric 120 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"207","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18061/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.209Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18061,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18062/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18062/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18062/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: hadrian \n \n date: 117 - 138 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 19 mm, 2,64 gr \n \n obverse: imp caesar traian hadrianvs avg, laureate head right, slight drapery on left shoulder \n \n reverse: p m tr p cos iii, victory flying right, holding trophy \n \n references: ric 101b, rsc 1132 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n hadrian ruled as roman emperor from 117 to 138 ad, succeeding trajan and shifting the empire\u2019s focus from expansion to consolidation. unlike his predecessor, hadrian prioritized strengthening rome\u2019s borders rather than seeking further conquests. he is best known for constructing hadrian\u2019s wall in britain, a massive fortification marking the empire\u2019s northernmost boundary, designed to defend against tribal incursions. hadrian was also a great admirer of greek culture, earning him the reputation of a philhellene. his reign emphasized administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and architectural development, leaving a lasting impact on the roman world. \n \n hadrian\u2019s coinage, particularly his denarii, reflects his priorities and the image he sought to project. the obverse of his denarii typically features his bearded portrait, a departure from the clean-shaven tradition of earlier emperors, symbolizing both his greek influence and wisdom. the reverse often depicts themes of peace, stability, and provincial unity, with personifications of the empire\u2019s various regions, such as britannia, hispania, and egypt. his coins also celebrate rome\u2019s gods, virtues, and infrastructure projects, reinforcing his role as a protector and benefactor of the empire. these images served as powerful propaganda, reinforcing hadrian\u2019s vision of a well-defended, prosperous rome. \n \n hadrian\u2019s rule was marked by extensive travel throughout the empire, as he personally oversaw its administration and military defenses. his visits to distant provinces, from britain to judea, helped solidify loyalty and maintain stability. however, his reign was not without conflict\u2014his suppression of the bar kokhba revolt (132\u2013136 ad) in judea was particularly brutal, leading to widespread destruction and forced displacement of the jewish population. despite such challenges, hadrian is remembered as a capable and visionary ruler, whose policies of consolidation and cultural patronage shaped the roman empire for decades after his death."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"208","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, hadrian, 117 - 138 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18062/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.210Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18062,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":80,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18063/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18063/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18063/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: antoninus pius \n \n date: 138 - 161 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 18 mm, 3,00 gr \n \n obverse: antoninvs avg pivs pp, laureate head right \n \n reverse: tr pot cos iiii, liberalitas standing left with coin dispenser and cornucopiae, lib - iiii on either side \n \n references: rsc 491 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n antoninus pius was a roman emperor who ruled from 138 to 161 ad and is remembered for his peaceful and prosperous reign. unlike many of his predecessors, he did not engage in significant military campaigns but instead focused on administrative efficiency, legal reforms, and infrastructure projects throughout the empire. his rule marked a period of internal stability, and he was highly regarded for his piety, earning him the title \"pius\" after he persuaded the senate to deify his adoptive father, hadrian. his governance helped solidify the foundations of the roman empire during the height of the pax romana. \n \n the denarius was one of the primary silver coins used during antoninus pius\u2019s reign, continuing a tradition that had existed for centuries. these coins typically featured a portrait of the emperor on the obverse, often with a laurel wreath, signifying his authority and divine favor. the reverse depicted various symbols of rome's strength, including deities, allegorical figures, or military imagery, reflecting his administration's emphasis on civic and religious stability. some denarii from his time also honored his wife, faustina the elder, after her deification, showcasing the roman practice of integrating imperial family members into state religion."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"209","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, antoninus pius, 138 - 161 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18063/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":80,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.211Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac130 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18063,"estimateMin":130},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18064/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18064/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18064/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marc antony \n \n date: patrae (?), 32-31 b.c \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver, ar \n \n size & weight: 17 mm, 3,4 gr \n \n obverse: ant avg iii vir r p c, praetorian galley \n \n reverse: leg iii, legionary eagle between two standards. \n \n references: cra, 544/15, rsc 28 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the battle of actium, fought on september 2, 31 bce, was the climactic confrontation between mark antony, backed by cleopatra vii of egypt, and octavian, later known as augustus, who became the first roman emperor. the clash emerged out of a prolonged power struggle in the roman republic following the assassination of julius caesar, which left a power vacuum. mark antony, a roman general and supporter of caesar, formed an alliance with cleopatra and commanded the eastern half of rome's territories, while octavian controlled the west. their rivalry intensified over time, fueled by octavian\u2019s portrayal of antony as a traitor who had \"abandoned\" rome for egypt and cleopatra, a move that allegedly threatened roman values and security. antony's relationship with cleopatra was exploited by octavian to paint him as under foreign influence, an affront to roman ideals that octavian leveraged for political support. \n \n the battle itself took place off the coast of actium, in northwestern greece. antony\u2019s forces, composed largely of egyptian ships under cleopatra's command, were positioned defensively in the gulf of ambracia, while octavian's fleet, commanded by agrippa, blockaded them from the sea. despite having numerical superiority, antony's forces were handicapped by poor morale, shortages of supplies, and a fleet that struggled to match octavian\u2019s more agile ships. agrippa\u2019s strategy of cutting antony's supply lines ultimately forced antony to break out of the gulf, leading to a chaotic naval engagement. cleopatra\u2019s flagship, along with a few others, famously deserted mid-battle, prompting antony to follow her, which led to the disintegration of his forces. this decisive victory for octavian effectively crushed antony's and cleopatra\u2019s power in the eastern mediterranean. \n \n the aftermath of actium had significant consequences for rome and egypt. antony and cleopatra retreated to egypt, where they committed suicide the following year. octavian\u2019s unchallenged rule allowed him to annex egypt as a roman province, seizing cleopatra\u2019s wealth to consolidate his own power and effectively ending the ptolemaic dynasty. actium marked the end of the roman republic and the beginning of the roman empire under octavian, who assumed the title of augustus in 27 bce. this victory established augustus as rome's supreme leader, bringing stability to a rome that had been wracked by civil wars and setting the stage for a period of peace and prosperity known as the pax romana."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"210","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marc antony, 32-31 b.c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18064/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.213Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18064,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18065/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18065/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18065/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marc antony \n \n date: patrae (?), 32-31 b.c \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver, ar \n \n size & weight: 17 mm, 3,2 gr \n \n obverse: ant avg iii vir r p c, praetorian galley \n \n reverse: leg x, legionary eagle between two standards. \n \n references: cra. 544/24, rsc 38 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the battle of actium, fought on september 2, 31 bce, was the climactic confrontation between mark antony, backed by cleopatra vii of egypt, and octavian, later known as augustus, who became the first roman emperor. the clash emerged out of a prolonged power struggle in the roman republic following the assassination of julius caesar, which left a power vacuum. mark antony, a roman general and supporter of caesar, formed an alliance with cleopatra and commanded the eastern half of rome's territories, while octavian controlled the west. their rivalry intensified over time, fueled by octavian\u2019s portrayal of antony as a traitor who had \"abandoned\" rome for egypt and cleopatra, a move that allegedly threatened roman values and security. antony's relationship with cleopatra was exploited by octavian to paint him as under foreign influence, an affront to roman ideals that octavian leveraged for political support. \n \n the battle itself took place off the coast of actium, in northwestern greece. antony\u2019s forces, composed largely of egyptian ships under cleopatra's command, were positioned defensively in the gulf of ambracia, while octavian's fleet, commanded by agrippa, blockaded them from the sea. despite having numerical superiority, antony's forces were handicapped by poor morale, shortages of supplies, and a fleet that struggled to match octavian\u2019s more agile ships. agrippa\u2019s strategy of cutting antony's supply lines ultimately forced antony to break out of the gulf, leading to a chaotic naval engagement. cleopatra\u2019s flagship, along with a few others, famously deserted mid-battle, prompting antony to follow her, which led to the disintegration of his forces. this decisive victory for octavian effectively crushed antony's and cleopatra\u2019s power in the eastern mediterranean. \n \n the aftermath of actium had significant consequences for rome and egypt. antony and cleopatra retreated to egypt, where they committed suicide the following year. octavian\u2019s unchallenged rule allowed him to annex egypt as a roman province, seizing cleopatra\u2019s wealth to consolidate his own power and effectively ending the ptolemaic dynasty. actium marked the end of the roman republic and the beginning of the roman empire under octavian, who assumed the title of augustus in 27 bce. this victory established augustus as rome's supreme leader, bringing stability to a rome that had been wracked by civil wars and setting the stage for a period of peace and prosperity known as the pax romana."},"estimateMax":140,"lotNumber":"211","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marc antony, 32-31 b.c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18065/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.985Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":18065,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":95,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18066/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18066/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18066/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marcus aurelius \n \n date: 159 - 160 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 26 mm, 16,88 gr \n \n obverse: avrelivs caesar avg pii f, draped and cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: tr pot xiiii cos ii, mars advancing right, holding spear and trophy; s-c across fields. \n \n references: ric 1354b. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"212","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, marcus aurelius, 159 - 160 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18066/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.987Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":18066,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18067/001/001.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marc antony \n \n date: patrae (?), 32-31 b.c \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver, ar \n \n size & weight: 18 mm, 2,7 gr \n \n obverse: ant avg iii vir r p c, praetorian galley \n \n reverse: leg viii, legionary eagle between two standards. \n \n references: crawford 544/21 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the battle of actium, fought on september 2, 31 bce, was the climactic confrontation between mark antony, backed by cleopatra vii of egypt, and octavian, later known as augustus, who became the first roman emperor. the clash emerged out of a prolonged power struggle in the roman republic following the assassination of julius caesar, which left a power vacuum. mark antony, a roman general and supporter of caesar, formed an alliance with cleopatra and commanded the eastern half of rome's territories, while octavian controlled the west. their rivalry intensified over time, fueled by octavian\u2019s portrayal of antony as a traitor who had \"abandoned\" rome for egypt and cleopatra, a move that allegedly threatened roman values and security. antony's relationship with cleopatra was exploited by octavian to paint him as under foreign influence, an affront to roman ideals that octavian leveraged for political support. \n \n the battle itself took place off the coast of actium, in northwestern greece. antony\u2019s forces, composed largely of egyptian ships under cleopatra's command, were positioned defensively in the gulf of ambracia, while octavian's fleet, commanded by agrippa, blockaded them from the sea. despite having numerical superiority, antony's forces were handicapped by poor morale, shortages of supplies, and a fleet that struggled to match octavian\u2019s more agile ships. agrippa\u2019s strategy of cutting antony's supply lines ultimately forced antony to break out of the gulf, leading to a chaotic naval engagement. cleopatra\u2019s flagship, along with a few others, famously deserted mid-battle, prompting antony to follow her, which led to the disintegration of his forces. this decisive victory for octavian effectively crushed antony's and cleopatra\u2019s power in the eastern mediterranean. \n \n the aftermath of actium had significant consequences for rome and egypt. antony and cleopatra retreated to egypt, where they committed suicide the following year. octavian\u2019s unchallenged rule allowed him to annex egypt as a roman province, seizing cleopatra\u2019s wealth to consolidate his own power and effectively ending the ptolemaic dynasty. actium marked the end of the roman republic and the beginning of the roman empire under octavian, who assumed the title of augustus in 27 bce. this victory established augustus as rome's supreme leader, bringing stability to a rome that had been wracked by civil wars and setting the stage for a period of peace and prosperity known as the pax romana."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"213","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marc antony, 32-31 b.c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18067/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:47.989Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac100 - 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244 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18072/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":95,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.008Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac130 - \u20ac140","currency":"EUR","id":18072,"estimateMin":130},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18073/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18073/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18073/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: julia domna \n \n date: 198 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 28 mm, 23,82 gr \n \n obverse: ivlia avgvsta draped bust right, hair in bun behind. \n \n reverse: mater devm, cybele seated left, between two lions, holding branch and resting arm on drum. \n \n references: ric 859, cohen 124, bmc 772 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"219","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, julia domna, 198 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18073/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.012Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":18073,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":30,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18074/001/001.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marc antony \n \n date: patrae (?), 32-31 b.c \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver, ar \n \n size & weight: 17 mm, 3,2 gr \n \n obverse: ant avg iii vir r p c, praetorian galley \n \n reverse: leg vii, legionary eagle between two standards. \n \n references: crawford 544/20 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the battle of actium, fought on september 2, 31 bce, was the climactic confrontation between mark antony, backed by cleopatra vii of egypt, and octavian, later known as augustus, who became the first roman emperor. the clash emerged out of a prolonged power struggle in the roman republic following the assassination of julius caesar, which left a power vacuum. mark antony, a roman general and supporter of caesar, formed an alliance with cleopatra and commanded the eastern half of rome's territories, while octavian controlled the west. their rivalry intensified over time, fueled by octavian\u2019s portrayal of antony as a traitor who had \"abandoned\" rome for egypt and cleopatra, a move that allegedly threatened roman values and security. antony's relationship with cleopatra was exploited by octavian to paint him as under foreign influence, an affront to roman ideals that octavian leveraged for political support. \n \n the battle itself took place off the coast of actium, in northwestern greece. antony\u2019s forces, composed largely of egyptian ships under cleopatra's command, were positioned defensively in the gulf of ambracia, while octavian's fleet, commanded by agrippa, blockaded them from the sea. despite having numerical superiority, antony's forces were handicapped by poor morale, shortages of supplies, and a fleet that struggled to match octavian\u2019s more agile ships. agrippa\u2019s strategy of cutting antony's supply lines ultimately forced antony to break out of the gulf, leading to a chaotic naval engagement. cleopatra\u2019s flagship, along with a few others, famously deserted mid-battle, prompting antony to follow her, which led to the disintegration of his forces. this decisive victory for octavian effectively crushed antony's and cleopatra\u2019s power in the eastern mediterranean. \n \n the aftermath of actium had significant consequences for rome and egypt. antony and cleopatra retreated to egypt, where they committed suicide the following year. octavian\u2019s unchallenged rule allowed him to annex egypt as a roman province, seizing cleopatra\u2019s wealth to consolidate his own power and effectively ending the ptolemaic dynasty. actium marked the end of the roman republic and the beginning of the roman empire under octavian, who assumed the title of augustus in 27 bce. this victory established augustus as rome's supreme leader, bringing stability to a rome that had been wracked by civil wars and setting the stage for a period of peace and prosperity known as the pax romana."},"estimateMax":90,"lotNumber":"220","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marc antony, 32-31 b.c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18074/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":30,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:48.016Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac90","currency":"EUR","id":18074,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18075/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18075/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18075/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: marc antony \n \n date: patrae (?), 32-31 b.c \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver, ar \n \n size & weight: 15 mm, 2,94 gr \n \n obverse: ant avg iii vir r p c, praetorian galley \n \n reverse: leg xiii, legionary eagle between two standards. \n \n references: crawford 544/27, rsc 42 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n the battle of actium, fought on september 2, 31 bce, was the climactic confrontation between mark antony, backed by cleopatra vii of egypt, and octavian, later known as augustus, who became the first roman emperor. the clash emerged out of a prolonged power struggle in the roman republic following the assassination of julius caesar, which left a power vacuum. mark antony, a roman general and supporter of caesar, formed an alliance with cleopatra and commanded the eastern half of rome's territories, while octavian controlled the west. their rivalry intensified over time, fueled by octavian\u2019s portrayal of antony as a traitor who had \"abandoned\" rome for egypt and cleopatra, a move that allegedly threatened roman values and security. antony's relationship with cleopatra was exploited by octavian to paint him as under foreign influence, an affront to roman ideals that octavian leveraged for political support. \n \n the battle itself took place off the coast of actium, in northwestern greece. antony\u2019s forces, composed largely of egyptian ships under cleopatra's command, were positioned defensively in the gulf of ambracia, while octavian's fleet, commanded by agrippa, blockaded them from the sea. despite having numerical superiority, antony's forces were handicapped by poor morale, shortages of supplies, and a fleet that struggled to match octavian\u2019s more agile ships. agrippa\u2019s strategy of cutting antony's supply lines ultimately forced antony to break out of the gulf, leading to a chaotic naval engagement. cleopatra\u2019s flagship, along with a few others, famously deserted mid-battle, prompting antony to follow her, which led to the disintegration of his forces. this decisive victory for octavian effectively crushed antony's and cleopatra\u2019s power in the eastern mediterranean. \n \n the aftermath of actium had significant consequences for rome and egypt. antony and cleopatra retreated to egypt, where they committed suicide the following year. octavian\u2019s unchallenged rule allowed him to annex egypt as a roman province, seizing cleopatra\u2019s wealth to consolidate his own power and effectively ending the ptolemaic dynasty. actium marked the end of the roman republic and the beginning of the roman empire under octavian, who assumed the title of augustus in 27 bce. this victory established augustus as rome's supreme leader, bringing stability to a rome that had been wracked by civil wars and setting the stage for a period of peace and prosperity known as the pax romana."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"221","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, marc antony, 32-31 b.c"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18075/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.577Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18075,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":300,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18076/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18076/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18076/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: domitian to antoninus pius \n \n date: 81 - 161 a.d \n \n denomination: tessera \n \n material: bronze, ae \n \n size & weight: 19 mm, 2,8 gr \n \n obverse: modius with three grain ears \n \n reverse: cantharus \n \n references: c. viii p. 272, 55. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n in ancient rome, the term \"tessera\" was also applied to small tokens or objects used in ways beyond mosaics, particularly in the realm of coinage and commerce. while not strictly currency, tesserae often functioned in similar roles, serving as token coins or vouchers within specific economic contexts. unlike standard roman coins, tesserae were typically made from cheaper materials such as lead, bronze, or clay, making them accessible for everyday use by a wider portion of the population. these tokens were occasionally issued by private individuals, businesses, or local municipalities and could be exchanged for goods, services, or even certain privileges within rome and throughout the empire. \n \n roman tesserae also played a significant role in providing access to state-sponsored grain distributions (known as annona) and other public benefits, especially for poorer citizens in urban areas like rome. these tokens, sometimes known as \"tessera frumentaria, \" could be exchanged at designated distribution centers to receive rations of grain or other staples. the presence of these tesserae helped rome manage its social welfare system and guaranteed that resources were distributed to citizens in a controlled, organized manner. in this sense, tesserae were invaluable to the logistical structure of ancient rome, allowing for systematic and equitable distribution while minimizing fraud or misappropriation of state resources. \n \n the design of tesserae was often simple, with inscriptions or symbols that denoted their intended use, issuer, or value. these inscriptions could include references to the specific goods or services redeemable with the token, as well as the official entities or institutions that issued them. occasionally, tesserae would bear the likenesses of emperors or deities, similar to regular coinage, lending an air of authority and legitimacy to the tokens. while tesserae did not replace coins in formal commerce, their usage provided a flexible and pragmatic solution to meet the everyday needs of rome's vast population, especially in environments like marketplaces, theaters, and other communal venues. these tokens offer modern archaeologists and historians a glimpse into the economic and social mechanisms that helped support daily life in the roman empire."},"estimateMax":500,"lotNumber":"222","title":{"es":"roman, tessera, domitian to antoninus pius, 81-161 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18076/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":300,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.580Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac400 - \u20ac500","currency":"EUR","id":18076,"estimateMin":400},{"startPrice":100,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18077/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18077/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18077/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: commodus \n \n date: 180 - 192 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 24,16 gr \n \n obverse: imp l avrel commodvs avg germ sarm, laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: tr p ii cos p p s-c, pile of captured arms, de germanis below. \n \n references: cohen 79; ric iii 1570 (aurelius) \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"223","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, commodus, 180 - 192 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18077/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":100,"soldPrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.582Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac130 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18077,"estimateMin":130},{"startPrice":100,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18078/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18078/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18078/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina ii \n \n date: 147 - 175 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 30 mm, 21,18 gr \n \n obverse: favstina avg pii avg fil. bar- headed and draped bust right with hair waved and coiled on back of head. \n \n reverse: s c diana standing left, holding arrow in right hand, and resting left on bow. \n \n references: cohen 206 srcv 4717 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":150,"lotNumber":"224","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, faustina ii, 147 - 175 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18078/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":100,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.584Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac140 - \u20ac150","currency":"EUR","id":18078,"estimateMin":140},{"startPrice":110,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18079/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18079/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18079/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: commodus \n \n date: 180 - 192 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 28 mm, 23,89 gr \n \n obverse: m commodvs anton avg pivs brit, laureate head right \n \n reverse: p m tr p x imp vii cos iiii p p s-c, vic brit in ex, victory seated right on pile of arms, shields below, inscribing shield on her knee. \n \n references: ric 451 bmc 559, cohen 946 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"225","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, commodus, 180 - 192 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18079/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":110,"soldPrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.585Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":18079,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":110,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18080/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18080/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18080/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: crispina, wife of commodus \n \n date: 178 - 182 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 22,76 gr \n \n obverse: crispina avgvsta, draped bust right \n \n reverse: concordia s-c, concord seated left with patera and cornucopiae. \n \n references: ric 665, cohen 6, bmc 406,409 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":160,"lotNumber":"226","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, crispina, wife of commodus, 178 - 182 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18080/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":110,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.587Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac160","currency":"EUR","id":18080,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18081/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18081/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18081/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: philip i \n \n date: 244 - 249 a.d \n \n denomination: tetradrachm \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 27 mm, 11,23 gr \n \n obverse: radiate and cuirassed bust l. \n \n reverse: eagle standing r., with wings spread, holding wreath in beak; in exergue, antioxia sc. \n \n references: prieur 434. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"227","title":{"es":"roman, tetradrachm, philip i, 244 - 249 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18081/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.588Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":18081,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18082/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18082/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18082/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: philip i \n \n date: 244 - 249 a.d \n \n denomination: tetradrachm \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 26,5 mm, 12,31 gr \n \n obverse: radiate, draped and cuirassed bust r. \n \n reverse: eagle standing facing on palm branch, head and tail l., with wings spread, holding wreath in beak; in exergue, sc. \n \n references: prieur 319 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"228","title":{"es":"roman, tetradrachm, philip i, 244 - 249 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18082/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.589Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":18082,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":130,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18083/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18083/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18083/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: lucius verus \n \n date: 161 - 169 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 22,10 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes l avrel vervs avg, laureate head right \n \n reverse: concord avgvstor tr p ii, marcus aurelius standing facing, head to left and holding scroll, clasping hands with lucius verus; s-c across fields, cos ii in exergue. \n \n references: ric 1284; c. 161; bmc 1023. \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":170,"lotNumber":"229","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, lucius verus, 161 - 169 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18083/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":130,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.590Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac150 - \u20ac170","currency":"EUR","id":18083,"estimateMin":150},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18084/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18084/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18084/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: titus \n \n date: 79 - 81 a.d \n \n denomination: dupondius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 28,60 mm, 13,03 gr \n \n obverse: t\u2022caesar\u2022imp\u2022pont, laureate head right \n \n reverse: tr\u2022pot\u2022cos iii\u2022censor, winged caduceus between crossed cornuacopiae \n \n references: cohen 326, rpc 1991 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":100,"lotNumber":"230","title":{"es":"roman, dupondius, titus, 79 - 81 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18084/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":50,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.592Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac80 - \u20ac100","currency":"EUR","id":18084,"estimateMin":80},{"startPrice":90,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18085/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18085/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18085/003/003.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: vespasian \n \n date: 69 - 79 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 19 mm, 2,74 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes vesp avg pm cos iiii cen, laureate head right \n \n reverse: fides pvbl, clasped hands holding caduceus, poppies and corn-ears. \n \n references: ric [1962] 55, rsc 164, bmc 86 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":130,"lotNumber":"231","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, vespasian, 69 - 79 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18085/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"soldPrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.879Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac120 - \u20ac130","currency":"EUR","id":18085,"estimateMin":120},{"startPrice":200,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18086/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18086/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18086/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: as \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 26 mm, 11,30 gr \n \n obverse: imp caes nervae traiano avg ger dac p m tr p cos v p p, laureate head right, slight drapery on far shoulder \n \n reverse: spqr optimo principi, victory advancing left, with branch and palm, s-c across fields \n \n references: ric 521 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":350,"lotNumber":"232","title":{"es":"roman, as, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18086/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":200,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.881Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac300 - \u20ac350","currency":"EUR","id":18086,"estimateMin":300},{"startPrice":90,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18087/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18087/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18087/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: trajan \n \n date: 98 - 117 a.d \n \n denomination: denarius \n \n material: silver \n \n size & weight: 20 mm, 3,48 gr \n \n obverse: imp traiano avg ger dac p m tr p, laureate head right, with slight drapery on left shoulder \n \n reverse: cos v p p spqr optimo princ, roma seated left holding victory and spear \n \n references: ric 116, bmcre 276, rsc 69, woytek 281b \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n trajan was one of rome\u2019s greatest emperors, ruling from 98 to 117 ad. he is best known for his military conquests, particularly his successful campaigns against dacia (modern romania), which brought immense wealth into the empire and funded large-scale public works. his reign marked the greatest territorial expansion of rome, stretching the empire\u2019s borders to their furthest extent. beyond his military achievements, trajan was a highly capable administrator who invested in infrastructure, building roads, aqueducts, and monuments such as trajan\u2019s forum and trajan\u2019s column, the latter commemorating his dacian victories. his rule is often regarded as a golden age of rome, and he was later honored with the title optimus princeps (\"best ruler\"). \n \n the denarius of trajan reflects both his military success and his commitment to civic development. these silver coins commonly depict his bust on the obverse, showcasing his strong and dignified profile, often with a laurel wreath symbolizing victory. the reverse frequently features imagery celebrating his triumphs, such as dacian captives, the goddess victoria (victory), or allegorical figures representing roman prosperity. other denarii highlight his dedication to public welfare, depicting aequitas (fairness) and abundantia (abundance), reinforcing his image as a just and generous ruler. his coinage was widely circulated and remains a key source for understanding roman propaganda and economic policy. \n \n trajan's legacy endured long after his death, influencing later emperors who sought to emulate his leadership. his policies on governance, military strategy, and public welfare set a high standard for roman rule. despite his ambitious expansion, the empire remained stable under his leadership, unlike the challenges faced by his successors. his reputation remained so esteemed that the senate continued to honor future emperors by wishing them to be \"more fortunate than augustus and better than trajan.\" his denarii, like his architectural achievements, serve as lasting reminders of an era of roman strength and prosperity."},"estimateMax":180,"lotNumber":"233","title":{"es":"roman, denarius, trajan, 98 - 117 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18087/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":90,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.882Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac160 - \u20ac180","currency":"EUR","id":18087,"estimateMin":160},{"startPrice":20,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18088/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18088/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18088/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: julia mamaea, mother of severus alexander \n \n date: 222 - 235 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29 mm, 18,74 gr \n \n obverse: ivlia mamaea avgvsta, her diademed and draped bust right \n \n reverse: fecvnditas avgvstae, fecunditas standing it, extending her right hand to a child standing before her and holding a cornucopiae, s-c in lowe fields \n \n references: ric 668 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"234","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, julia mamaea, 222 - 235 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18088/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.884Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":18088,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18089/001/001.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina i \n \n date: after 141 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 30 mm, 27,78 gr \n \n obverse: diva favstina, draped bust right \n \n reverse: aeternitas s-c, aeternitas seated left holding phoenix & scepter. \n \n references: ric 1103a, cohen 15, bmc 1482 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"235","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, faustina i, after 141 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18089/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.886Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":18089,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18090/001/001.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: faustina ii \n \n date: 161 - 180 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 31 mm, 21,20 gr \n \n obverse: favstina avgvsta \n \n reverse: fecvnditas s.c. empress as fecvnditas holding scepter in right hand and infant in left hand. \n \n references: ric 1638 cohen 100 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"236","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, faustina ii, 161 - 180 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18090/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"soldPrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.887Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":18090,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":20,"sold":true,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18091/001/001.jpg"],"soldDate":"2025-03-30","available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: philip i \n \n date: 244 - 249 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 27 mm, 14,06 gr \n \n obverse: imp ivl philippvs avg laureate, draped and cuirassed bust right \n \n reverse: miliarvm saecvlvm, cippus inscribid cos iii s-c across fields \n \n references: ric iv 157a cohen 95 vf \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice."},"estimateMax":70,"lotNumber":"237","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, philip i, 244 - 249 a.d"},"url":"https://es.bidspirit.com/ui/lotPage/yourantiquarian/source/catalog/auction/57603/lot/18091/view","tags":["esnumismatics_coins","esnumismatics_all","esnumismatics"],"directSalePrice":20,"soldPrice":20,"lastUpdate":"2026-07-01T18:55:50.889Z","textCase":"lower","estimate":"\u20ac60 - \u20ac70","currency":"EUR","id":18091,"estimateMin":60},{"startPrice":50,"sold":false,"images":["https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18092/001/001.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18092/002/002.jpg","https://bidspirit-images.global.ssl.fastly.net/yourantiquarian/cloned-images/18092/003/003.jpg"],"available":false,"description":{"es":"ruler: severus alexander \n \n date: 222 - 235 a.d \n \n denomination: sestertius \n \n material: bronze \n \n size & weight: 29,65 mm, 13,35 gr \n \n obverse: imp alexander pivs avg, laureate draped and armoured bust right \n \n reverse: mars vltor, mars facing right, with spear and shield, s-c in fields \n \n references: ric 635, cohen 169 \n \n \n comes with certificate of authenticity and export licence. if you are from outside the european union, we will have to apply for the export licence again for your country, this takes 3 to 5 weeks and has a cost of 5% of the hammer price, this amount will be added to the final invoice. \n \n severus alexander was the last emperor of the severan dynasty, ruling from 222 to 235 ad. he ascended to the throne as a teenager after the assassination of his cousin, elagabalus, and was heavily influenced by his mother, julia mamaea, who played a crucial role in governance. his reign was marked by attempts at reform, efforts to curb corruption, and a return to more traditional roman values after the excesses of his predecessor. he sought to strengthen the senate\u2019s role and promoted economic stability, but his reliance on advisors and his perceived weakness in military matters led to growing discontent among the legions. \n \n one of the major challenges of severus alexander\u2019s rule was the rising threat of external enemies, particularly the sassanian empire in the east and germanic tribes along the northern frontier. although he led campaigns against these threats, his military policies, including his preference for diplomacy and bribery over outright warfare, alienated his soldiers. in 235 ad, during a campaign against the germanic tribes, his own troops mutinied and assassinated him, replacing him with the more aggressive general maximinus thrax. his death marked the beginning of the crisis of the third century, a period of instability that nearly led to the collapse of the roman empire. \n \n despite his troubled reign, severus alexander left behind a legacy of modest reforms and an emphasis on cultural and intellectual pursuits. his coinage, including the denarius, reflects his efforts to present himself as a traditional and pious ruler, often depicting roman gods, military themes, and personifications of virtues such as pax (peace) and virtus (courage)."},"estimateMax":120,"lotNumber":"238","title":{"es":"roman, sestertius, severus alexander, 222 - 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